Descending substance P-containing pathway: a component of the ansa lenticularis.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
E A Mroz
Publications and source records attributed to E A Mroz.
On the origin of substance P and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in the substantia nigra.
Knife cuts in the frontal plane separating the anterior part of the caudate-putamen from the globus pallidus resulted in marked decreases in substances P levels in the reticular part of the substantia nigra. More caudal knife cuts were required in order to effect maximal decreases in nigral glutamic acid decarboxylase levels. Thus, there is a clear anatomical dissociation between the striatal neurons which project to the reticular part of the substantia nigra and which contain SP, and the more caudally located GAD-containing striatal and pallidal neurons, all of which travel through the globus pallidus on their way to the substantia nigra.
Animals↗
Evidence for substance P in the striato-nigral tract.
The highest concentration of substnace P yet found in the mammalian brain is in the reticular part of the substantia nigra. The effect of various lesions on the substance P content of that region has been examined in the rat in order to determine the possible sources and paths of nigropetal substance P-containing fibers. Unilateral knife cuts which transect the medial forebrain bundle and medial portion of the crus cerebri at a premammillary level lead to a 90% reduction in substance P in the ipsilateral reticular part of substantia nigra, with no significant effect on contralateral values. Incomplete electrolytic lesions of the globus pallidus lead to a 50% decrease. These data indicate that descending uncrossed pathways provide most of the substance P in the reticular part of the substantia nigra, with the striato-nigral tract providing an important component.
Afferent Pathways↗
Regional distribution of substance P in the brain of the rat.
Using a sensitive radioimmunoassay we have studied the regional distribution of substance P. The level of substance P is higher in the mesencephalon, hypothalamus and preoptic area than in other regions of the brain. Substance P is found in especially high concentrations in the reticular part of the substantia nigra and the interpeduncular nucleus. It is present in large amounts in several septal, preoptic and hypothalamic nuclei as well.
Animals↗
The precision of a special purpose analog computer in clinical cardiac output determination.
Three hundred dye-dilution curves taken during our first year of clinical experience with the Waters CO-4 cardiac output computer were analyzed to estimate the errors involved in its use. Provided that calibration is accurate and 5.0 mg of dye are injected for each curve, then the percentage standard deviation of measurement using this computer is about 8.7%. Included in this are the errors inherent in the computer, errors due to baseline drift, errors in the injection of dye and acutal variation of cardiac output over a series of successive determinations. The size of this error is comparable to that involved in manual calculation. The mean value of five successive curves will be within 10% of the real value in 99 cases out of 100. Advances in methodology and equipment are discussed which make calibration simpler and more accurate, and which should also improve the quality of computer determination. A list of suggestions is given to minimize the errors involved in the clinical use of this equipment.
Cardiac Output↗
Electronic calibration for indocyanine dye-dilution curves.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Cardiac Output↗
Release of substance P from isolated nerve endings.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗