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Biomedical subjects

D Wolfson

Publications and source records attributed to D Wolfson.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Conventional intelligence measurements and neuropsychological concepts of adaptive abilities.

The concept of intelligence and its representation by the Intelligence Quotient have been difficult to define and the subject of criticism for various reasons. Matarazzo and Kaufman have reviewed intelligence measurements and brain functions, but a biologically based explication of intelligence has not been explicitly proposed since the theories presented more than 40 years ago by Halstead and Hebb. The present study explored the overlap and differential sensitivity of intelligence measures (VIQ, PIQ, and FSIQ) and neuropsychological measures (Impairment Index and Category Test) to cerebral damage and educational attainment. The results indicated that neuropsychological measures may serve to broaden the concept of intelligence and that a brain-related criterion may contribute to a fuller understanding of its nature.

Achievement↗
PubMed1992

Left cerebral dominance for bilateral simultaneous sensory stimulation?

Hom and Reitan (1982) reported findings with respect to sensorimotor deficits in groups with lateralized cerebral lesions, but evaluated the results only within a framework that related cerebral dominance to deficits that resulted from lateralized lesions. Some of the variables they studied, however, depend upon evidence of retention of functions by one hemisphere under conditions of distracting input. While the right cerebral hemisphere appears to be dominant for tactile-perceptual abilities in terms of resulting deficits, the present study suggests that the left cerebral hemisphere is dominant for certain non-language functions that reflect maintenance of sensory-perceptual abilities under conditions of distracting stimuli.

Agnosia↗
PubMed1991

Three rapid immunoassays for the determination of creatine kinase MB: an analytical, clinical, and interpretive evaluation.

We present analytical and clinical studies of three commercial immunoassays for the determination of the creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB). All methods are compared with the presently-accepted reference method, agarose gel electrophoresis. We find that each of the immunoassay methods offers diagnostic sensitivity and specificity similar to those of electrophoresis, while none experiences detectable interference from high concentrations of the creatine kinase BB isoenzyme (CK-BB) or the so-called "atypical" bands. The presence of atypical bands can cause electrophoresis to yield inaccurate quantification or even misidentification of CK-MB. Because the immunoassay approaches are more rapid than electrophoresis and require less technical expertise, it is possible to evaluate patients in a more timely and cost-effective manner. Further, since immunoassay results can be available in approximately 1/2 hour, rapid real-time decisions can be made regarding the desirability of initiating or continuing such valuable but dangerous procedures as thrombolytic therapy.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Verbal processing by the brain.

Reitan and Wolfson (1985) have proposed a model of brain-behavior relationships which postulates a three-part organization of higher-level aspects of central processing: Verbal and related language functions (mainly left hemisphere), visual-spatial and related abilities (mainly right hemisphere), and conceptual abilities (both hemispheres). Three groups of subjects (controls, left cerebral lesions, and right cerebral lesions) and two strictly verbal tests (the Word Finding Test and the Vocabulary subtest from the Wechsler Scale) were used as a partial test of this model. Left cerebral lesions impaired Vocabulary scores but right cerebral lesions had little if any impairing effect. However, on the Word Finding Test, which has a strong conceptual requirement in addition to the verbal requirement, the group with left cerebral lesions continued to show striking impairment but the group with right cerebral lesions also showed significant impairment as compared to the control group. Additional studies are needed to test the proposed model in more detail.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Medical decompression of toxic megacolon by "rolling". A new technique of decompression with favorable long-term follow-up.

We treated 19 consecutive patients with toxic megacolon complicating inflammatory bowel disease with the usual intensive medical regimen, but also added a new technique, namely, the frequent rolling of the patient to the prone position in order to redistribute colonic gas and thereby promote decompression. In all 19 patients (100%) the colon was decompressed within 1-13 days (mean 4.9 days). Two patients (10.5%) died. In long-term follow-up (mean 6.5 years), only 4 of the 17 survivors (21%) ultimately required colectomy; the remaining 13 (68%) were either completely well or only minimally symptomatic and did not require steroids. Most reports on the management of toxic megacolon stress the need for early surgical intervention, but our success in decompression with the addition of the "rolling technique" suggests an improvement in the nonoperative management of toxic megacolon.

Adult↗