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Biomedical subjects

E A Lewis

Publications and source records attributed to E A Lewis.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Validity of an orthodontic treatment priority index to measure need for treatment.

In establishing the validity of an index for identifying individuals needing orthodontic treatment, we must concern ourselves with the construct validity of the measure. Since it is clear that the relevant theory concerning need for treatment must include esthetics and the accompanying social and psychological characteristics, the construct validation of an index to measure need for treatment must include tests of hypotheses with these dimensions. If we consider a child's self-perception of occlusion as a psychological variable and another person's perception of a child's occlusion as a social variable, theory relevant to an index of need for treatment would hypothesize that each should correlate positively with need for treatment. Subjects were eighth and ninth grade students from a metropolitan area in western New York State. Fifty-two of the children were planning to obtain orthodontic treatment, and 102 were not. Data were also obtained, whenever possible, from both parents and from a sibling (if any) nearest in age to the child. Data were collected in one session by a trained interviewer who used a structured interview and also photographed the child's teeth and jaws. In addition, the child was given an orthodontic Treatment Priority Index (TPI) examination by a dentist enrolled in a graduate program in orthodontics, who had previously been trained and standardized in the use of the TPI. In addition, to the TPI, scores obtained included three psychological measures and eight social measures. Each of the psychological and social variables correlated significantly with TPI at the 0.05 level, with values ranging from 0.21 to 0.54 and a median value of 0.42. On the basis of these correlations, evidence is presented for the construct validity of the TPI when measuring need for treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Reliability and stability of the orthodontic Patient Cooperation Scale.

Patient cooperation is recognized as an important factor in the outcome of orthodontic treatment. In order to predict patient cooperation, there have been numerous studies which have examined its correlates in orthodontic treatment. However, few, if any, of these studies have considered the reliability or stability of their patient cooperation measures. Hence, the correlates found or not found are suspect. The present article reports on the internal consistency and stability of the Orthodontic Patient Cooperation Scale (OPCS). Using the responses of practicing orthodontists, a list was generated of ten patient behaviors frequently considered in evaluating a patient's cooperation. Subjects were eighth- and ninth-grade students undergoing orthodontic treatment, who were rated by their own orthodontists after 2 months and 6 months of treatment. The internal consistency for the scale was estimated to be 0.71 (N = 44) at 2 months and 0.80 (N = 45) at 6 months. The correlation between scores at 2 months and at 6 months was 0.58 (N = 44), which may be considered to be a conservative estimate of the long-term stability of the scale. In summary, the OPCS has adequate internal consistency and reasonably stable scores over a 4-month period. As such, it should prove useful in studies looking for predictors of patient cooperation and in studies examining the relationship of patient cooperation and outcome of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Bowel habit in a Yoruba rural community: preliminary report.

The bowel habit of a rural population 80 kilometres outside Ibadan was examined. Based on the pattern of the diet there, 91% of the apparently healthy subjects have daily bowel actions, 60% have two or more motions a day and the stool was soft in 51% of them. There was no alteration in the frequency and consistency of the stool with advancing age. The range of bowel actions was two to three soft motions per day. Recognizable dietary factors producing this pattern include not only the bulky carbohydrate diet but also the vegetables, pepper, fruits and traditional as well as proprietary laxative products commonly taken by these subjects. The implication of the bowel habit on the prevalence of certain gastrointestinal disease on the basis of Burkitt's hypothesis was examined. Measurements of food transit time and stool weights will form the basis of subsequent studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The detection of antibodies to hookworm larva in patients by immunofluorescence: a preliminary report.

Using the fluorescent antibody technique 84% of patients with severe hookworm infection and 74% of Nigerian blood donors have detecable antibodies that react with surface antigen of hookworm larvae. On the other hand only 24% of Nigerian medical students and 20% of Caucasians (Canadians) have such antibodies in their sera. It is suggested that while the results of tests on students may be due to the relatively infrequent contact with hookworm the antibody positivity in the Caucasians may be due to cross reaction with other related helminths. The titre of antibody produced in the hookworm infected patients was similar to that of the blood donors but differed from other groups. Lower positivity rates were observed with further dilution of sera in the hookworm infected patients. This may be due to their relative incapacity to produce potent hookworm antibody. Further work on this aspect is required as well as improvement of the specificity of the technique.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1978

Factors in the aetiology of chronic duodenal ulcer in Ibadan.

The aetiological factors at work in Nigerians with duodenal ulcer were examined. Stress and dietary factors were found to be major agents in the precipitation of exacerbations and recurrences of symptoms. Of the dietary agents, chillies and cassava preparations in the form of 'eba' and 'gari' are potent ulcerogenic food substances. Aspirin, alcohol and smoking also contribute to the worsening of the conditions but are not major factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The lymphogram in abdominal tuberculosis.

Lymphograms of 11 patients with histologically proven abdominal tuberculosis have been assessed in an attempt to define a typical pattern of appearance in retroperitoneal lymph glands. Glandular enlargement, poor glandular filling and lymphovascular obstruction were present. A gradient of abnormality with more marked adenopathy in the upper para-aortic chain extending to a lesser involvement below in the iliac chain was demonstrated in keeping with a retrograde spread of the tuberculosis process from the abdominal lymphatics cauded along the retroperitoneal chain. Lymphography may be valuable in cases where data from clinical observations and routine radiological studies is inconclusive in cases of vague abdominal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Configuration of unsheared nucleohistone. Effects of ionic strength and of histone F1 removal.

Nucleohistone solubilized from rabbit thymus nuclei by an endogenous nuclease has in 0.15 M salt an exceptionally low intrinsic viscosity and very high sedimentation velocity. A fully reversible expansion of configuration occurs on lowering ionic strength. When [eta] is plotted against I-1/2 and extrapolated to high I, [eta] = 0 is reached at I = 0.4-1 M and [eta] at I = infinity is negative, contrary to the behavior of DNA and of the great majority of polyelectrolytes, which extrapolate to a positive [eta] at I = infinity. This behavior demands that the configuration of nucleohistone depends not only on electrostatic expansive forces but also on contracting forces which are not electrostatic and do not go to zero in any accessible configuration. Intramolecular hydrophobic bonds might provide such contracting forces. Increasing I above 0.15 M leads to precipitation near 0.3 M and redissolution with dissociation of F1 and expansion in 0.6 M. The expansion is largely but not completely reversed on return to 0.15 M. Much further expansion occurs in I = 1.2 M. Nucleohistone exposed to 1.2 M could not be redissolved in the original medium. Nucleohistone depleted of F1 exhibits a similar expansion as ionic strength is reduced, at higher viscosities throughout. On extrapolation to I = infinity both positive and negative viscosities were observed, on different lots, perhaps reflecting variable extraction of other histones. Circular dichroism spectra are very little affected by ionic strength (0.6 M and lower) or F1 removal, despite tenfold changes in viscosity.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Immunocytochemical identification and localization of immunoglobulin A within Paneth cells of the rat small intestine.

Light microscopic immunocytochemistry was used to identify Paneth cells by their lysozyme content and to detect immunoglobulin antigens within a subpopulation of these cells. Antisera specific for the heavy chains of rat or human immunoglobulin A and for immunoglobulin light chain antigens produced specific staining of rat Paneth cells. The distribution of immunoglobulin staining varied between adjacent Paneth cells in the same crypt and between Paneth cells in adjacent crypts, as well as between Paneth cell populations of different animals. No staining of rat Paneth cells was detected using antisera specific for the heavy chain of immunoglobulins G or M. The specific staining of Paneth cells for immunoglobulin A and light chain antigens was blocked by absorption of each antiserum with its respective purified antigen. Absorption of these antisera with purified rat lysozyme did not affect staining and thereby eliminated the possibility of immunologic cross-reactivity between lysozyme and immunoglobulin antigens. It is suggested, in light of current concepts of Paneth cell function, that the immunoglobulin staining of Paneth cells may reflect their ability to phagocytize immunoglobulin A-coated microorganisms or immune complexes containing immunoglobulin A.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Gastric acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer and benign gastric outlet obstruction.

With the standard dose of histamine acid phosphate 40 microgram/kg body weight, the peak and maximal acid outputs were calculated in 102 patients with uncomplicated duodenal ulcer disease, forty-seven controls and forty-seven patients with benign gastric outlet obstruction. The results obtained for maximal acid output showed significant differences between the control group and the other two groups separately. These figures are much lower than values from Western countries, but similar to those reported from studies in non-Caucasians.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Tuberculosis of the abdomen in Ibadan: a clinico-pathological review.

An account is given of the age distribution and clinical features of 178 patients suffering from abdominal tuberculosis who were treated in the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. The importance of peritoneal biopsy and laparotomy in diagnosis is discussed. The main findings at necropsy are described. The importance of early diagnosis is stressed.

Adolescent↗