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Biomedical subjects

D Wyatt

Publications and source records attributed to D Wyatt.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Transient hypoglycemia with hyperinsulinemia in a newborn infant with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome.

A newborn boy with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome who had profound neonatal hypoglycemia is presented. The infant was a discordant fraternal twin with intrauterine growth retardation. The hypoglycemia was due to transient hyperinsulinemia, a condition often seen in small-for-gestational-age infants. Neonatal hypoglycemia may be common in infants with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, especially if they also have intrauterine growth retardation.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of a hydrocolloid dressing and silver sulfadiazine cream in the outpatient management of second-degree burns.

The purpose of this prospective randomized study was to evaluate the use of an occlusive hydrocolloid dressing (Duoderm hydroactive, Squibb) and silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene, Marion) cream in the outpatient management of second-degree burns. The inclusion criteria consisted of burns less than 15% total body surface area that were evaluated within 24 hours of injury and did not require hospital admission. Fifty patients were randomly assigned after having been screened through a list of seven exclusion criteria. On initial evaluation the burns were photographed and screened for causative agent, location, size, depth, tetanus status, and presence of associated burns and injuries. Patients were seen in followup at least biweekly and evaluated for wound bed healing, wound margin healing, pain, number of dressing changes between visits, and ease of dressing application and removal. On final evaluation the burns were photographed and inspected for appearance of the healed burn, repigmentation, wound contraction, approximate time for dressing change, patient compliance, limitation of activity, overall impression of the treatment, and number of days for complete healing. Results were compared using a two-tailed t-test with p less than 0.01. Both groups were statistically similar in age, sex, and size. Duoderm-treated burns had statistically significantly better wound healing, repigmentation, less pain, fewer dressing changes, less time for dressing changes, and less cost. Duoderm-treated patients had statistically significantly less limitation of activity, better patient compliance, greater patient comfort, better overall acceptance, and felt the treatment was more aesthetically pleasing. The results reveal that the Duoderm Hydroactive dressings are superior to Silvadene cream in the outpatient management of second-degree burns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Human monocytes selectively bind to cells expressing the tumorigenic phenotype.

The characteristics of the binding of human monocytes to tumor cells were studied by a newly developed microassay. First, we determined the kinetics and optimal conditions of the binding. Monocytes recognized and bound to tumor cells very rapidly within 10-20 min of cellular interaction. Binding was also more efficient at 37 degrees C suggesting that active metabolism of monocytes is required. Second, we determined that selective binding of monocytes to cells with tumorigenic phenotypes occurs. For this purpose, lymphocytic leukemia cell lines versus normal lymphocytes, and tumorigenic versus nontumorigenic hybrids from the same parental lines were compared as the targets of the binding assay. In both cases, neoplastic cells were selectively bound by monocytes. Although tumor cells were bound rapidly and selectively by monocytes, initial recognition and binding did not necessarily lead to subsequent tumor cell lysis. This is based on the observation that some tumorigenic parental and hybrid lines were avidly bound by monocytes yet not subsequently killed in a cytotoxicity assay.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1986

Activation or suppression of the tumoricidal properties of monocytes from cancer patients following treatment with human recombinant gamma-interferon.

The purpose of these studies was to examine the antitumor properties of blood monocytes from patients undergoing phase I trials with recombinant human gamma-interferon (rIFN-gamma). Thirty-one patients with different malignancies were divided into three major treatment groups. The first group of patients received rIFN-gamma by a 6-h i.v. infusion. Activation of blood monocytes was dependent upon the dose of rIFN-gamma administered. The second group of patients received IFN-gamma by a continuous 24-h i.v. infusion. In general, this treatment did not produce antitumor activity in blood monocytes. The third group of patients received daily i.m. injections of rIFN-gamma. Daily i.m. administrations of 0.25-0.5 mg rIFN-gamma/m2/day produced significant activation of antitumor properties in the patients' monocytes, whereas the daily i.m. administrations of 1 mg IFN-gamma/m2/day did not. In fact, the blood monocytes from these patients did not even respond to optimal activating stimuli in vitro. We conclude that the systemic administration of appropriate amounts of IFN-gamma can activate blood monocytes of cancer patients to become tumor cytotoxic. High doses of the same biological should be avoided since it can actually suppress the desired effect. For biologicals with immunostimulatory activity the concept that "more drug is better" may not be operative.

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

A serum independent medium effective in all aspects of hybridoma technology and immunological applications.

KC 2000 TM is a serum-free medium designed and developed for use in all phases of hybridoma technology providing maximum growth and antibody production. This unique medium provides consistent results as its performance is not affected by variation found in serum. In addition, the use of KC 2000 TM reduces the risk of contamination of cultures by mycoplasma and viruses which may be present in low concentrations in serum. Antibody production and assays are performed in KC 2000 TM without high concentrations of interfering proteins. Only those proteins necessary to produce maximum performance in all hybridoma applications are present (250 micrograms protein/ml). Extensive testing has shown that this serum-free medium yields maximum results in all aspects of hybridoma technology, including the generation of antibody secreting hybridomas, as well as their subcloning. With a single exception, all cell lines tested could be transferred directly from medium containing serum into KC 2000 TM. Consistent growth and antibody production was maintained during subsequent passaging of these cells. These results show that KC 2000 TM is unique among serum-free media as it is the only serum-free medium that can be successfully utilized in the selection of HAT-resistant hybrid cell clones after use of a single type of medium throughout the entire process of development and maintenance of hybridoma cell lines.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

M&B 28,767: a potent anti-secretory and anti-ulcer PG analogue. A comparative study with 16, 16' dimethyl PGE2 methylester.

M&B 28,767 [(+/-)11-deoxy-16-phenoxy-omega-tetranor PGE1] and 16, 16'-dimethyl PGE2 methylester (DMPG) were compared for their effects on gastric acid secretion (GAS) and gastric ulceration (GU), employing various laboratory models. In anaesthetised rats, GAS was stimulated by a continuous i.v. infusion of pentagastrin (30 micrograms/kg/h), and PG analogues were perfused through the stomach for 1 h. M&B 28,767 (3-15 micrograms/kg/h) and DMPG (3-60 micrograms/kg/h) reduced GAS in a dose-related manner, the ED50 values being 4 and 15 micrograms/kg/h respectively. In conscious rats possessing indwelling gastric cannulae, oral doses of M&B 28,767 (0.025-0.1 microgram/kg) and DMPG (0.50-1.0 microgram/kg) caused a prolonged inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated GAS. M&B 28,767 was 17 times more potent than DMPG; the respective ED50 values were 0.036 and 0.6 microgram/kg. Indomethacin-induced ulceration in rats, was reduced by both M&B 28,767 and DMPG; the respective ED50 values being 3.0 and 0.8 micrograms/kg. Both compounds given orally increased gastrointestinal motility in mice; M&B 28,767 (1-3 mg/kg) and DMPG (0.1-0.3 mg/kg) caused diarrhoea, the former being about 0.1 times as potent as the latter. In another test, M&B 28,767 (0.5-5.0 mg/kg) and DMPG (10-40 micrograms/kg) overcame morphine-induced constipation in a dose-related manner, the respective ED50s being 0.9-1.4 mg/kg and 20-40 micrograms/kg. Thus, M&B 28,767 had a better profile of activity than DMPG as an antisecretory and antiulcer agent.

16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2↗
PubMed1982

Determination of coronary collateral flow by a load line analysis.

We have examined the feasibility of determining coronary collateral blood flow in an open-chest dog by a "load line" type of analysis as is often employed to analyze transistors and vacuum tubes. The load line equation states that collateral flow is given by the quantity: [Formula: see text] where PcP is peripheral coronary pressure, AOP is aortic pressure, Qret is retrograde flow, and K is a constant. The validity of this equation was critically tested in a series of dog experiments in which the collateral vessels were found to approximate a linear resistance, the source pressure for the collaterals (K in the equation) was found to be 0.8 of aortic pressure, and the retrograde flow with zero back pressure was found to account for all of the collateral flow. Finally, we found that estimates from the equation correlated well with direct microsphere measurements of collateral flow. All of these findings support the use of the proposed technique which determines collateral flow by three easily measured laboratory parameters.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scholarly activities among clinical laboratory science faculty.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the research and scholarly productivity of faculty in four-year college and university clinical laboratory science (CLS) programs. To identify meaningful scholarship, to assign values to that scholarship, and to list the top 15 CLS programs according to faculty research productivity. DESIGN: In 1996, a national study involving 127 college and university CLS programs was conducted to determine whether faculty were participating in research. A questionnaire was distributed to 505 faculty members. Data from 286 respondents (57% response) representing 114 of 127 (90%) CLS programs were analyzed. SETTING: The study took place at The Ohio State University with collaboration from the University of Tennessee-Memphis and the University of Minnesota. PARTICIPANTS: All CLS faculty within a four-year university or college sponsoring a CLS program were invited to participate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To determine whether CLS faculty scholarly activities have been strengthened in the last decade, to quantitate scholarship productivity by point assessment, and to list the top 15 CLS programs according to faculty research productivity. RESULTS: Research productivity included time spent in research, numbers of publications and presentations, and grantsmanship. Data indicate that faculty who possess earned doctorates and are employed by research universities have higher levels of research productivity. While 46% of the CLS faculty hold doctorates and 50% are tenured, 42% of all CLS faculty members have not published a research paper or abstract since 1990. Conversely, faculty in some non-research institutions may not be expected to participate in such scholarly activities. On the other hand, 23% of the faculty responding had published six or more articles or abstracts since 1990, 46% were successful in obtaining external funding, and 15% of faculty members had been awarded grants larger than $100,000. CONCLUSIONS: The top 10% of clinical laboratory science faculty researchers are performing approximately one-half of all scholarly activities. The top fifteen research programs in CLS are identified, and not surprisingly, are located in research universities. In the past decade, and generally speaking, CLS faculty have made progress in scholarship including highest degree obtained, publications, presentations, and grantsmanship.

Faculty↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Negotiation savvy: level the playing field by understanding sex differences.

The ability to negotiate plays a key role in one's professional and personal life. Negotiations between nurses, managers, physicians, patients, and family members in the critical care environment can be difficult and stressful. If men and women want to negotiate successfully, they must know the steps of negotiation and the sex differences when approaching the negotiation process.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗