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Biomedical subjects

David M Klurfeld

Publications and source records attributed to David M Klurfeld.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Women participating in a dietary intervention trial maintain dietary changes without much effect on household members.

This study examined whether subjects who participated in a 12-mo intervention would maintain their diets 1 yr after the study ended and whether the diets of household members were affected. Premenopausal women, who had at least one first-degree relative with breast cancer (n = 122), were randomized to one of four diets: control, low fat (15% of energy), high fruit and vegetable (FV, nine servings per day), and combination low fat, high FV. Study subjects and one household member were asked to complete the Block '95 food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline, 1 yr, and 2 yr. Study subjects also completed 24-h recalls and 4-day food records at baseline and Year 1. Fat and FV intakes by all three assessment methods compared reasonably well except that fat intakes by FFQ were somewhat higher. FV intakes by FFQ in the high-FV and combination arms increased significantly from 4 servings per day to about 10 servings per day at Year 1 and 7 servings per day at Year 2. FV intakes increased much more modestly in the low-fat and control arms. Fat intakes in the low-fat and combination arms were lower at Year 1 than Year 2, but mean Year 2 fat intakes of 26-28% were still significantly lower than those at baseline. In household members, the only significant change was a small decrease in energy from fat at Year 1 in the household members of subjects who were in the combination arm. These results indicate that study subjects were making large dietary changes independently of their household members and that fat and FV intakes in study subjects 1 yr after intervention stopped were still substantially different from intakes at baseline.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Night eating syndrome: evaluation of two screening instruments.

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether night eating syndrome was associated with treatment outcomes during a brief weight loss intervention for self-identified night snackers, and to evaluate the diagnostic utility of a screening question and the Night Eating Syndrome Questionnaire (NESQ) for the detection of night eating syndrome. Participants enrolled in a 4-week randomized clinical trial for obese and overweight persons who self-identified as night snackers were administered a structured clinical interview, a night eating screening question, and the NESQ. Treatment outcomes included adherence and weight loss. Results showed that night eating syndrome diagnoses were not associated with treatment outcomes. The screening question had adequate sensitivity but poor specificity. The night eating questionnaire was positively correlated with increasingly stringent definitions of night eating syndrome. Night eating syndrome is not the equivalent of night snacking. The definition of night eating syndrome must be expanded to include a sleep disturbance component accompanied by night eating.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Evening ready-to-eat cereal consumption contributes to weight management.

OBJECTIVES: Post dinner snacking may constitute a significant proportion of total daily energy intake and contribute to overweight and obesity in some individuals (night snackers). This study tested the hypothesis that providing a structured snack in the form of a "ready-to-eat" breakfast cereal would help regulate excess energy intake and contribute to weight loss in night snackers. METHODS: Adults (18 to 65 years of age, BMI kg/m2 > or = 25), with self-reported night snacking behaviors, were randomized into a cereal group (CR) and a no-cereal group (NC). During a period of 4 weeks, the cereal group was instructed to consume a serving of ready-to-eat cereal with low-fat milk 90 minutes after their evening meal. Concurrently, the non-cereal group continued their regular diet ad libitum. RESULTS: At baseline, there were no significant differences between groups for age, body weight, body mass index, daily caloric intake, or evening caloric intake. There was a correlation between number of days of compliance with post-dinner cereal consumption and weight loss (r = -0.36, p = 0.057). After 4 weeks, the compliant subjects (cereal intake > or = 20 d) lost -1.85 +/- 3.56 lbs vs. -0.39 +/- 3.1 lb for the NC group (p = 0.06). Compared to baseline, the compliant CR group reduced their total daily caloric intake by -396.50 +/- 641.6 kcal (p < 0.02), whereas, the NC group experienced a reduction of -23.22 +/- 889.60 kcal/day during the same period (p = ns). Reduction in post-dinner calorie intake for the compliant CR group was significantly greater compared to the NC group (-141.74 +/- 385.58 kcal vs. 85.82 +/- 374.70 kcal; p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: Eating ready-to-eat cereal after the evening meal may attenuate caloric intake in night snackers and promote weight loss in compliant individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Effects of low-fat and/or high-fruit-and-vegetable diets on plasma levels of 8-isoprostane-F2alpha in the Nutrition and Breast Health study.

Dietary patterns that involve both a decrease in fat and an increase in fruit and vegetable (FV) intake may decrease cancer risks. In this study, a total of 122 premenopausal women with a family history of breast cancer were randomized into one of four diets for 12 mo: nonintervention, low-fat (15% of energy from fat), high-FV(9 servings/d), and combination low-fat/high-FV Fasting blood samples were obtained at baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 mo. Levels of 8-isoprostane-F2a in plasma were deter-mined by immunoassay kits. Statistical analyses indicated that levels of 8-isoprostane-F2a decreased significantly with time in the low-fat arm, which is the only intervention that resulted in weight loss; there were no significant changes in the other three diet arms. It is unlikely that this is due to changes in levels of blood lipids because there was little change overtime in plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein,low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or triglyceride levels in any diet arm, although mean LDL did decrease slightly in women who reduced fat intake after adjustment for change in body mass index (BMI). Levels of baseline 8-isoprostane-F2a were significantly higher in obese women than in overweight or normal weight women, and change in BMI was significantly correlated with change in 8-isoprostane-F2a levels. These results indicate that low-fat diets or high-FV diets are unlikely to affect plasma levels of 8-isoprostane-F2a in healthy,premenopausal women who do not lose weight during dietary change.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Methods to increase fruit and vegetable intake with and without a decrease in fat intake: compliance and effects on body weight in the nutrition and breast health study.

Dietary patterns that involve a decrease in fat and an increase in fruit and vegetable (FV) intake have been suggested to decrease cancer risks. In this study, intervention methods to selectively modify dietary fat and/or FV intakes were developed. Compliance to the diets and the effects on body weight are shown, because both of these dietary changes can impact on and be confounded by changes in energy intake. A total of 122 women with a family history of breast cancer were randomized onto one of four diets for 12 mo. Counseling methods were devised to increase amount and variety of FV consumed with or without a decrease in fat intake using modified exchange list diets. Women on the low-fat and combination low-fat/high-FV diet arms decreased their fat intakes to approximately 16% of energy. Women on the high-FV and the combination low-fat/high-FV diet arms increased FV intakes to approximately 11 servings/day. Despite counseling efforts to maintain baseline energy intakes, mean body weight increased significantly by 6 pounds in women in the high-FV diet arm and decreased significantly by 5 pounds in women in the low-fat diet arm. Percent body fat also was increased in the high-FV diet arm and decreased in the low-fat diet arm. Body weight and percent body fat in the combination diet arm did not change significantly. Control of energy intake, therefore, appears to have been achieved only when the addition of FV to the diet was balanced by a decrease in fat intake and both dietary components were enumerated daily. Maintenance of energy intake, therefore, did not appear to be attained intrinsically when individuals were counseled to make changes in the composition of their diets.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of a post-dinner snack and partial meal replacement program on weight loss.

The objectives of this study were to examine whether providing a structured post-dinner snack would enhance weight loss among obese night snackers participating in a novel partial meal replacement (PMR) program and to examine the efficacy of that program. Sixty adults (age 18-65 years; body mass index >or=30 kg/m2), 29 randomized to the 'post-dinner snack' and 32 to the 'no snack' groups, completed the 8-week program. Both groups showed improvements in weight (-4.23 kg, P < 0.0001), body mass index (-1.48 kg/m2, P < 0.0001), body fat (-1.36%, P < 00.0001), waist circumference (-6.40 cm, P < 0.0001), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (-2.72 mmol/l, P < 0.01), and on a night snacking question (-1.31, P < 0.0001). The 'post-dinner snack' group did not show significantly greater weight loss outcomes than the 'no snack' group either before or after taking compliance into consideration. Providing a structured post-dinner snack along with a PMR program did not enhance weight loss treatment outcomes; however, the PMR program produced beneficial weight loss changes for obese night snackers.

Adolescent↗