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Biomedical subjects

D Wild

Publications and source records attributed to D Wild.

103 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential mutagenic activity of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) in Salmonella typhimurium strains in vitro and in vivo, in Drosophila, and in mice.

IQ, a heterocyclic aromatic amine which is formed during the frying of meat, was prepared by chemical synthesis. Its genotoxic potential was studied in bacteria, Drosophila and in mice. A mutagenic effect of IQ (frameshift induction) was detected in Salmonella typhimurium in experiments without metabolic activation; this effect was several orders of magnitude lower than that observed in the presence of an activation system. Ames tests with liver-homogenate S9 fraction from PCB-induced mice and rats confirmed the high mutagenic potency of IQ metabolites (Kasai et al., 1980a). Comparative studies on diagnostic Salmonella strains revealed that the high frameshift-inducing activity is independent of the plasmid pkM101; it is, however, greatly reduced by an intact excision-repair system for DNA lesions. The mutagenic activity of the metabolite(s) formed in vitro by S9 mix has a half-life of ca. 14 min. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, IQ induced when used at sublethal concentrations, X-chromosomal recessive lethal mutations in male germ cells in a dose-dependent manner. In mice, tests were performed to detect somatic mutations: chromosomal anomalies (micronuclei) in bone marrow, and gene mutations (affecting coat pigmentation) in mice exposed to IQ in utero. No genotoxic effects were observed in these assays. However, the formation of mutagenic metabolites in the liver of IQ-treated mice was unequivocally demonstrated in host-mediated assays using Salmonella as mutagen probes in mice. The data demonstrate genotoxic activity of IQ in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The possible reasons for the different response of mammalian systems in vivo and the Salmonella system are discussed.

Animals↗
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Body pressures and bed surfaces.

Specialised beds which are designed to prevent unacceptably high levels of pressure loads on skin surfaces are frequently used in the management of patients with, or at risk of developing, pressure sores. This study compares the intersurface pressure on 'at risk' body sites of six subjects on a new design of water bed with those obtained from resting on a King's Fund bed. The findings show flotation on the water bed offers more effective support to body tissue than that provided by the King's Fund bed.

Beds↗
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Age-old practices.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Aged↗
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Managing mass casualties in Israel.

The author relates her experiences as an observer at an Israeli mass casualty simulated exercise in a general hospital. Israeli people, who have seen their country engaged in several major wars over the last 40 years and who live with the potential for terrorist atrocity as a daily threat, treat such exercises with great seriousness. The scale and realistic nature of the exercise was impressive, and while such activities may not be directly translatable to a British situation, the energy, commitment and systematic approach of the Israeli personnel are qualities which British hospital and military staff could adopt.

Civil Disorders↗