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Biomedical subjects

D Wikler

Publications and source records attributed to D Wikler.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Core values in health care reform: a communitarian approach.

Controlling health care costs should allow the nation to provide more health services and higher quality care to more people. The authors are concerned, however, that many of the reform efforts will unwittingly undermine the culture of care in their pursuit of savings and access. This article is a plea to maintain the core moral values and the social and institutional commitments that are essential in the delivery of care, so that the health care community is not turned into a health industry. The authors' communitarian approach aims to preserve the balance between individual rights and social responsibilities, the moral integrity of a caring society, and the unique character of mutual trust between patients and health care personnel. They advocate an orientation toward preventing disease and promoting health, an imperative of reforming the violent, reckless, and costly aspects of American society, and a moral justification for cutting administrative waste, defensive medicine, and excessive profits rather than rationing beneficial and humane health services.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Bioethics and anti-bioethics in light of Nazi medicine: what must we remember?

Only recently have historians explored in depth the role of the medical profession in Nazi Germany. Several recent works reveal that physicians joined the Nazi party in disproportionate numbers and lent both their efforts and their authority to Nazi eugenic and racist programs. While the crimes of the physician Mengele and a few others are well known, recent research points to a much broader involvement by the profession, even in its everyday clinical work. Analogous activities existed in the German legal and industrial communities; disruption of the medical ethic thus sprang from the broader social contexts of Nazi Germany. The new United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, now opening on the Mall in Washington, D.C., will have an opportunity to educate the public about both the great crimes at Auschwitz and other camps, and the gradual but thorough degradation of ethics in the German medical profession. From this presentation, contemporary bioethics can ponder the proper use of the Nazi analogy in bioethical debate.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

What has bioethics to offer health policy?

The field of bioethics has quickly become a subject of intense public fascination; and, following on an earlier period of resistance and skepticism, bioethics has been welcomed by clinicians as well. Bioethics, however, is largely a practical activity rather than a scholarly one, and its pretensions as an academic discipline within health policy and health services research must be greeted cautiously. Continuing problems in moral theory suggest that the most secure contributions that bioethics can make to health policy research are analysis and criticism rather than positive moral claims.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed1988

Ought the young make health care decisions for their aged selves?

Though the chief responsibility for providing for the health care of older Americans has been (and should remain) society's, there has been increasing interest in private solutions. Individual provision, however, would require not only adequate wealth but prudent planning, demanding in turn more discipline, self-control, and foresightedness than many individuals are normally capable of. One possible corrective is pre-commitment, a strategy of binding oneself to a plan chosen to allocate resources optimally over the life span. Though pre-commitment may have some important uses, however, it is far from clear that people should be encouraged or enabled to rely upon it for old-age health care planning. The present paper examines some of the philosophical and policy concerns attendant to the use of pre-commitment strategies for resource allocation in old age.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Who should be blamed for being sick?

That individuals are responsible for staying healthy is becoming a truism of health promotion and health policy. However, it is unclear what the slogan means, whether it is true, and what the consequences would be or should be if it is. A careful examination of the contexts in which the notion of personal responsibility for health occurs reveals a number of distinct arguments for different policy ends, each relying in turn on key unstated assumptions whose validity is doubtful. There is no disputing the minimal claim that most of us would be healthier if we took better care of ourselves. However, assignment of responsibility for health to the individual is usually part of a more far-reaching reassessment of obligations and entitlements in health care and health policy. A assessment of the concept of personal responsibility for health should precede any attempt to draw broad conclusions on rights and duties in maintaining health.

Authoritarianism↗
PubMed1984

Brain death.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Brain Death↗
PubMed1984

Ethics and psychiatric research: problems and justification.

The discussion of ethics in psychiatry continues to increase. Research in psychiatry, like all medical research, is of ethical concern because it often involves risks to subjects so that others may benefit. It also involves the allocation of monetary and human resources. In recent years these concerns have been brought to the forefront of professional and public attention. The authors consider the problem of justifying resource allocations and the risks involved in psychiatry research, survey some of the special problems faced by researchers in this field, and give a brief account of present government regulations that pertain to research ethics in psychiatry.

Behavioral Research↗