Dendritic cells in leukemia and lymphoma.
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Antigen-Presenting Cells↗
Biomedical subjects
Derek Hart
Publications and source records attributed to Derek Hart.
CD molecules 2005: human cell differentiation molecules.
The immune system works through leukocytes interacting with each other, with other cells, with tissue matrices, with infectious agents, and with other antigens. These interactions are mediated by cell-surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. Antibodies against these leukocyte molecules have provided powerful tools for analysis of their structure, function, and distribution. Antibodies have been used widely in hematology, immunology, and pathology, and in research, diagnosis, and therapy. The associated CD nomenclature is commonly used when referring to leukocyte surface molecules and antibodies against them. It provides an essential classification for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The most recent (8th) Workshop and Conference on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens (HLDA), held in Adelaide, Australia, in December 2004, allocated 95 new CD designations and made radical changes to its aims and future operational strategy in order to maintain its relevance to modern human biology and clinical practice.
Antigens, CD↗
Either interleukin-12 or interferon-gamma can correct the dendritic cell defect induced by transforming growth factor beta in patients with myeloma.
The poor response to immunotherapy in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) indicates that a better understanding of any defects in the immune response in these patients is required before effective therapeutic strategies can be developed. Recently we reported that high potency (CMRF44(+)) dendritic cells (DC) in the peripheral blood of patients with MM failed to significantly up-regulate the expression of the B7 co-stimulatory molecules, CD80 and CD86, in response to an appropriate signal from soluble trimeric human CD40 ligand. This defect was caused by transforming growth factor beta(1) (TGFbeta(1)) and interleukin (IL)-10, produced by malignant plasma cells, and the defect was neutralized in vitro with anti-TGFbeta(1). As this defect could impact on immunotherapeutic strategies and may be a major cause of the failure of recent trials, it was important to identify a more clinically useful agent that could correct the defect in vivo. In this study of 59 MM patients, the relative and absolute numbers of blood DC were only significantly decreased in patients with stage III disease and CD80 up-regulation was reduced in both stage I and stage III. It was demonstrated that both IL-12 and interferon-gamma neutralized the failure to stimulate CD80 up-regulation by huCD40LT in vitro. IL-12 did not cause a change in the distribution of DC subsets that were predominantly myeloid (CD11c+ and CDw123-) suggesting that there would be a predominantly T-helper cell type response. The addition of IL-12 or interferon-gamma to future immunotherapy trials involving these patients should be considered.
B7-1 Antigen↗
CD antigens 2002.
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Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Reference: CD Antigens 2002.
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Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Technology evaluation: APC-80200, Dendreon.
APC-80200 (Mylovenge) has been developed for the treatment of B-cell malignancies and is currently in phase II clinical trials as a therapeutic vaccine for patients with advanced multiple myeloma. This vaccine candidate appears to be of particular benefit in patients who have received high-dose chemotherapy to reduce tumor load following stem cell rescue. APC-80200 is also being tested in patients with amyloidosis.
Cancer Vaccines↗