Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E A Molland

Publications and source records attributed to E A Molland.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

Changes in medullary glycosaminoglycan histochemistry and microvascular filling during the development of 2-bromoethanamine hydrobromide-induced renal papillary necrosis.

A single dose of 2-bromoethanamine (BEA) hydrobromide induced an apex limited renal papillary necrosis (RPN) at low doses (50 mg/kg, ip and sc, or 100 mg/kg, po), and the total ablation of the medulla at high doses (greater than 150 mg/kg, ip and sc, or 1000 mg/kg, po) in both male and female Wistar rats. BEA (at levels of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg ip to male rats) caused transient hydropic changes. By 12 to 24 hr the anatomical elements of the medulla were necrosed, and active regeneration and reepithelialization of the viable areas was apparent. The only cortical changes up to 120 hr were dilatation of the nephron and the Bowman's spaces. The medullary glycosaminoglycan matrix (assessed by histochemical staining with colloidal iron) gave an intense granular appearance 2 hr after BEA, which was more marked and diffuse in the apex of the medulla from 8 to 12 hr. The staining was lost from those areas where early necrotic changes had occurred by 12 to 24 hr, and there was no subsequent staining of matrix material up to 120 hr. Vascular filling with colloidal carbon particles suggested an early shift of blood flow to the outer medulla at 2 to 4 hr, followed by the sustained filling of the microvasculature of the medulla well into the period when frank necrotic change was apparent. These data suggest that changes in the medullary matrix might play a previously unrecognized role in the development of 2-bromoethanamine hydrobromide-induced renal papillary necrosis, and these changes may give rise to loss of the material that supports the medullary capillaries.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Experimental trypsin-induced urothelial cell separation in vivo.

A morphological study of the effects of different concentrations of trypsin on the normal rat bladder in vivo is described. A low concentration (5000 u/ml) of the pure enzyme caused extensive urothelial cell separation following intravesical instillation via a catheter for 30 min. Urothelial regeneration commenced within 12 h and the appearance of the bladder was normal within 3 months. However, the development of submucosal haemorrhage and ulceration, partly as a result of infection, indicates that further experimental work is required before trypsin can be evaluated clinically for removing in situ carcinoma or reducing tumour bulk. The enzyme might also be used to produce more cellular material for cytological examination.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Urethral diverticulum in females.

Thirteen cases of urethral diverticulum in females are reported. Symptoms were non-specific. Two cases presented with suppuration in previously undiagnosed diverticula. The most important physical sign was palpation of the sac on vaginal examination. Micturating cystourethrography was the most useful investigation. An association with carcinoma makes excision mandatory and in 10 cases this was performed by a vaginal approach. A laterally based flap incision is described which was used in 7 cases without complication. In one case the diverticulum recurred after 5 years and was removed in the same way. Two cases that presented with suppuration were treated by incision and drainage: in one the diverticulum re-formed and the other case was lost to follow-up. The aetiology of the condition is unknown but we believe, on histological evidence, that it is congenital.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The underestimated hazards of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.

Twenty-eight cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis were studied in retrospect and difficulties in diagnosis and treatment are described. Awareness of the entity is the most effective safeguard against over-aggressive resection for this benign condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Conservative treatment of carcinoma of the penis.

Sixty-five cases referred to one hospital between 1964 and 1977 were studied. Forty-one presented in Stages 1 or 2 and when treated by the Iridium mould technique gave a 12/13 (92.3%) crude 5-year survival rate, an improvement over the results of previous methods of treatment, including partial amputation. In Stage 3 radical amputation gave an 89% 5-year survival rate. Node dissection was reserved for inguinal nodes in Stages 1, 2 and 3 which failed to resolve after treating the primary tumour. Undifferentiated tumours and those with the microscopic "cord" pattern of growth did badly.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Experimental renal papillary necrosis.

Review of experimental work indicates that renal papillary necrosis (RPN) is more readily induced by mixtures of analgesics which include phenacetin or paracetamol, than by either of the latter drugs alone. In an experiment in which moderate doses of analgesics were given to rats over a long period, it was shown that aspirin had a greater nephrotoxic effect than either phenacetin or paracetamol although less than in combination with either. In a study of the evolution of aspirin-induced damage, the earliest changes were shown to occur in the interstitial cells. There was also loss of medullary mucopolysaccharides. Occlusive lesions were demonstrated in the vasa recta. Using partial papillectomy, it was shown that the development of analgesic-induced cortical lesions did not depend on the presence of papillary necrosis. It was suggested that the early papillary changes might be due to ischemia, medullary blood flow being reduced as a result of aspirin's action as an inhibitor of prostagladin synthesis. The lesions in the vasa recta might cause ischemia at a late stage, leading to total RPN.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1977

Mercury pigmentation from industrial exposure. An ultrastructural and analytical electron microscopic study.

A study has been made of facial pigmentation resulting from industrial inorganic mercury exposure. Electron microscopy has shown electron-dense 400--900 nm aggregates of 12 nm particles in dermal macrophages and free in the dermis. Use of the analytical electron microscope has enabled direct confirmation of the presence of mercury in these aggregates. The unexpected finding of coexistent selenium is discussed.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1977

The simultaneous presentation of Hodgkin's disease of myeloma.

The simultaneous presentation of Hodgkin's disease and multiple myeloma is described. This is rare as only one previous case appears to have been documented. Speculations as to the aetiology are discussed as well as the significance of the presentation.

Hodgkin Disease↗
PubMed1976

Nephrogenic adenoma: a form of adenomatous metaplasia of the bladder. A clinical and electron microscopical study.

3 additional cases of "nephrogenic adenoma" of the bladder are added to the 20 previously reported cases. Light and electron microscopic studies of the first 2 cases support the hypothesis of urothelial metaplasia. The name "adenomatous metaplasia" should replace "nephrogenic adenoma". Malignant change occurred in the third case, suggesting that this ought to be regarded as a potentially dangerous from of metaplasia. In the absence of malignant change, ileocaecocystoplasty with subtotal cystectomy afforded symptomatic cure in 2 cases: radical cystectomy was performed in the third because of malignant adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Analgesic abuse, ureteric obstruction, and retroperitoneal fibrosis.

We report two cases of unusual ureteric obstruction in patients with an excessive consumption of analgesics. In a retrospective survey of seven cases of non-malignant retroperitoneal fibrosis seen in the last 15 years it was found that four had taken excessive amounts of analgesics. A careful drug history should be taken in all patients with restroperitoneal fibrosis and ureteric obstruction.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1975

The effects of overstretching on the structure and function of the bladder in relation to Helmstein's distension therapy.

Measurements of the maximum bladder distensibility, cystometrograms and histological studies of the bladder after Helmstein's distension therapy show intramural fibrosis and a reduction in bladder capacity. When this is made worse by post-radiation fibrosis it may give rise to such severe contraction that diversion may be needed. There is no evidence that distension, of the type used here, ever gives rise to "stretching" or "atony" of the bladder: and it is questionable whether distension of a lesser degree, such as may be found in acute urinary retention, ever does so either.

Dilatation↗
PubMed1975

The therapeutic application of hyperthermia in the bladder.

Experience with 10 cases of hyperthermic irrigation of the bladder suggests that irrigation with saline at 80 degrees C for 10 to 15 min will stop bleeding and destroy epithelium and muscle layers without causing visceral injury or systemic disturbance. It may be preferable to cystectomy in certain poor-risk patients, or in those who refuse cystectomy for fear of impotence.

Aged↗