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Biomedical subjects

D Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to D Wilson.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of Down syndrome on the dimensions of dental crowns and tissues.

Abnormal growth in Down syndrome (DS) is reflected by variable reduction in size and simplification in form of many physical traits. This study aimed to compare the thickness of enamel and dentine in deciduous and permanent mandibular incisor teeth between DS and non-DS individuals and to clarify how these tissues contribute to altered tooth size in DS. Sample groups comprised 61 mandibular incisors (29 permanent and 32 deciduous) from DS individuals and 55 mandibular incisors (29 permanent and 26 deciduous) from non-DS individuals. Maximum mesiodistal and labiolingual crown dimensions were measured initially, then the crowns were sectioned midsagittally and photographed using a stereomicroscope. Linear measurements of enamel and dentine thickness were obtained on the labial and lingual surfaces of the crowns, together with enamel and dentine-pulp areas and lengths of the dentino-enamel junction. Reduced permanent crown size in DS was associated with a reduction in both enamel and dentine thickness. After adjustments were made for tooth size, DS permanent incisors had significantly thinner enamel than non-DS permanent teeth. The DS permanent teeth also exhibited significant differences in shape and greater variability in dimensions than the non-DS permanent teeth. Crown dimensions of deciduous incisors were similar in size or larger in DS compared with non-DS deciduous teeth. Enamel and dentine thicknesses of the deciduous teeth were similar in DS and non-DS individuals. The findings indicate that growth retardation in DS reduces both enamel and dentine deposition in the permanent incisors but not in the earlier-forming deciduous predecessors. The results are also consistent with the concept of amplified developmental instability for dental traits in DS.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pragmatics.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Naltrexone pharmacotherapy for opioid dependent federal probationers.

Federal probationers or parolees with a history of opioid addiction were referred by themselves or their probation/parole officer for a naltrexone treatment study. Participation was voluntary and subjects could drop out of the study at any time without adverse consequences. Following orientation and informed consent, 51 volunteers were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to a 6-month program of probation plus naltrexone and brief drug counseling, or probation plus counseling alone. Naltrexone subjects received medication and counseling twice a week; controls received counseling at similar intervals. All therapy and medication were administered in an office located adjacent to the federal probation department. Fifty-two percent of subjects in the naltrexone group continued for 6 months and 33% remained in the control group. Opioid use was significantly lower in the naltrexone group. The overall mean percent of opioid positive urine tests among the naltrexone subjects was 8%, versus 30% for control subjects (p < .05). Fifty-six percent of the controls and 26% of the naltrexone group (p < .05) had their probation status revoked within the 6-month study period and returned to prison. Treatment with naltrexone and brief drug counseling can be integrated into the Federal Probation/Parole system with favorable results on both opioid use and re-arrest rates.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The diffusion of an evidence-based disease guidance system for managing stroke.

This paper describes the diffusion of an evidence-based stroke guidance system (SGS) in a field setting through participatory research. SGS enables physicians to review relevant evidence-based literature, from which patient orders are generated for managing cerebrovascular accident. The paper focuses on the question 'what are the barriers and enablers to adopting SOS?' The research site consisted of eight hospitals within two health regions in Alberta, with 47 physicians as the intended users. The data sources consisted of surveys, education sessions, design feedback, field observations, and usage logs. Preliminary results revealed an initial slow rate of adoption that gradually improved with the influence of clinical champions, more effective communication, sustained education, round-the-clock support and continued system refinement. These initial findings suggest that models of technological diffusion can help us better understand the complexities of changing physician practice behaviors.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Children's blood lead levels in the lead smelting town of Port Pirie, South Australia.

This survey included 1,239 children, representing 50% of the elementary school population of the lead smelting town of Port Pirie. Of these children, 7% had a capillary blood lead level equal to or greater than 30 micrograms/dl, which is the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council's "level of concern." There was a statistically significant difference in capillary lead levels by area of residence that was independent of age, sex, soil lead, rainwater tank lead, and school attended. A case-control study indicated that the following subset of factors was most predictive of an elevated blood lead level: household members who worked with lead in their occupations; living in a house with flaking paint on the outside walls; biting finger nails; eating lunch at home on school days; when at school, appearing to have relatively dirty clothing; when at school, appearing to have relatively dirty hands; and living on a household block with a large area of exposed dirt. A program to reduce the risk of elevated blood lead levels in Port Pirie children has been introduced.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

History of lead exposure in children revealed from isotopic analyses of teeth.

A pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of using high precision lead isotopes as an indicator of previous lead exposure in children was undertaken on deciduous teeth from 10 children in a lead-mining city. The present study illustrates the applicability of the method and provides data from two subjects who had different exposure to lead during early childhood. Teeth were examined by slicing the crowns into upper and lower sections and/or by selective dissolution with different mineral acids. Different exposures to mine lead and other sources, such as food, water, air (gasoline), are readily detected in any tooth from an individual.

Child, Preschool↗