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Biomedical subjects

David Owens

Publications and source records attributed to David Owens.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

The effect of parental expressed emotion on glycaemic control in children with Type 1 diabetes. Parental expressed emotion and glycaemic control in children.

OBJECTIVE: To measure expressed emotion (EE) in parents of young children with diabetes and to examine the relation between EE and glycaemic control in children with Type 1 diabetes in a longitudinal study over 24 months. We hypothesised that good glycaemic control, as measured by low glycated haemoglobin levels, would be predicted by high parental emotional over-involvement, low frequency of critical comments and absence of hostility. We predicted that these effects would be stronger in maternal than paternal scores. METHODS: Forty-seven children attending a Paediatric Diabetes Clinic and their parents were studied over 24 months. Glycated haemoglobin was measured on three occasions, at the start of the study period, 12 and 24 months later. At 12 months, parental EE was measured using an adapted version of the Camberwell Family Interview, and child emotional and behavioural problems were measured using the parent version of the Child Behavior Checklist. Multiple regression models were used to test the hypotheses. RESULTS: Forty-three maternal and 33 paternal interviews of adequate quality for analysis were obtained. Paternal hostility was found to be associated with elevated glycated haemoglobin measured 12 months before interview and 12 months after interview, accounting for 22% and 29% of the variation in glycated haemoglobin respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find that parental emotional over-involvement or criticism predicted glycaemic control. Presence of hostility was important, but in contrast to our hypothesis, this was paternal rather than maternal hostility. We suggest that (i) relatively absent, rejecting fathers play little role in diabetes management and children perceive this negatively, or (ii) mothers who are unsupported by fathers cannot in turn support their children in diabetes care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Problems reported by self-harm patients: perception, hopelessness, and suicidal intent.

OBJECTIVE: Research suggests that problem-solving therapy may be an effective intervention following self-harm. This study determines the relation between self-harm patients' perceptions of their problems and their expressions of hopelessness and suicidal intent. METHOD: One hundred fifty patients admitted to a district hospital following self-harm were asked questions about the type and perceived solubility of their problems. In addition, in each case, the patient completed a Beck's hopelessness scale and a psychiatrist completed a Beck's suicidal intent scale. RESULTS: 66% of patients, and more of the males than of the females, recorded at least one problem that they believed to be insoluble; such problems were most often in the area of relationships. Patients who reported insoluble problems experienced higher levels of hopelessness and more suicidal intent. There was significant correlation among the number of insoluble problems, hopelessness, and suicidal intent. CONCLUSIONS: People who undertake self-harm report insoluble relationship problems. When assessing hopelessness and suicidal intent in self-harm patients, clinicians should ask about perception of insoluble problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Fatal and non-fatal repetition of self-harm. Systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Non-fatal self-harm frequently leads to non-fatal repetition and sometimes to suicide. We need to quantify these two outcomes of self-harm to help us to develop and test effective interventions. AIMS: To estimate rates of fatal and non-fatal repetition of self-harm. METHOD: A systematic review of published follow-up data, from observational and experimental studies. Four electronic databases were searched and 90 studies met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Eighty per cent of studies found were undertaken in Europe, over one-third in the UK. Median proportions for repetition 1 year later were: 16% non-fatal and 2% fatal; after more than 9 years, around 7% of patients had died by suicide. The UK studies found particularly low rates of subsequent suicide. CONCLUSIONS: After 1 year, non-fatal repetition rates are around 15%. The strong connection between self-harm and later suicide lies somewhere between 0.5% and 2% after 1 year and above 5% after 9 years. Suicide risk among self-harm patients is hundreds of times higher than in the general population.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the Washington State National Pharmaceutical Stockpile dispensing exercise: Part I--Patient volunteer findings.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Pharmaceutical Stockpile (NPS) program is designed to ensure the availability of life-saving antibiotics, other medical supplies, and equipment and their prompt delivery to the site of a disaster, including a possible bioterrorist incident, anywhere in the United States. On January 24, 2002, the Washington State Department of Health conducted an exercise, simulating a mass exposure to Bacillis anthracis, to test the NPS dispensing portion of the Washington State plan. This drill included the recruitment, education, and postexposure prophylaxis of over 230 volunteer patients. This article describes and discusses findings from an exit survey completed by these patient volunteers.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the Washington State National Pharmaceutical Stockpile dispensing exercise, part II--dispensary site worker findings.

On January 24, 2002, the Washington State Department of Health, in collaboration with local and federal agencies, conducted an exercise of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Pharmaceutical Stockpile dispensing portion of the Washington State plan. This exercise included predrill planning, training, and the orchestration of services of more than 40 dispensary site workers. These workers provided education and post-exposure prophylaxis for over 230 patient volunteers in the aftermath of a simulated exposure to B. anthracis. This article discusses findings of a postdrill questionnaire completed by 90% of these dispensary site workers who provided triage, education, dispensary, security and other services during this exercise. In general, this dispensing drill promoted confidence in the worker participants and provided an opportunity for these participants to coordinate their activities. This mock bioterrorist preparedness exercise allowed worker participants and observers to review and evaluate the Washington State plan for dispensing the National Pharmaceutical Stockpile. This article is apparently the first published account of dispensary site workers' subjective impressions and quantitative analysis of their postdrill opinions following a simulated bioterrorist post-exposure chemoprophylaxis dispensing exercise.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗