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Biomedical subjects

E A Miller

Publications and source records attributed to E A Miller.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Bilateral sixth-nerve palsy. A rare complication of water-soluble contrast myelography.

The appearance of bilateral sixth-nerve palsy is usually a harbinger of serious intracranial disease or a nonspecific sign of increased intracranial pressure from any cause. Although unilateral sixth-nerve palsy is a well-recognized complication of lumbar puncture, the appearance of bilateral sixth-nerve palsy following water-soluble myelography is not generally recognized. We describe our experience with three patients and emphasize the benign and self-limiting character of these bilateral sixth-nerve palsies.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1979

Time for loss of increased cardiac responsiveness to isoproterenol in cold-acclimated rats after removal from cold.

Female rats exposed to air at 5 +/- 1 degree C for 12 weeks had a greater increase in heart rate in response to s.c. administration of d,l-isoproterenol (8 microgram/kg body weight) than warm-acclimated controls when both were tested in air at 25 +/- 1 degree C. After removal from cold for 24, 48, or 72 h, cold-acclimated rats still showed a greater responsiveness of heart rate to s.c. administration of isoproterenol (8 microgram/kg body weight) when compared with warm-acclimated controls. However, by 96 h after removal from cold, the responsiveness of heart rate to isoproterenol in the cold-treated group no longer differed from that of the warm-acclimated group. Hence, the increased beta-adrenergic responsiveness of heart rate in cold-acclimated rats was lost at some time between 72 and 96 h after removal from cold.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1975

Enzymes regulating glycogen metabolism in swine subcutaneous adipose tissue. II. Glycogen synthase.

Glycogen synthase from swine adipose tissue was purified to apparent homogeneity using ethanol precipitation, DEAE chromatography, and affinity chromatography utilizing glucosamine 6-phosphate as the ligand. The purified enzyme migrated as a single protein component during electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels at pH 7.3 although some protein failed to enter the running gel. Enzyme incubated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) migrated as one component (mol wt similar to 90,000) on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was relatively unstable at all stages of the purification procedure, but stability was increased in the presence of glucose 6-phosphate, UDPG, or glycerol. The isoelectric point of the purified enzyme and of enzyme activity in crude homogenates was pH 4.8. The sedimentation coefficient of the enzyme in crude homogenates was 8.5 S. The pH-activity profile showed an optimum at pH 7.8 in the absence of glucose 6-phosphate but no definable optimum between pH 7.0 and 9.2 in its presence. The Km of glycogen synthase I for UDPG was 250 muM in the absence and 37 muM in the presence of glucose 6-phosphate; the K-a for glucose 6-phosphate was 18 mu-M. The K-m of glycogen synthase D for UDPG was 130 mu-M in the presence of glucose 6-phosphate; the Ka for glucose 6-phosphate was 1 mM. The anions sulfate and phosphate activated the enzyme when assays were performed in the absence of glucose 6-phosphate. Fluoride produced activation of enzyme assayed either in the presence or in the absence of glucose 6-phosphate.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1975

Calcitonin secretion by monolayer cultures of human C-cells derived from medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Monolayer cultures of human calcitonin-secreting cells (C-cells) have been derived from medullary thyroid carcinomas. The cultures were prepared from cell suspensions obtained by enzymatic digestion of surgical specimens of the tumor. Human calcitonin (hCT) secretion by these cells was studied using a specific radioimmunoassay for the hormone. The cultures could be used for reproducible secretion studies up to 40 days after their initiation; they demonstrated a linear rate of hormone secretion in the basal state for at least 4 h. Calcium, pentagastrin, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) each produced a marked increase (up to 7-fold) in hormone secretion. Magnesium had no apparent secretory effect; and compared to PGE2, PGF2alpha had only a small secretory effect. In addition to responding to specific secretagogues shown to regulate calcitonin secretion in vivo, the secretory effects of each of the secretagogues could be raipdly reversed. Therefore, these cultures of human C-cells exhibit secretory responses which are quantitatively and qualitatively similar to C-cells in vivo. Accordingly, such cultures provide a useful model to study the regulation of calcitonin secretion in human C-cells.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1975

Diminution of early environmental control through perinatal and prenatal somatosensory deafferentation.

Six monkeys subjected to forelimb deafferentation on day of birth (two blinded and four not blinded) spontaneously developed use of the affected limbs for support of body weight, ambulation, and clasping objects. The sighted animals also used them for climbing and reaching toward objects. Thumb-forefinger prehension did not emerge spontaneously but could be brought into existence through training. In another series of experiments, 5 of 11 monkey fetuses, exteriorized two-thirds of the way through gestation and given forelimb deafferentation, survived through caesarian delivery and at least 5 months of infancy. Although all were quadriparetic due to postoperative mechanical deformation of the cervical region, they were able to use the affected limbs to make postural adjustments and for standing and rudimentary ambulation. The results indicate that, after birth, neither spinal reflexes nor local somatosensory feedback and vision are necessary for the development of most types of movement performed by the forelimb musculature in monkeys. Continuance of the prenatal research should permit determination of the role of somatic sensation in the intrauterine development of behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Delayed recovery of function following orbital prefrontal lesions in infant monkeys.

Monkeys given orbital prefrontal lesions at 1, 4, or 8 weeks of age exhibited a severe learning disability when they were tested at 1 year of age, but showed substantial recovery by the time they were 2 years old. These results suggest that the protracted maturation of intact cortical regions is important in recovery of function after early brain injury.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1973

Hormone-stimulated lipolysis in isolated fat cells from "young" and "old" rats.

The biphasic nature of the lipolytic dose-response curve of epinephrine in fat cells from "young" rats (40-45 days) was confirmed. The first phase (Lipolysis I) occurred at concentrations of from 10(-7) m to 3 x 10(-6) m. The second phase (Lipolysis II) occurred at concentrations of from 10(-5) m to 3 x 10(-4) m. Insulin (0.1 mU/ml) abolished Lipolysis I and slightly augmented Lipolysis II. Higher concentrations of insulin (1.0 mU/ml) augmented Lipolysis II even further. These results may help to explain some of the conflicting reports in the literature concerning the effects of insulin on lipolysis. The dose-response curve of epinephrine using fat cells from "old" rats (14-16 months) was monophasic. Based on results with propranolol, K(+)-free media, and insulin, it was concluded that the lipolytic response in tissue from older animals corresponds to Lipolysis II in tissue from younger rats. The lipolytic response to ACTH was greatly reduced in the cells from the older rats, but the response to theophylline was unaltered.

Adipocytes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eustrongylidiasis in eastern great blue herons (Ardea herodias).

The nematode Eustrongylides ignotus was found in peritoneal lesions of several great blue herons (Ardea herodias) submitted for necropsy from a wildlife rehabilitation center in northern Delaware. Prior to death, signs of disease included ataxia, emaciation, weakness, and anemia. Blood collection was not uniformly performed, but in cases where it was performed, affected birds demonstrated abnormal clinical hematology. Postmortem findings included numerous lesions associated with verminous peritonitis. Significant histologic granulomatous response to the presence of these organisms was noted, particularly in the proventricular specimens. Other organs involved included intestine, spleen, pancreas, and liver.

Animals↗