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Biomedical subjects

D Walsh

Publications and source records attributed to D Walsh.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Fungal peritonitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a report of 17 cases.

Seventeen cases of fungal peritonitis and one case of Nocardia asteroides peritonitis were observed in 141 patients during the first 5 years of our continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis program (CAPD). Fungal peritonitis accounted for 7% of the episodes of peritonitis observed in this interval. There were eight deaths associated with fungal peritonitis. In only three instances could factors predisposing to fungal peritonitis be identified. We were unable to predict who would develop fungal peritonitis by analysis of nutritional, demographic, or technical factors associated with the dialysis procedure. The diagnosis of fungal peritonitis was easily established using routine blood agar culture techniques. Successful management of these patients included prompt removal of the Tenckhoff catheter and intravenous (IV) administration of amphotericin.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1987

Incidence of schizophrenia in Ireland.

This paper reports an investigation of the incidence of schizophrenia in Ireland by means of standardized case-finding procedures. Our findings do not support the popular belief, based on first admissions figures, of a raised incidence in Ireland. We show this to have been considerably overestimated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A comparison of the 25-cm rigid proctosigmoidoscope with the 65-cm flexible endoscope in the screening of patients for colorectal carcinoma.

A comparison of the rigid with the flexible sigmoidoscope was evaluated in 293 patients as part of a screening project for colorectal cancer at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. Patients with either a positive family history for colorectal cancer, a positive stool guaiac test result, a history of hematochezia, or a change in bowel habits were randomly assigned to either rigid or flexible sigmoidoscopy. The median distance of colon examined with the flexible instrument was significantly greater than with the rigid scope (55 versus 17 cm, respectively). A significantly greater number of malignant and premalignant lesions were found with the flexible instrument than with the rigid scope. It was concluded that the flexible sigmoidoscope is superior to the rigid scope in the process of screening for colorectal lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Osseous metastases from colorectal carcinoma.

In a 10 year (1970 to 1980) retrospective study of 66 patients with primary colorectal adenocarcinoma and osseous metastases, there were 47 patients who had bone and other distant metastases whereas 19 patients had osseous metastases only. The median disease-free interval was 21 months. The overall median survival time from diagnosis of osseous metastases was 7 months. Bone scanning is probably more sensitive for diagnosing bone metastases that radiography. Radiotherapy seems to be the most effective treatment for symptomatic osseous metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Protein losses and tobramycin absorption in peritonitis treated by hourly peritoneal dialysis.

The effects of peritonitis on dialysate protein losses of IgG, IgA, IgM, transferrin, and complement were investigated. Thirteen patients who developed peritonitis while undergoing peritoneal dialysis were compared with seven noninfected dialysis patients. Dialysate protein losses increased during peritonitis, but IgG, IgA, IgM, transferrin, and complement losses did not. The ratio of the amount of these proteins to the total amount of protein, measured by trichloroacetic acid precipitation, was unaltered by peritonitis, suggesting that albumin is the predominant protein lost during peritonitis. The infected patients absorbed 55% of the administered dose of tobramycin, at 17 mL/min, and the noninfected 44%, at 13 mL/min.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Angiotensin and salt appetite: physiological amounts of angiotensin given peripherally increase salt appetite in the rat.

Two experiments were conducted in which adrenalectomized male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained ad lib on distilled water, 3% saline, and sodium-free food. In Experiment 1, 45 rats were given 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1,000 micrograms/kg/day desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) im for 5 days to determine the dose of DOCA that would produce the lowest voluntary saline intake, and 800 micrograms/kg/day was found to produce the nadir in saline intake. In Experiment 2, 40 rats were placed ad lib on distilled water, saline, and sodium-free food as described above, maintained on 800 micrograms/kg/day DOCA, and infused with 4, 25, 100 micrograms/kg/day angiotensin II (A II) or 0.9% saline. The three A II groups showed significant percentage changes in their saline intake above pre-A II levels; the saline control group showed no change in saline intake from pre-A II level. These results are interpreted to demonstrate the production of salt appetite in rats by peripheral administration of physiological doses of angiotensin II.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1985

Oxygen dependent lactate utilization by Lactobacillus plantarum.

Lactobacillus plantarum P5 grew aerobically in rich media at the expense of lactate; no growth was observed in the absence of aeration. The oxygen-dependent growth was accompanied by the conversion of lactate to acetate which accumulated in the growth medium. Utilization of oxygen with lactate as substrate was observed in buffered suspensions of washed whole cells and in cell-free extracts. A pathway which accounts for the generation of adenosine triphosphate during aerobic metabolism of lactate to acetate via pyruvate and acetyl phosphate is proposed. Each of the enzyme activities involved, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide independent lactic dehydrogenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent lactic dehydrogenase, pyruvate oxidase, acetate kinase and NADH oxidase were demonstrated in cell-free extracts. The production of pyruvate, acetyl phosphate and acetate was demonstrated using cell-free extracts and cofactors for the enzymes of the proposed pathway.

Energy Metabolism↗
PubMed1985

Ileal conduits for recurrent unresectable colorectal adenocarcinoma.

In a retrospective 4 year study, 19 patients with unresectable recurrent pelvic tumor secondary to colorectal adenocarcinoma underwent urinary diversion. An ileal conduit was performed for palliative purposes at the time of exploration. None of the 19 patients had evidence of distant metastases. Survival after the ileal conduit ranged from 2 to 26 months (median 13 months). This survival rate did not vary significantly according to sex or whether hydronephrosis resolved after urinary diversion. Postoperative complications developed in three patients. Two of these complications were ureterointestinal anastomotic leaks and the third was development of an enterocutaneous fistula. The quality of life was rated as good by 75 percent of the patients and fair by 18 percent, with all patients relieved of painful obstructive uropathy. Eighteen of 19 patients were able to resume useful and productive lives.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Risk factor and behavioral correlates of willingness to participate in cancer prevention trials.

Because of the growing interest in prospective trials of dietary and chemopreventive interventions for cancer, we studied the characteristics of persons likely to participate in such investigations. The study population consisted of a random sample of 576 persons who had previously attended the Prevention-Detection Center at Roswell Park Memorial Institute to receive a cancer screening examination and a risk assessment. Data were collected using a mailed questionnaire. Of the respondents, 77% indicated some degree of interest in participating in a cancer prevention study involving dietary changes, 27% indicated a definite interest and 50% indicated a possible interest. A similar pattern of response was obtained with respect to participation in a cancer prevention study that involves subjects taking medication, such as vitamin supplements. The findings suggest that those who are the most interested in participating in cancer prevention research are more likely to (on average) be younger, better educated, have higher annual family incomes, be regular vitamin users, have greater awareness of the possible link between dietary practices and cancer risk, be more concerned about getting cancer, and be more likely to believe that changes in dietary practices can decrease the cancer risk. These findings may have important implications for the planning and conduct of prospective trials of cancer prophylaxis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Macro creatine kinase type 1 with electrophoretic mobility identical to that of the MB isoenzyme.

We describe the case of an elderly woman whose symptoms and electrocardiographic pattern initially suggested acute myocardial infarction. The value for total serum creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2; CK) was 737 U/L (reference interval: 22-269 U/L), and electrophoresis for CK isoenzymes demonstrated two bands, the more anodal migrating to the CK-MB region and the second migrating between the CK-MB and CK-MM regions. The above-normal total CK and electrophoretic pattern persisted during her 11-day hospital course. The QuiCK-MB (International Immunoassay Labs.) and Tandem-E CK-MB (Hybritech) immunoassays, however, showed CK-MB mass measurements within the normal range. In further investigation with a mixture of patient's serum and human-serum-based control containing all CK isoenzymes, the electrophoretic mobility of only CK-BB was altered, proving that the patient had antibody to the B unit of CK in her serum. Immunofixation revealed the more anodal band to be a CK-IgA lambda complex, and the more cathodal band, a CK-IgG kappa complex. Mixing the patient's serum with polyclonal antibody specific for CK-B slowed the electrophoretic mobility of only the more anodal band. Polyclonal antibody specific for CK-M had no effect on either band. Evidently, this patient had two different types of macro CK type 1, both containing CK-BB. We conclude that macro CK type 1 can mimic CK-MB and be a source of confusion.

Aged↗