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Biomedical subjects

D Watts

Publications and source records attributed to D Watts.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Genetic response of Aedes aegypti to different environmental temperatures.

Three groups of Aedes aegypti maintained 8 generations in the laboratory at 20 degrees C, 27 +/- 1 degree C (normal control), and at 35 degrees C, respectively were analyzed for allozyme variability. Of the 8 larval loci examined Est alpha-1 and Lap-2 in generation 8 were still variable, while the other allozymes became uniform. The 35 degrees C population had mean level of heterozygosity of about 6% of individual per locus, less than those observed in the 20 degrees C and the control populations which were 14% and 13%, respectively. It is suggested that in the experimental populations, the rate of loss of alleles can be increased by high temperature which must not be higher than the optimum temperature of enzymes.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The treatment of severe self-injurious behavior by the systematic fading of restraints: effects on self-injury, self-restraint, adaptive behavior, and behavioral correlates of affect.

Severe self-injurious behavior (SIB) in people with mental retardation is difficult to treat when dangerously frequent or intense responding rules out functional analysis and interventions that permit free responding. This situation is common when restrictive devices, such as straight arm splints, are used. In this study, the effects of introducing flexion into a straight-arm splint, on SIB, self-restraint, adaptive behavior, and behavioral correlates of affect were examined for three individuals with severe mental retardation. Using single-case design methodology, for two individuals self-injury was reduced to zero, while the overall level of restriction was also significantly reduced. From the observed behavioral correlates of affect, there was no evidence of an increase in negative affect with the introduction of the new splint and the fading procedure, but there was evidence of an increase in positive vocalizations. Engagement in activities and social contact were not affected by the introduction of the new splint. The reasons for a decrease in SIB with a corresponding decrease in restriction in the absence of any manipulation of contingencies for SIB are discussed, with particular reference to stimulus control.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Benchmarking: breakthrough results through structured analysis.

Benchmarking is the continuous process of measuring processes, services and practices against the toughest competition, or against companies recognized as industry leaders, for the purpose of identifying and adopting best practices. To facilitate this process, the Hamilton Civic Hospitals has developed a series of benchmarking templates, loosely based on the "unified model" of quality. This article presents the templates and describes their application as part of a benchmarking feedback loop.

Efficiency, Organizational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus in the Republic of Djibouti: literature review and regional data].

The first evidence of HIV infection in Djibouti, East Africa, was found in the spring of 1986; the first case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was diagnosed in March 1988; and, as of the end of 1991, 104 cases of AIDS had been reported. HIV-1 infection was predominant. Previously published results of four serosurveys carried out in October 87, June 1998, February 1990, and from January 1991 to April 1991 among high risk groups are presented and compared. The subjects included street girls, bar hostesses, and male STD patients. HIV-1 infection was demonstrated in 1991 among 36.0% of street girls, 15.3% of bar hostesses and 10.4% of male STD patients. Three sera were positive for both HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. The prevalence of HIV-1 infection among street girls in Djibouti did not increase between February 1990 and January 1991 while the prevalence of HIV infection among male STD patients rose almost five-fold during the same period. HIV prevalence in bar hostesses showed a steady growth. Epidemiology of HIV infection among prostitutes is complex as theses populations have a rapid turn-over. HIV prevalence data and predominance of Ethiopian nationality among prostitutes suggest importation of HIV from Ethiopia via the prostitutes and their clients. These results are reviewed and compared with data from Ethiopia and Somalia.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brief encounters.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Emergencies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Insult after injury: pressure ulcers in trauma patients.

DESIGN: Nonexperimental-Descriptive. SAMPLE: The inclusion criteria were trauma patients, ages 15 and older, who were hospitalized for > 2 days, and who did not have preexisting skin breakdown. A total of 148 consecutive trauma patients admitted to the study institution meeting the inclusion criteria were prospectively enrolled. METHODS: Patients were assessed every 3 days for skin breakdown. Information on the patient's bed type, therapies, medical devices, and nutrition was collected. The Braden Scale for predicting pressure ulcer risk was completed at each assessment. FINDINGS: Of the 148 patients enrolled, 30 developed at least one area of skin breakdown for a prevalence of 20.3% in patients hospitalized more than 2 days. The most common cause of breakdown was positional pressure (47.4%). Cervical collars were the second leading cause at 23.7%, followed by tracheostomy/endotracheal tubes at 10.5%. The mobility subscale of the Braden Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment tool was significantly predictive of skin breakdown (p < .001). IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING RESEARCH: Skin breakdown is a significant problem in trauma patients who are hospitalized for more than 2 days. Aggressive protocols on positioning, cervical collar use, and airway adjuncts, as well as additional active nursing interventions for immobile patients, may be ways to decrease the skin breakdown prevalence in this population.

Adolescent↗