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Biomedical subjects

D Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to D Wilson.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Utilization of dipeptides by the caprine mammary gland for milk protein synthesis.

Specific use by the mammary gland in vivo of amino acids (AA) of peptide origin has been demonstrated in lactating dairy goats using a dual-labeled tracer technique involving close-arterial (external pudic artery, EPA) infusion of 13C-labeled dipeptides. The extent of utilization does not appear to differ for glycyl-L-[1-13C]phenylalanine and glycyl-L-[1-13C]leucine, perhaps indicative of a common mechanism by which AA are incorporated from peptide into milk protein. [1-13C]phenyl-alanine of peptide origin appears to be concentrated within the red blood cell, suggesting a role for the erythrocyte in peptide metabolism in vivo. In conclusion, it appears that the lactating mammary gland of goats has the ability to utilize AA of peptide origin for milk protein synthesis, and while the mechanism by which [1-13C]AA are incorporated into milk protein is not clear, it may involve peptide hydrolysis by either mammary cell surface or red blood cell hydrolases followed by uptake of liberated AA by the mammary gland.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1994

The role of protein kinase-C alpha in the activation of particulate guanylate cyclase by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in CaCo-2 cells.

Recent studies have implicated protein kinase-C (PKC) in the regulation of guanylate cyclase in several cell types. In view of prior experiments by our laboratory which have demonstrated that 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3] can activate PKC in CaCo-2 cells, it was of interest to determine whether this secosteroid influenced particulate guanylate cyclase and, if so, to determine which isoforms of PKC were involved. To address these issues, CaCo-2 cells were treated with 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 or other agents (see below), and crude membranes prepared from these cells were assayed for guanylate cyclase activity. In several experiments, agents were added directly to isolated membranes, and guanylate cyclase activity was then assayed. These studies demonstrated that 1) the addition of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 or 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a known activator of PKC, to intact CaCo-2 cells stimulated particulate guanylate cyclase activity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner; 2) these agents induced the translocation of PKC alpha, but not PKC zeta, from the cytosolic to the membrane fraction of these cells; 3) preincubation of cells with staurosporine (50 nM), a PKC inhibitor, or U73122 (10 microM), an inhibitor of phospholipase-C-dependent processes, significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the stimulatory effect of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 (3 nM) on guanylate cyclase; 4) preincubation of isolated membranes with TPA, calcium, and Mg(2+)-ATP increased guanylate cyclase activity, an affect that was augmented by purified rat brain PKC and inhibited by the PKC inhibitor peptide, PKC-(19-36); and 5) selective down-regulation of PKC alpha by treatment of cells with TPA (200 nM) for 24 h concomitantly abolished the activation of guanylate cyclase by 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 activates particulate guanylate cyclase at least in part via a PKC alpha-dependent mechanism.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1994

Effects of naloxone infusions on pulsatile thyrotropin secretion.

Endogenous opioids are known to modulate the secretion of some anterior pituitary hormones, but they are not thought to have significant effects on TSH secretion. However, dynamic TSH secretion has not been characterized during naloxone infusions. Therefore, we measured TSH levels every 15 min over 24 h in nine healthy young men at baseline and during infusions of naloxone at 2 mg/h. A TRH test was performed after each study. TSH pulses were located by Cluster analysis. Naloxone infusions decreased 24-h mean TSH levels by 28%, from 1.68 +/- 0.20 to 1.21 +/- 0.19 mU/L. Mean daytime TSH levels did not change, but nocturnal TSH levels were decreased by 39%, from 2.21 +/- 0.30 to 1.35 +/- 0.21 mU/L. There were no changes in TSH pulse frequency, but naloxone infusions decreased 24-h TSH pulse amplitude by 32%, from 2.02 +/- 0.26 to 1.37 +/- 0.21 mU/L. Daytime TSH pulse amplitude was relatively unaffected (1.27 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.16 +/- 0.21 mU/L), whereas nocturnal TSH pulse amplitude was decreased by 42%, from 2.72 +/- 0.40 to 1.57 +/- 0.23 mU/L. TSH responses to acute TRH administration were decreased after naloxone infusions (12.38 +/- 1.93 vs. 9.17 +/- 1.36 mU/L). Serum T3 levels fell by 21% during naloxone infusions, from 1.9 +/- 0.1 to 1.5 +/- 0.1 nmol/L, whereas other thyroid hormone levels and cortisol levels were unchanged. These findings suggest that endogenous opioids have significant stimulatory effects on TSH secretion, predominantly during the nocturnal TSH surge.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Choice making to promote adaptive behavior for students with emotional and behavioral challenges.

Two analyses investigated the effects of choice making on the responding of elementary school students with emotional and behavioral challenges. In the first analysis, 2 participants were given choices from menus of academic tasks, all of which were pertinent to their educational objectives in English and spelling, respectively. Reversal designs showed that the choice-making conditions increased task engagement and reduced disruptive behavior for both students. An additional analysis was performed with a 3rd student in an effort to further distinguish the effects of choice making from preference. In this study, one of the no-choice phases was yoked to a previous choice-making condition. This analysis demonstrated that the choice-making condition was superior to baseline and yoked control phases as determined by levels of task engagement and disruptive behavior. The findings of the two analyses contribute information relevant to students with emotional and behavioral disorders, and to a growing literature on the desirable effects of choice making for students with disabilities and challenging behaviors.

Attention↗
PubMed1994

Using an integrated point of care system: a nursing perspective.

Nurses at LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, have had the ability to document patient data and nursing care on a bedside computer for over nine years. This ability has had numerous ramifications for the medical record, nursing practice, and clinical decision making. This article is an effort to describe how and why certain decisions were made, the implications of these decisions, mistakes that were made and their solutions, and the tremendous impact on clinical decision making and improved patient outcomes that is only beginning to be realized by computerization of the medical record.

Computer Security↗
PubMed1994

Sporadic multiple lipomatosis: a case report and review of the literature.

The finding of multiple lipomas, or lipomatosis, can be a marker for several clinical or familial syndromes. Familial multiple lipomatosis is a benign hereditary disorder of adipose regulation associated with hyperlipidemia. Multiple symmetric lipomatosis involves the local infiltration of adipose tissue of the neck, upper torso and mediastinum. This condition is often found in alcoholics and has been associated with diabetes mellitus. An afflicted patient's family history is important both to reveal occult pathology and to help determine the disease's prevalence in the population. In this article, we report the case of a patient with sporadic multiple lipomatosis and provide a brief review of the literature.

Genes, Dominant↗
PubMed1994

Debating NSI.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Role of computed tomography scan in evaluating the widened mediastinum.

Thirty-eight blunt trauma patients with a suspicion of thoracic aortic injury were assessed by computed tomography (CT) scan, aortography, and chest x-ray. Twenty-eight of the 38 patients had widened mediastinum by chest x-ray; four of 13 CT scans were abnormal. No patient with a negative CT scan had aortic injury by aortogram. A normal, non-dynamic CT scan of the chest should influence one's decision-making in the need for aortography.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1994

Acute appendicitis in young children in the Belfast urban area: 1985-1992.

Eighty-one cases of acute appendicitis in children aged less than six years were identified in the Belfast urban area between 1985 and 1992. Appendiceal perforation, found in 43%, was related to symptom duration but not to age at presentation. Prolongation of symptoms was related to parental delay in seeking medical advice (52% > 36 hours), delayed or inappropriate general practitioner referral to hospital (19%) and diagnostic delay following surgical consultation (12% > 12 hours). Diagnostic delay in hospital was usually the result of nonspecificity of symptoms and signs and was therefore largely unavoidable. Delayed referral from general practice did not contribute unnecessarily to appendiceal perforation, and given that an individual general practitioner will see a case of preschool appendicitis once in 30 years, diagnostic accuracy was remarkably high.

Appendectomy↗
PubMed1993

Anterior cervical discectomy, fusion, and plating. A comparative animal study.

Thirty-five goats were used as animal models for three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. The goats were divided equally into five experimental groups: Group I, three-level anterior cervical discectomy without fusion; Group IIa, three-level discectomy with autogenous bone (Smith-Robinson technique); Group IIb, autogenous bone grafting plus anterior plate application; Group III, three-level discectomy and fusions with fresh frozen allograft bone; Group IIIa, graft only; and Group IIIb, anterior plating. The goats were killed, and spines were removed and analyzed for evidence of fusion. Radiographic union was judged to have occurred in 0% of Group I disc spaces, 48% of Group IIa, 52% of Group IIb, and 38% of Groups IIIa and IIIb. Histologic fusion was judged to have occurred in 0% of Group I specimens, 38% of Group IIa, 45% of Group IIb, 0% of Group IIIa, and 19% of Group IIIb. The histologic fusion rate was significantly higher in Groups IIa and IIb than in Groups I and IIIa. There was no statistically significant increase in the histologic fusion rate between goats with anterior cervical plating and goats without plating. Biomechanically, the spines in Groups IIb and IIIb, ie, those with anterior plates applied, were stiffer in axial load, torsion, and flexion/extension. Peri-end-plate vascularity was significantly diminished in those groups that had anterior plates applied. Qualitative analysis of fluorochrome labels showed that autografts revascularized more rapidly than did allografts in both the nonplated and plated groups. Histomorphometric analysis failed to reveal any significant device-related osteopenia in those vertebrae spanned by the anterior plate. We found that although autograft bone led to a significantly higher rate of union than did allograft bone, the addition of anterior plate fixation did not significantly increase union rate. Biomechanical rigidity was significantly increased in all modes of testing by the use of an anterior plate. The decreased vascular response seen in spines that underwent plating may be responsible for the lack of increased union. The increased rigidity found with anterior plating supports its use in traumatic conditions. The failure, however, to increase significantly the union rate in this model fails to lend support to the use of anterior cervical plating for degenerative discectomy and fusion procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The prevalence of hysterectomy in South Australia.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the prevalence of hysterectomy in the South Australian community. DESIGN AND SETTING: Data were collected as part of the South Australian Health Omnibus Survey which involved a self-weighting, multistage, systematic, representative area cluster sample of 4608 households in metropolitan and country South Australia. One thousand and forty-seven women over the age of 40 were personally interviewed by trained data collectors. OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic characteristics, selected medical descriptive variables and the prevalence of hysterectomy. RESULTS: 27.9% of the respondents over 40 had undergone a hysterectomy. The prevalence rose from 18.9% in the 40-44 age group to 31.4% in women aged between 55 and 64 years. There were no statistically significant associations with country of birth, educational attainment or income. Significantly more women who had undergone a hysterectomy were current or past users of oestrogen replacement therapy and they also visited their general practitioner more frequently. Elevated body mass index and the prevalence of diabetes also approached statistical significance. CONCLUSION: At current rates nearly a third of South Australian women will have a hysterectomy during their lifetime.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The hypotriglyceridemic effect of fish oil in adult-onset diabetes without adverse glucose control.

Diabetic control as judged by five criteria did not deteriorate after 6 months of fish oil compared to 6 months of olive oil supplementation in 16 patients with NIDDM who were eating a low fat, high complex carbohydrate diet. Plasma total and VLDL triglyceride and cholesterol decreased significantly after fish oil supplementation; plasma total and HDL cholesterol concentrations did not change. The LDL cholesterol level was significantly increased with fish oil supplementation, suggesting that patients with NIDDM who are given a fish oil supplement to decrease the plasma total and VLDL triglyceride levels may also need further dietary and/or pharmaceutical therapy to maintain an LDL cholesterol level compatible with a low risk of coronary disease. The study emphasizes the safe use of fish oil over a 6-month period in diabetic patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Analysis of the tissue-specific promoter of the MUC1 gene.

The 5'-sequences flanking the human MUC1 gene have been analyzed for their ability to direct expression of a reporter gene (the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (CAT)) in cell lines that normally express or do not express the MUC1 gene. A construct containing 2.9 kilobase pairs of MUC1 5'-flanking sequence sequence showed expression of CAT in breast and pancreatic cell lines but not in the non-epithelial cell lines HT-1080, SK23, and HTB96. Deletion analysis showed that maximum expression was obtained in ZR-75 (breast cancer line) and HPAF (pancreatic cancer line) with only 743 base pairs of 5'-flanking sequence. Sequences within 1.6 kilobase pairs of the transcriptional start site showed enhancing activity in a vector carrying an enhancerless SV40 promoter. Analysis of proximal 5'-sequences in a promoterless CAT vector carrying the SV40 enhancer showed that sequences between -60 and -150 were crucial for tissue-specific expression. An Sp1 site at -99/-90 and an E box (E-MUC1) at -84/-64 in this region were shown by mutational analysis to play a role in the regulation of transcription. Gel shift analysis with oligonucleotides and nuclear extracts of ZR-75 showed protein binding to both of these sites. Sp1 binding activity was similar in ZR-75 and HT1080 cells, whereas binding of factors to the E-MUC1 oligonucleotide revealed quantitative and qualitative differences between epithelial and non-epithelial cells.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Confirmation that the velo-cardio-facial syndrome is associated with haplo-insufficiency of genes at chromosome 22q11.

The velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) and DiGeorge sequence (DGS) have many similar phenotypic characteristics, suggesting that in some cases they share a common cause. DGS is known to be associated with monosomy for a region of chromosome 22q11, and DNA probes have been shown to detect these deletions even in patients with apparently normal chromosomes. Twelve patients with VCFS were examined and monosomy for a region of 22q11 was found in all patients. The DNA probes used in this study could not distinguish the VCFS locus and the DGS locus, indicating that the genes involved in these haploinsufficiencies are closely linked, and may be identical. The phenotypic variation of expression in VCFS and DGS may indicate that patients without the full spectrum of VCFS abnormalities but with some manifestations of the disorder may also have 22q11 deletions.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathology in rabbit models of osteoarthritis and immune arthritis.

Osteoarthritis was surgically induced in mature male Dutch Belted rabbits by sectioning the fibular collateral and sesamoid ligaments and removal of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus. The site of surgical intervention was detectable by MRI. Histopathologic analysis revealed severe focal cartilage lesions on opposing surfaces of the tibia and femur. Histology of cartilage adjacent to the osteoarthritic lesions appeared normal. In another animal model, arthritis was induced by immunization against ovalbumin followed by intra-articular injection of ovalbumin. MRI of immune arthritic rabbit knees showed accumulation of synovial fluid and cartilage degradation. Histopathology was characterized by vascular necrosis of the synovium and depletion of cartilage proteoglycan. MRI can be used to non-invasively follow the therapeutic effects of drug treatment on synovial inflammation and cartilage degradation in rabbit knees.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Pathogenesis of Lactobacillus casei-induced polyarthritis in Lewis rats: 1. Time related changes in histopathological scores and hematology.

Intraperitoneal injection of cell wall fragments from L. casei (ATCC 11578) induces an acute and a chronic inflammatory arthritis of the distal joints of LEW/N female rats. Histopathological changes in four distal joints and hematologic changes were analyzed on days 3, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 59. All joints were scored for changes in inflammation, pannus, cartilage and bone. The acute inflammatory response consisted of fluid exudate, fibrin, neutrophils and some macrophages concentrated along the periosteum of the longer bones. The disease progressed with synovial fibroblast proliferation and infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages. On day 10, cartilage changes were associated with pannus formation and subchondral fibrosis. Both localized bone resorption and periosteal new bone formation were features of the chronic phase. Lymphocytes were elevated above normal (p < 0.05) on day 3, 10, 20, 30 and 40; returning to the normal range on day 50 and 59. Neutrophils were elevated on days 10, 20, 30, 40 and 59. L. casei-induced polyarthritis in Lewis rats appears to be a fibroblast-, macrophage-mediated disease with a prominent lymphoid component.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Pathogenesis of Lactobacillus casei-induced polyarthritis in Lewis rats: 2. Time related changes in organ weights and liver enzymes.

Hepatic enzymes and organ weights were measured in LEW/N female rats during the acute and the chronic phases of L. casei-induced arthritis on day 3 and days 30 and 59, respectively. In the acute phase, day 3, adrenal and spleen weights were increased and thymus weights were decreased in L. casei arthritic rats as compared to normal control rats. Adrenal, liver, kidney, spleen and thymus weights of arthritic rats were in the normal range on days 30 and 59. Liver cytochrome P450, aminopyrine N-demethylase and analine hydroxylase were reduced in livers of L. casei-treated rats on day 3 as compared to normal controls. On days 30 and 59 hepatic enzymes in L. casei-arthritic rats were in the normal range. Unlike adjuvant arthritis in which changes in liver enzymes alter drug metabolism; after the acute onset of L. casei-induced arthritis, hepatic enzymes return to the normal range.

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗