Biomedical subjects

E A Parker

Publications and source records attributed to E A Parker.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Disentangling measures of individual perceptions of community social dynamics: results of a community survey.

This study examined how different measures of individual perceptions of community social dynamics relate to each other and how these measures relate to self-reported general health and depressive symptoms. Results of a principal components analysis conducted to investigate the interrelationships between these individual measures suggest that these measures measure separate phenomena. In addition, in results of multiple-regression analyses conducted to examine associations between the various measures of individual perceptions of community social dynamics and the dependent variables of self-reported general health and depressive symptoms, sense of community, perceived neighborhood control, and neighborhood participation were all associated with the outcome variables in separate regression models. In a regression model with these three variables added to control variables, only sense of community was significantly, albeit modestly, associated with depressive symptoms and self-reported general health.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Who speaks for public health agencies: assessing the core functions in local health departments.

Several large-scale studies have attempted to measure public health agency performance of core functions by interviewing health directors. Because it is not self evident that a single respondent results in a valid performance assessment, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between two characteristics--position in the agency and racial/ethnic identity--and perceptions of the performance of core functions. Supervisors differed from nonsupervisors and Whites differed from African Americans in their perceptions of practices reflecting assessment and policy development. Efforts to develop surveillance measures of a complex institution such as a health department should incorporate methodologies to validate the responses.

Administrative Personnel↗

PubMed1998

Conducting a participatory community-based survey for a community health intervention on Detroit's east side.

This article describes a participatory action research process that brought together community members, representatives from community-based organizations and service providers, and academic researchers to collect, interpret, and apply community information to address issues related to the health of women and children in a geographically defined urban area. It describes the development and administration of a community-based survey designed to inform an intervention research project; discusses the establishment of a community/research partnership and issues that the partnership confronted in the process of developing and administering the survey; and examines the contributions of participants, and implications for research and collective action.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Coalition building for prevention: lessons learned from the North Carolina Community-Based Public Health Initiative.

This article examines the four-year development of the North Carolina Community-Based Public Health Initiative consortium (NC CBPHI). The NC CBPHI consisted of four separate county coalitions and differed in both its agenda and membership from the many examples of coalitions described in the literature. This article presents and describes evaluation findings that identify six factors as important in coalition functioning and success in the CBPHI coalitions. These factors are: participation, communication, governance and rules for operation, staff/coalition member relationships, technical assistance and skills training, and conflict recognition and containment. Selected CBPHI coalition activities are also described and implications for public health practitioners are presented.

Community Health Planning↗

PubMed1998

Review of community-based research: assessing partnership approaches to improve public health.

Community-based research in public health focuses on social, structural, and physical environmental inequities through active involvement of community members, organizational representatives, and researchers in all aspects of the research process. Partners contribute their expertise to enhance understanding of a given phenomenon and to integrate the knowledge gained with action to benefit the community involved. This review provides a synthesis of key principles of community-based research, examines its place within the context of different scientific paradigms, discusses rationales for its use, and explores major challenges and facilitating factors and their implications for conducting effective community-based research aimed at improving the public's health.

Community Health Planning↗

PubMed1998

Detroit's East Side Village Health Worker Partnership: community-based lay health advisor intervention in an urban area.

In recent years, there have been few reports in the literature of interventions using a lay health advisor approach in an urban area. Consequently, little is known about how implementation of this type of community health worker model, which has been used extensively in rural areas, may differ in an urban area. This article describes the implementation of the East Side Village Health Worker Partnership, a lay health advisor intervention, in Detroit, Michigan, and notes how participatory action research methods and principles for community-based partnership research are being used to guide the intervention. Findings are presented on how the urban context is affecting the design and implementation of this intervention. Implications of the findings for health educators are also presented and include the utility of a participatory action research approach, the importance of considering the context and history of a community in designing a health education intervention, and the importance of recognizing and considering the differences between rural and urban settings when designing a health education intervention.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Rural gonorrhea in the southeastern United States: a neglected epidemic?

Some rural counties in the southeastern United States are experiencing high rates of gonorrhea; however, existing knowledge of epidemiologic patterns of gonorrhea within communities is from urban areas. This paper describes the epidemiology of gonorrhea within a rural county of North Carolina and compares it with the patterns described for large cities. Data include gonorrhea reports from private physicians and the county health department from August 11, 1992, to August 10, 1993, and ethnographic interviews. The rate among males (1,602 cases per 100,000 person-years) was twice that among females. The risk of reinfection within 6 months of an initial infection (12.9%) was high compared with risks in urban settings. Although case numbers did not cluster by geographical area as described for some cities, case rates did. Factors favoring transmission in rural communities include greater poverty and fewer health care resources than in urban settings, the exchange of sex for crack cocaine, and a lack of anonymity that may cause some people to avoid seeking treatment or acknowledging risky sexual behaviors in a clinical setting. Addressing high rural rates will entail improving access to care, taking extra measures to ensure confidentiality, and dispelling the myth that high rates are limited to cities.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Intravenous administration sets--an overview.

Intravenous administration sets continue to become more sophisticated in response to advances in medical therapy. A number of design options are available to meet specialized needs. It behooves the pharmacist to become familiar with them in order to insure that sets compatible with and optimal for their intended application are selected in his or her institution. Doing so will fully execute his or her increasing responsibilities in I.V. therapy.

Infusions, Parenteral↗

PubMed1976