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Biomedical subjects

E A Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to E A Wilson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Alternate pathway of complement and bactericidal response of the channel catfish to Salmonella paratyphi.

Fresh channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) serum from unimmunized catfish exhibited 100% bactericidal activity against Salmonella paratyphi. Components responsible for bactericidal activity could be absorbed from the fresh catfish serum with S. paratyphi. The bactericidal system of the fresh catfish serum showed a need for magnesium rather than for calcium after EDTA treatment. The addition of salicylaldoxime or ammonium hydroxide to catfish serum indicated the alternate rather than the classical pathway of complement activation to be important in bactericidal activity against S. paratyphi. Bactericidal activity of catfish serum was labile when incubated at 47 degrees C for 30 min., stable for at least 4 mo. at -80 degrees C and could be absorbed with S. paratyphi at 25 degrees C. Very minimal bactericidal activity was present in the descending portion of the first 13.7S peak with most activity being found in the descending portion of the second 7.1S peak and throughout the entire 3.4S peak after Sephadex G-200 catfish serum fractionation.

Ammonium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1982

Rates of exponential increase of serum estradiol concentrations in normal and human menopausal gonadotropin-induced cycles.

Serum unconjugated estradiol concentrations were measured daily in patients who ovulated spontaneously and in patients whose ovulations were induced with human menopausal gonadotropins. When the logarithm of the estradiol concentration was plotted against time (semi-log plot) for each patient, the plots were essentially linear, and the rates of estradiol production were similar during spontaneous and induced cycles. Based on two or three estradiol determinations, subsequent estradiol concentrations can be determined as long as the established rates of estradiol production falls within reasonable confidence limits. The slope of serum unconjugated estradiol concentrations of a patient known to have a multiple gestation due to multiple ovulations did not differ significantly from the slopes of estradiol concentrations with single pregnancies, suggesting that the follicular phase estradiol concentrations do not reflect number of dominant follicles.

Estradiol↗
PubMed1982

Prolactin hyperstimulation in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with endometriosis.

In order to clarify the role of hyperprolactinemia as a possible cause of infertility in patients with endometriosis, baseline serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations and the PRL response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation were measured in 14 infertile women with endometriosis and in 13 normal, fertile women. Baseline PRL concentrations were 2-fold greater in the endometriosis group than in normal subjects, but the mean values did not differ significantly. Following TRH administration, a significant increase in peak PRL concentrations was observed in patients with endometriosis (211.5 +/- 34.9 ng/ml) when compared with corresponding values in control subjects (117.1 +/- 14.9 ng/ml, P less than 0.05). This hypersecretory state was selective for PRL because no significant differences between the baseline and TRH-stimulated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations or total serum thyroxine concentrations were observed. In summary, some infertile women with endometriosis exhibit a greater capacity for PRL secretion than normal women. These results suggest that relative hyperprolactinemia may be responsible for the infertility associated with endometriosis, and that PRL suppression may be indicated in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of increased photoperiod on hormone concentrations in thoroughbred stallions.

Stallions on two Central Kentucky farms (9/farm) were studied during the 1980 breeding season. On one farm stallions were exposed to an increased photoperiod (16 h light/day) from 1 December 1979; on the second farm the stallions were maintained in an ambient photoperiod. On the basis of matings per conception (total mating/mares in foal) stallions on each farm were assigned to a high fertility (1 . 9-2 . 4 matings per conception, N = 4) or low fertility (2 . 6-5 . 6 matings per conception, N = 5) group. Exposure of stallions to increased photoperiod significantly increased serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), androstenedione, testosterone and oestrone by the start of the breeding season (16 February) while concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta and total oestrogens were similar in the two groups. LH was the only hormone significantly affected by the fertility of stallions, with LH concentrations consistently higher in the 'increased light-high fertility' stallions compared to the low basal concentration observed in the other 3 groups during the early breeding season (16 Feb.-31 March). FSH concentrations were not significantly affected by photoperiod or fertility, but appeared to be consistently higher in the 'increased light-high fertility' stallions than in the 'increased light-low fertility' stallions. The 'increased light-high fertility' stallions were mated to more mares than were stallions in the other 3 groups and differences in LH and FSH concentrations may therefore have been confounded with frequency of mating. Seasonal conception rates were unaffected by increased photoperiod.

Androgens↗
PubMed1982

Adrenal androgen excess and defective 11 beta-hydroxylation in women with idiopathic hirsutism.

We studied the simultaneous responses of four serum androgens (testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) and five other steroids (deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol, and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone) to the infusion of small amounts of cosyntropin in eight patients with idiopathic hirsutism and in six normal women. Serum testosterone and androstenedione concentrations were significantly higher in hirsute women after graded cosyntropin infusions than in controls, as were concentrations of plasma deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol. Analysis of the substrate/product ratios 11-deoxycortisol/cortisol and deoxycorticosterone/corticosterone revealed defective 11 beta-hydroxylation in women with hirsutism. The presence of increased circulating androgen levels in response to physiologic amounts of adrenocorticotropic hormone thus appears to be a common response in women with idiopathic hirsutism, and, together with impaired adrenal 11 beta-hydroxylation, points to an adrenal defect as important components of this disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Corticosteroid-binding globulin as a biologic assay for endogenous estrogen in patients with and without endometrial carcinoma.

Serum corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) concentrations in blood respond to endogenous or exogenous estrogens in a dose-response manner and serve as a biologic assay for estrogens. Because endometrial carcinoma is associated with unopposed or excessive estrogen stimulation, the CBG binding capacity of sera of patients with endometrial cancer was compared to that of normal premenopausal and postmenopausal women. The mean +/- SEM values for CBG concentrations in patients with endometrial cancer (28.3 +/- 1.3 mg/L) were significantly greater than CBG concentrations in premenopausal women (21.4 +/- 0.9 mg/L, p less than 0.001), but not significantly different from those of normal postmenopausal women (26.7 +/- 1.2 mg/L). Patients with polycystic ovarian disease, a risk factor for endometrial carcinoma, also had CBG concentrations significantly greater than those of normal premenopausal women (27.9 +/- 1.8 mg/L, p less than 0.01). CBG levels decline with age (r = -0.6474, p less than 0.05) but are unaffected by body weight or percent ideal body weight. These results indicate that CBG can distinguish categories of patients at risk for endometrial carcinoma, but it is not an effective biochemical marker for patients in these high-risk groups who have or will develop endometrial carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effect of variations in globulin concentrations on serum radioimmunoassay results, as exemplified by choriogonadotropin.

Variations in serum protein concentrations can affect results of radioimmunoassay of human choriogonadotropin involving either polyethylene glycol or double-antibody methods of separation. Relative to the maximal binding of choriogonadotropin in the presence of normal (30 g/L) globulin concentrations, globulin concentrations of 10 to 60 g/L were associated with maximal binding ranging from 84.9 to 115.6% in the polyethylene glycol system, and from 109.9 to 92.5% in the double-antibody system. This effect was quantitatively much the same throughout the standard curve in the polyethylene glycol system, but diminished with the higher standard concentrations in the double-antibody system. In assays involving polyethylene glycol separation, an increase in globulin was associated with a linear increase in nonspecific binding, but no detectable effect of globulin on nonspecific binding was observed in the double-antibody system. Determination and compensation for nonspecific binding of individual samples (rather than for mean assay nonspecific binding) eliminated the globulin effect in the polyethylene glycol system but not in the double-antibody system.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1981

Effect of serum lipids on radioimmunoassays of unconjugated estriol in serum.

Controversy regarding the presence of a circadian rhythm in unconjugated estriol in serum during pregnancy led us to study the possibility that the observed rhythms actually are the result of partitioning of estriol into serum lipids when these increase postprandially. Addition of triglycerides to purified estriol standards significantly decreased (p less than 0.001) apparent estriol as detected by radioimmunoassay after separation on dextran-coated charcoal and significantly increased (p less than 0.001) estriol as detected by radioimmunoassay after double-antibody separation. Compensation for individual nonspecific binding of standards nullified the effect of lipids only in systems involving dextran-coated charcoal separation, incubated for 1.0 h at 37 degrees C followed by 1.0 h at 4 degrees C. In contrast to other protocols, data obtained with this system revealed no significant circadian variation in serum estriol concentrations in normal pregnant women (CV, 4.3%). Evidently, reported variations in apparent serum estriol concentration are artifactual.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1980

Suppression of human chorionic gonadotropin by progestational steroids.

The dynamics of the secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were studied by culturing explants of normal term placentas for as long as 144 hours. A significant accumulation of immunoreactive hCG (beta-subunit) was first detected at 48 to 72 hours, and a sixfold increase in hCG was observed in control culture medium at 144 hours. Compared to control cultures, progesterone (P < 0.001) in physiologic tissue levels of 5 to 20 micrograms/ml, pregnenolone (P < 0.001), 20 micrograms/ml, and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (P < 0.001), 20 micrograms/ml, suppressed the secretion of hCG throughout the study period. Progesterone decreased the secretion of hCG in a dose-response manner (r = -0.8S87, P < 0.1). No suppression of hCG was observed in the presence of cortisol, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, 17 beta-estradiol, or estriol. The secretion of human chorionic somatomammotropin was unchanged in the presence of progesterone. The augmented hCG response in the presence of dibutyl cAMP (P < 0.001) was significantly, but not completely, suppressed by progesterone 20 micrograms/ml culture medium (P < 0.01). Under these conditions progestational steroids or their immediate metabolites suppress the secretion of hCG, and they may be responsible for the decline in the levels of hCG during pregnancy.

Aminoglutethimide↗
PubMed1980

Coital activity and premature delivery.

The coital activities of 111 patients who delivered after spontaneous premature labor were compared to a matched group of patients who subsequently delivered at term. The percentage of patients who were sexually active, the mean coital frequency, and the incidence of orgasm with coital activity were not significantly different between the two groups. Coital activity in the group delivering prematurely was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) than that in the group delivering at term only when no apparent reason for premature labor (18 or 111 cases) was evident. This relationship was especially true after the thirty-second week of gestation. Normal coital activity does not result in premature delivery and should not be discouraged during pregnancy in the absence of complications.

Coitus↗
PubMed1980

An antireflux valve to prevent gross abdominal distension after jejuno-ileal bypass.

A patient who had undergone a jejuno-ileal bypass procedure for morbid obesity subsequently presented with gross abdominal distension. Evidence is presented to suggest that the distension was due to reflux of intestinal contents into the bypassed bowel. A valve is described which controlled this reflux and prevented any further attacks of gross abdominal distension.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Dietary management of maturity-onset diabetes.

Dietary management of maturity-onset diabetes is a basic medical concept. It is difficult to study scientifically because of variable eating habits and the impossibility of rigorous measurement. The non-insulin-requiring diabetic patient is often managed by the family doctor, who may not have access to dietetic assistance, and assessment of the success of simple but careful dietary measures is infrequent. We have taken a special interest in this group of patients, and find that most maturity-onset diabetic patients can be satisfactorily managed on diet only. In a group of 58 such patients there was a significant fall in mean weight and fasting plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations after six months, which persisted for up to three years. This achievement was chiefly due to those patients who were graded as "good" in their dietary adherence, but less good dieting still achieved weight loss, though plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations did not fall so low. The clinical dietitian has played a central part in this study.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Ultrastructure and steroid-binding studies in leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata.

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) is characterized by the development of numerous leiomyomata throughout the peritoneal cavity which appear grossly malignant but histologically benign. The etiology of this disorder has been controversial. The tenth reported case of LPD is presented with ultrastructural evidence that these tumors arise from smooth muscle cells. The cytoplasmic estrogen and progesterone bindings by these tumors were ninefold and twofold greater than receptor concentrations in normal myometrium from the same patient. In addition to the steroid binding data, the strong association of this disorder with pregnancy or, as in this case, oral contraceptives suggests that the stimulus for neoplastic initiation and growth is hormonally related.

Adult↗