Association of herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP8 and ICP27 proteins with cellular RNA polymerase II holoenzyme.
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection causes the shutoff of host gene transcription and the induction of a transcriptional program of viral gene expression. Cellular RNA polymerase II is responsible for transcription of all the viral genes, but several viral proteins stimulate viral gene transcription. ICP4 is required for all delayed-early and late gene transcription, ICP0 stimulates transcription of viral genes, and ICP27 stimulates expression of some early genes and transcription of at least some late viral genes. The early DNA-binding protein, ICP8, also stimulates late gene transcription. We therefore investigated which HSV proteins interact with RNA polymerase II. Using immunoprecipitation and Western blotting methods, we observed the coprecipitation of ICP27 and ICP8 with RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. The association of ICP27 with RNA polymerase II was detectable as early as 3 h postinfection, while ICP8 association became evident by 5 h postinfection, and the association of both was independent of viral DNA synthesis. Infections with ICP27 gene mutant viruses revealed that ICP27 is required for the association of ICP8 with RNA polymerase II, while studies with ICP8 gene deletion mutants showed no apparent role for ICP8 in the association of ICP27 with RNA polymerase II. The association of ICP27 and ICP8 with RNA polymerase II holoenzyme appeared to be independent of nucleic acids. We hypothesize that the interaction of ICP27 with RNA polymerase II holoenzyme reflects its role in stimulating early and late gene expression and/or its role in inhibiting host transcription and that the interaction of ICP8 with RNA polymerase II holoenzyme reflects its role in stimulating late gene transcription.