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Biomedical subjects

D W Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to D W Wilson.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Buffers items, insight, and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale.

The influence of buffer items on response to the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC) was examined. Thirty-four college student subjects received MC questionnaires with intermixed extraversion and neuroticism items, while 35 others received separate MC and extraversion-neuroticism questionnaires. MC means under the two conditions differed nonsignificantly, and confidence interval estimation spoke against the likelihood of any appreciable buffer item effect. Little insight into the purpose of MC was exhibited--less than half that previously reported by Shrauger (1972)--nor was it related to the buffer item manipulation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1976

Measurement of cortisol, cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol and corticosterone in foetal sheep plasma during the perinatal period.

A method is described for the resolution and individual quantitation of cortisol, cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol and corticosterone in foetal sheep plasma. The steroids were extracted by solvent partition and separated by LH-20 Sephadex column chromatography. Radioimmunoassay was used for the measurement of 11-deoxycortisol and cortisone and competitive protein-binding for corticosterone and cortisol. The relative levels of these steroids in the plasma of chronically catheterized sheep foetuses from 12 days before birth to term and then in the newborn lamb until 2 days of age are recorded. Cortisol gradually increased from a basal concentration of between 0 - 5 and 3 - 0 mug/100 ml plasma between days 12 and 5 pre partum, and then rose rapidly to 10 mug/100 ml plasma during the last 5 days of pregnancy to reach a maximum during or just after birth. Two days post partum the levels had fallen to approximately 3 mug/100 ml plasma. The mean value for 11-deoxycortisol between days 8 and 3 pre partum was 0 - 4 mug/100 ml plasma and increased in the final days before delivery to 1 - 0 mug/100 ml. Corticosterone initially showed slightly higher levels (approximately 1 - 5 mug/100 ml) in the earlier period of investigation but then fell during the immediate pre-partum period to 0 - 8 mug/100 ml. Cortisone was not detected at any stage of the investigations. The relationship between levels of cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol in foetal plasma and myometrial contractility is shown. An increase in uterine activity was seen to occur at the time that cortisol levels were at their maximum. The 11-deoxycortisol values throughout this particular study remained low. The results are discussed in relation to recorded levels in the adult and to previous studies in vitro with regard to changing steroid biosynthetic enzyme activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effects of feeding polychlorinated biphenyls to broiler cockerels in three dietary regimes.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1242 and 1254) were fed at 20 p.p.m. to hybrid broiler cockerels between one and nine weeks of age in three dietary variations. The Aroclors did not affect growth or feed efficiency and no consistent histopathological lesions could be attributed to them. There was a low incidence of hydropericardium in birds receiving Aroclor 1254. Fatty liver was observed in some birds receiving Aroclor 1242 and a single bird receiving this PCB exhibited liver necrosis. Moderate increases in liver weight and mild decreases in the relative weight of the spleen were attributable to PCB.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1976

Effects on growing swine and sheep of two polychlorinated biphenyls.

Dietary polychlorinated biphenyls in feeds at concentrations of 20 ppm given to swine and sheep between weaning and time of their reaching market weight reduced feed efficiency and rate of gain. These effects were of the same magnitude as those observed in swine and sheep fed sub-optimal diets, and in swine, there was a highly significant interaction between diet and polychlorinated biphenyl effects. Gross and microscopic lesions were few, consisting of increased frequency of pneumonia in swine and sheep and of increased frequency and severity of gastric lesions in swine. The gastric lesions in swine consisted of erosions of surface mucosa; these lesions were greater in the swine given the higher dose levels when they included hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and deep ulcerative lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Pharmacokinetics of polychlorinated biphenyl components in swine and sheep after a single oral dose.

Single-dose oral administration of a commercial polychlorinated biphenyl product containing 54% chlorine provided data with which to plot the time course of total polychlorinated biphenyl and individual components in the blood of swine and sheep. Pharmacokinetic parameters describing absorption from the gut and elimination from a two-compartment body system were determined for the components in swine and sheep. The absorption half-time for total polychlorinated biphenyl in swine was 1.13 hr while that for sheep was 3.83 hr. The half-time for disposition of total polychlorinated biphenyl from the central compartment was 4.4 hr in swine and 7.7 hr in sheep; the apparent biological half-life was 62.4 hr in swine and 78.8 hr in sheep. Individual components varied significantly from each other and from total polychlorinated biphenyl in all parameters.

Animals↗