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E A Edwards

Publications and source records attributed to E A Edwards.

95 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
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Effects of crowding of mice on humoral antibody formation and protection to lethal antigenic challenge.

The effects of grouping (crowding) on humoral antibody response to typhoid paratyphoid vaccine and subsequent protection from a minimal lethal challenge dose of Salmonella typhimurium were studied in white Swiss-Webster mice. The data show a trend between the degree of crowding and antibody response. Geometric mean titers of high density grouped mice were significantly lower than the geometric mean titers of the less crowded mice. Also, there were significantly less antibody responders in the high density grouped mice than in the less crowded mice. However, challenged with a minimal LD50 dose of Salmonella thphimurium, no deaths occurred in the immunized study group, regardless of measurable antibody level. In the nonimmunized controls, which were under the same stressor conditions, there was a significant difference between the level of crowding and death to challenge. The data show that nonimmunized mice in this study exhibited a marked increase in susceptibility to an infectious agent when under the stressor effect of crowding.

Animals↗
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The effects of sequential combined oral 17beta-estradiol norethisterone acetate on insulin sensitivity and body composition in healthy postmenopausal women: a randomized single blind placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: The androgenic effect of progestogen, necessary in early postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT), may adversely affect insulin sensitivity as well as body fat distribution and thereby increase the cardiovascular risk profile. The impact of HRT with sequential combined oral 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone acetate on insulin sensitivity and body composition in early menopause has not been studied. DESIGN: A randomized single blind placebo-controlled 6-month study of sequential combined 17beta-estradiol norethisterone acetate on insulin sensitivity and body composition was carried out. Thirty fit healthy postmenopausal women were enrolled and completed this 6-month study. Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanning, and insulin sensitivity was measured using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Studies were undertaken at baseline and after 6 months of therapy. The studies were performed during the estrogen-only phase of therapy. RESULTS: All women demonstrated a degree of decreased insulin sensitivity that was not modified by 6 months of hormone replacement therapy. Body composition remained unchanged over 6 months. There was no alteration in total body fat or the distribution of body fat. The percentage of central abdominal fat (android) was not altered. CONCLUSION: Six months of HRT with sequential combined oral 17beta-estradiol norethisterone acetate does not have an adverse effect on insulin sensitivity and does not promote an increase in weight or the more android distribution of body fat, which could contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk profile that is evident in postmenopausal women.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗