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Biomedical subjects

Dheeraj Shah

Publications and source records attributed to Dheeraj Shah.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Breastfeeding a baby with mother on Bromocripine.

Prolactinomas, the most common pituitary adenomas, are important causes of infertility. Bromocriptine remains the treatment of choice for managing hyperprolactinemia in most of these cases. Breastfeeding in mothers receiving bromocriptine is often doubtful and matter of concern for most people. Here we report a case, where by timely intervention and skilled counseling, exclusive breastfeeding could be established in a mother receiving bromocriptine for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Zinc deficiency in pregnancy and fetal outcome.

Maternal zinc deficiency during pregnancy has been related to adverse effects on progeny, and there are data showing that mild to moderate zinc deficiency (as assessed by available indicators) is quite common in the developing world. Observational data relating zinc deficiency to adverse fetal outcome have produced conflicting results, mainly because of the lack of a valid indicator of zinc deficiency in pregnancy. Studies of human pregnancy and zinc supplementation, including those from developing countries, have failed to document a consistent beneficial effect on fetal growth, duration of gestation, and early neonatal survival. Preliminary results from unpublished studies in developing countries have also proven to be discouraging. However, recent data and some preliminary findings indicate a beneficial effect of maternal zinc supplementation on neonatal immune status and infant morbidity from infectious diseases, and there is also preliminary evidence that, zinc supplementation may prevent congenital malformations (cleft lip/palate). With respect to neurobehavioral development, the evidence is conflicting, with only one study reporting a positive outcome. More research is required to assess the benefits of the large-scale introduction of zinc supplementation during pregnancy on congenital malformations, immune functions, neurobehavior, and overall neonatal survival in countries where zinc deficiency is a problem. Currently available information does not support the routine use of zinc supplementation to improve pregnancy outcome.

Cognition↗
PubMed2006

What is submitted and what gets accepted in Indian Pediatrics: analysis of submissions, review process, decision making, and criteria for rejection.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the characteristics of the manuscripts submitted to the Indian Pediatrics; attributes of the peer-review process and decision-making; and factors associated with their acceptance or rejection. METHODS: All submissions to Indian Pediatrics during 2002 were analyzed by a retrospective review of records. Manuscripts were categorized by their place of origin (Indian vs. foreign), geographic region of India (north, south, east, west, central), submitting institution (teaching vs. non-teaching), subject (general pediatrics, systemic pediatrics, neonatology, genetic syndrome, allied sub-specialities, etc.), and type of article (research paper, case report, images, letter to editor, review, etc.). Manuscript details were recorded in a database that also included information on peer reviewer assignment, editorial and reviewer comments, and final disposition of the manuscript. Characteristics of accepted and rejected manuscripts were compared. RESULTS: Indian Pediatrics received 687 manuscripts for consideration in the year 2002; mostly from Indian authors (89%). Maximum contributions were received from North India (236, 39%) followed by 165 (27%) from South, 95 (16%) from West, 90 (15%) from Central and 26 (4%) from Eastern part of India. Of 687 papers, 457 (66%) articles qualified for peer review. Agreement between the reviewers was not significantly greater than that expected by chance; kappa for inter-rater agreement was 0.35, 0.17 and 0.21 between any two sets of reviewers for 431, 228 and 203 articles, respectively (P < 0.005). Of 687 submitted manuscripts, 294(43%) were accepted, 347(50%) were rejected and no decision was possible on 46(7%) manuscripts. The top reasons for rejection were 'absence of a message', 'lack of originality', 'inadequate methods', 'not relevant to journal', 'over-interpretation of results', 'unsatisfactory writing style', 'inaccurate/inconsistent/insufficient data', and 'inappropriate statistical analysis', in that order. Median number of days (IQR) needed to reach the final decision was 81 (25-210) d; ranging from 8 (3-29.5) d for Images to 180 (90-341) d for Research papers. No preference for acceptance was noted for foreign articles, geographic region of India, type of institution, or a particular topic, on both univariate and multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Indian Pediatrics is receiving contributions from all over India. Majority of the manuscripts are peer-reviewed. Of every 10 articles submitted, almost 4 are accepted. Median time interval from submission to final decision is less than 3 months. The decision-making is not influenced by the place of origin of manuscript.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed2005

Camptomelic dysplasia: prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound.

We report a case of camptomelic dysplasia, an extremely rare lethal congenital bony dysplasia with an incidence of about 2 per million live births. Diagnosis was made antenatally at a gestational age of about 25 weeks by sonographic demonstration of anterior bowing of long bones, hypoplastic scapulae, bilateral talipes equinovarus, and normally ossified unfractured ribs. The mother elected to terminate the pregnancy, and the diagnosis was confirmed on clinical and radiographic examination of the fetus. Radiological features and differential diagnoses of this entity are discussed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2005

Meropenem.

Meropenem is a new carbapenem antibacterial agent with wide spectrum of activity against gram-negative, gram-positive and anaerobic organisms. It is stable against most beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative bacteria and has greatest utility in treating severe infections in hospitalized children. It has good CSF penetrability and useful in treatment of childhood meningitis and infections in neutropenic children. Due to concern relating to emergence of resistance, it should be used as a reserve drug in difficult-to-treat infections caused by resistant organisms or when conventional treatment fails.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2004

Maternal micronutrients and fetal outcome.

Maternal micronutrient deficiency has been related to adverse fetal effects. It is believed that micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy may improve fetal and neonatal outcome. Despite biological plausibility, the evidence base for individual micronutrient benefit on neonatal morbidity, mortality, growth and development is patchy and often contradictory, except for the role of folic acid in prevention of neural tube defects. Single micronutrient supplementation interventions have not been shown to consistently affect size at birth or duration of gestation. Sound evidence is generally lacking that micronutrient supplementation can reduce infection-related adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, preliminary data suggests that antenatal zinc supplements may cause reduction in later diarrheal and infectious morbidity in infants. The evidence linking maternal micronutrient deficiency to children's cognitive and motor functioning also lacks a clear consensus except for iodine in endemic areas. There is a pressing need for good quality randomized controlled trials evaluating food based and multiple micronutrient interventions in pregnancy and preconceptually. Future studies should also evaluate the effect on body composition and metabolism along with the functional consequences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Nutritional problems in urban slum children.

Nutritional problems like protein energy malnutrition (PEM), anemia and vitamin A deficiency continue to plague a large proportion of Indian children. The diets and nutritional status of urban slum children in India is far away from being satisfactory. The nutritional status of slum children is worst amongst all urban groups and is even poorer than the rural average. Urban migration has not provided them salvation from poverty and undernutrition. Another distressing feature is the lack of any significant improvement over the years in this population. Most common causes of malnutrition include faulty infant feeding practices, impaired utilization of nutrients due to infections and parasites, inadequate food and health security, poor environmental conditions and lack of proper child care practices. High prevalence of malnutrition among young children is also due to lack of awareness and knowledge regarding their food requirements and absence of a responsible adult care giver. With increasing urban migration in the years ahead, the problem of malnutrition in urban slums will also acquire increasing dimension unless special efforts are initiated to mitigate the health and nutrition problems of the urban poor. Improving nutritional status of urban poor requires a more direct, more focused, and more integrated strategy.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Secular change in newborn adiposity in an urban hospital.

Triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness were measured in 1080 consecutive newborns and the values were compared with an earlier study reported in 1981 from the same institution. The skinfold thickness in the present study was higher at all gestational age groups (except for 41 weeks) in both sexes. These differences were statistically significant at all periods except for males at 38 weeks and females at 39 weeks. For term infants, the mean skin fold thickness (subscapular and triceps) was significantly higher among both males (3.5 mm vs 4.0 mm; p< 0.05) and females (3.9 mm vs. 4.2 mm; p <0.05). The subscapular skin fold thickness in both males and females and triceps skin fold thickness in females were also significantly higher for all birthweight categories. The data suggests an increase in adiposity among newborns, over a period of two decades, in an urban poor population.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2004

VACTERL association with Prune-Belly syndrome.

We report a term, small for gestational age neonate having full spectrum of VACTERL association. In addition, the neonate also had triad of signs and symptoms associated with prune belly syndrome. The concurrence of these two syndromes could lie in their common etiology of defect in mesodermal differentiation. Such a combination is extremely rare and is generally incompatible with life.

Anus, Imperforate↗