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Biomedical subjects

E A Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to E A Phillips.

44 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Rapid tube CAMP test for identification of Streptococcus agalactiae (Lancefield group B).

A rapid CAMP test for the presumptive identification of Streptococcus agalactiae (Lancefield group B) is described. Sheep erythrocytes, sensitized by staphylococcal beta-lysin and suspended in phosphate-buffered saline, were used to determine the lytic capacity of the neutralized supernatant fluids of 4-h broth cultures of streptococci being tested. A total of 96.2% of 130 group B streptococci gave positive CAMP tests, that is, lysis of the sheep erythrocytes after 10 min of exposure of streptococcal supernatants, whereas none of 381 non-group B streptococci tested produced any lysis. The test described provides presumptive identification of group B streptococci within 4 h and eliminates problems of intermediate reactions so that a positive test is indicative only of CAMP factor production.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

A cellulose acetate membrane precipitin (CAP) test for amoebiasis.

A simple precipitin test (CAP) using cellulose acetate membrane has been devised and evaluated against the gel diffusion precipitin (GDP) test. In 251 sera tested by both methods, the CAP was never negative when the GDP was positive (110 sera). 34 sera were negative by the GDP but positive by the CAP; in all of these the patients either had a past history of amoebiasis or were considered to have active amoebiasis. The CAP is technically very simple, the result is available within four and a half hours, and the membranes can be impregnated with antigen and stored for several months. The CAP is slightly more sensitive than the GDP and remains positive longer after the patient has been cured; it seems to be equally specific.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1975

Development and implementation of a pharmacy technician training program.

A nine-month on-the-job training program for hospital pharmacy technicians is described. The first three months of the program are devoted to didactic training and the remaining six months to acquiring practical experience. Candidates for the program are provided through state-sponsored public assistance or manpower training programs. A minimum of six individuals are needed to begin a program to ensure that during at least three complete it. Forth technicians have completed the program during the past six years, and eight are currently employed by the hospital. Thirteen others are known to be employed at other institutions or in health-related occupations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1973

Achievement Place: development of the elected manager system.

A series of experiments was carried out to compare several administrative systems at Achievement Place, a family style behavior modification program for pre-delinquent boys. One aspect of the motivation system at Achievement Place was the token economy in which the youths could earn or lose points that could be exchanged for privileges. Several arrangements for assigning routine tasks and for providing token consequences for task performance were compared for their effectiveness in accomplishing the tasks and for their preference by the boys. The independent variables studied included: (1) individually assigned tasks versus group assigned tasks; (2) consequences for individual performance versus consequences for group performance; (3) a peer managership that could be earned by the highest bidder versus a peer managership that could be determined democratically by the peers. The results suggested that among those systems studied the system that best met the criteria of effectiveness and preference involved a democratically elected peer manager who had the authority both to give and to take away points for his peers' performances.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1971

Achievement Place: modification of the behaviors of pre-delinquent boys within a token economy.

The "pre-delinquent" behaviors of six boys at Achievement Place, a community based family style behavior modification center for delinquents, were modified using token (points) reinforcement procedures. In Exp. I, point losses contingent on each minute late were effective in producing promptness at the evening meal. During the reversal phase, threats (which were not backed up with point losses) to reinstate the point consequences initially improved promptness but the last two of five threats were ineffective. In Exp. II, point consequences effectively maintained the boys' room-cleaning behavior and, during a fading condition where the percentage of days when the contingency occurred was decreased, the point consequences remained effective for over six months, even when they were delivered on only 8% of the days. Experiment III showed that the boys saved considerable amounts of money when point consequences were available for deposits but saved little money when no points were available. Also, when points were given only for deposits that occurred on specific days the boys deposited their money almost exclusively on those days. In Exp. IV, point consequences contingent on the number of correct answers on a news quiz produced the greatest increase in the percentage of boys who watched the news and, to a lesser extent, increased the percentage of correct answers for the boys who watched the news. The results indicate that "pre-delinquent" behaviors are amenable to modification procedures and that a token reinforcement system provides a practical means of modifying these behaviors.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Sydney, Australia, 1991 to 1995.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Quinolone antibiotics are used widely for the treatment of gonorrhea, but resistant strains appeared in Sydney in 1984, treatment failure with high-dose regimens in 1991, and isolates with very high minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (16 mg/l) in 1994. GOALS: To examine the frequency, source, and characteristics of Quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (QRNG) in Sydney from 1991 to 1995 and to compare these data with those obtained from 1984 to 1990. STUDY DESIGN: The antibiotic sensitivity, auxotype-serovar class, and geographic source of QRNG isolated in Sydney from January 1, 1991 to June 30, 1995 were analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred seven QRNG were isolated from 97 patients from 1991 to 1995. The number, proportion, and MICs of QRNG increased slowly in the first 4 years of the study and rapidly in the last 6 months. Most QRNG were isolated from travelers entering Sydney from Asia. Twenty-seven different auxotype-serovar classes were detected including 6 auxotype-serovar classes in 14 isolates with high-level quinolone resistance (MIC, 16 mg/l). CONCLUSIONS: QRNG isolated in Sydney during the past decade originated in Asia as multiple gonococcal subtypes and increased substantially in numbers and levels of resistance in 1995.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Strain characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae causing disseminated gonococcal infection in Australia. Members of the Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme.

The auxotype (A) and serovar (S) distribution and antibiotic and serum sensitivity of 22 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from blood and joints were determined. With one exception, these strains from disseminated gonococcal infections (DGI) belonged to one of 4 serovars of the IA serogroup and were resistant to killing by normal human serum. The auxotype distribution of these Australian strains differed significantly from that reported elsewhere in that 17 of the 22 isolates were proline requires, but none were of the AHU auxotype. This lack of the AHU auxotype in the DGI strains in Australia was explained by the virtual absence of AHU requirers in a sample of 1560 mucosal strains isolated in Sydney and Darwin from 1987 to 1990. The A/S distribution of these mucosal isolates also helped to account for the low (0.12) percentage of DGI strains in isolates examined by the Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme (AGSP) from 1981 to 1991, and the differences in the rates of DGI in Sydney (0.08%) and Darwin (0.87%). There was a relative lack of the IA serogroup strains which are mostly responsible for DGI in the mucosal isolates from Sydney (15% of all strains) but a higher proportion of these serovars (40%) in the Darwin sample. There were 46 cases of DGI in data from the AGSP, 29 of these being women. Seven of the cases diagnosed in Australia were infected with penicillinase-producing gonococci suggesting that antibiotics other than the penicillins should now be used for this condition in this region.

Australia↗