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Biomedical subjects

E A Klein

Publications and source records attributed to E A Klein.

119 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetics of transitional cell carcinoma.

Several models of genetic events which define the origin and progression of human tumors have been elucidated over the last several years. These models suggest that the study of tumors at the level of both the chromosome and the gene can be useful in elucidating molecular events in tumor progression and in determining the biologic behavior of individual tumors. The genetics of transitional cell carcinomas are reviewed with emphasis on potential mechanisms of tumorigenicity and the clinical utility of genetic markers.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
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Options in the surgical treatment of bladder cancer.

In general, bladder cancers may be divided into two classes: superficial and invasive. Superficial cancers can be treated without systemic chemotherapy or radical surgery. However, until recently, treatment of invasive cancers usually involved removal of the bladder and construction of an ileal conduit. Newer methods of treatment focus on preservation and reconstruction. In this article, surgical procedures that incorporate these goals and other treatment options, specifically chemotherapy and radiation therapy, are discussed, and the individual needs of patients are emphasized.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stomal complications of intestinal conduit urinary diversion.

Intestinal conduits of the ileum, colon, or jejunum were used for urinary diversion in 319 patients at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation between 1970 and 1981 due to pelvic malignancy , primary bladder cancer, or benign conditions. End stomas were constructed in 65% and Turnbull loop stomas in 35%. Follow-up ranged from one to 152 months (median, 35 months). The mean number of days between appliance changes was 5.7 (range, 2-10). The overall complication rate was 8.5%. Stomal revisions were required in 5%. There were no significant differences in the mean number of days between appliance changes, type or number of complications, or rate of revision between end and loop stomas or between the various intestinal segments used for diversion. The presence or absence of previous irradiation and the indication for diversion were independent of complications. Stomas constructed from any segment of the intestinal tract in end or loop fashion yielded equivalent long-term function and complication rates. Stomal complications can be minimized and the time between appliance changes maximized by careful attention to all phases of stomal construction and care.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prostate cancer: current concepts in diagnosis and treatment.

Improvements in early detection, staging, and treatment of prostate cancer were seen during the last decade, yet prostate cancer continues to account for significant morbidity and mortality in older men. Current diagnostic and staging techniques, surgical and nonsurgical therapy, operative complications, palliative care, and the role of screening are reviewed.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An update on prostate cancer.

As screening for prostate cancer has become more common, the issues surrounding its diagnosis and treatment have grown more complex. This review surveys recent advances and controversies, including definition of risk factors, the role of screening, and current treatment strategies.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prominent white matter cavitation in an infant with Alexander's disease.

The clinical history and autopsy findings are reported on a case of infantile Alexander's disease (AD). The patient, a white baby girl, developed seizures at age 4 months accompanied by internal hydrocephalus. She died at age 11 months following a progressive, downhill course of profound psychomotor retardation, recurrent seizures and cachexia. The general autopsy was remarkable for cachexia. The formalin fixed brain and spinal cord were studied by light and electron microscopy (EM). The brain was normal in weight for age but showed diffuse pallor of white matter and marked cavitation involving the cerebral and cerebellar subcortical white matter, most profound in the frontal lobes. Microscopically the CNS showed classic features of AD with diffuse paucity of myelin and massive proliferation of astrocytes bearing Rosenthal fibers (RF). The latter appeared as granular osmiophilic deposits associated with 8-10 nm filaments within astrocytic processes and cell bodies by EM. This case of AD is remarkable for the extreme degree of cavitation. Cavitary changes affect up to one third of typical cases of AD and are invariably present in the frontal white matter. Affected patients are generally much younger and have a shorter clinical course than AD patients without brain cavitation. The dysmyelination of AD inversely parallels the temporal sequence of normal myelination and suggests a relative resistance of early myelinated structures to the presumed astrocytic defect causing AD. Adults with de novo formation of RF's in the CNS have a varied clinical and pathological appearance, rarely show brain cavitation and should probably be distinguished from classic AD in children.

Astrocytes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Opportunistic infections of the central nervous system in children with HIV infection: report of 9 autopsy cases and review of literature.

Central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities attributed to direct effects of HIV infection are seen in most of children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Secondary CNS infections with opportunistic and common pathogens are infrequent in this age group. We report 9 cases of opportunistic infection of the CNS found among 65 autopsy cases of pediatric AIDS. These included 4 cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, 1 of which was associated with aspergillosis, and 2 cases of candidiasis, 1 of which coexisted with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) infection. There were also 2 cases of leptomeningitis, 1 due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and the other to Cryptococcus neoformans. In 1 child progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) coexisted with mycotic encephalitis caused by an Aspergillus sp.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗