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Biomedical subjects

D W Turner

Publications and source records attributed to D W Turner.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Determination and relationship of C-reactive protein in human dental pulps and in serum.

C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase protein synthesized by the liver, increases in serum as much as 3000 times above its normal level in response to acute inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether CRP levels in dental pulps could be correlated with the histological disease status of the pulp and with systemic blood levels of CRP. Inflamed and necrotic pulps were extirpated during routine endodontic therapy. Normal pulps were removed from extracted, intact third molars. One half of each pulp specimen was placed in formalin for histological study; the other half was frozen for immunological study. A serum sample was obtained from each patient at the end of the dental visit. CRP levels were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pulps were categorized histologically as normal, inflamed, inflamed/necrotic, or necrotic. The correlation between CRP levels of pulp and serum was not significant. CRP levels of normal pulps differed significantly only from inflamed pulps (p less than 0.05, Dunnett). This increase in CRP appears to be a local phenomenon resulting from the interaction of CRP with various inflammatory mediators in the pulp.

C-Reactive Protein↗
PubMed1989

Serum and gingival tissue antibody levels to oral microbial antigens in human chronic adult periodontitis.

Antibody levels against antigens from eight oral micro-organisms were measured in sera and gingival tissue extracts from adult periodontitis patients and healthy subjects by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The antibody levels of diseased serum samples were significantly higher than those of healthy serum samples. Analysis of diseased sera indicated that antibody levels against Bacteriodes gingivalis antigens were significantly higher than antibody levels against all the other antigens tested except for those from B. intermedius and B. asaccharolyticus. Extracts from diseased gingival tissues had significantly higher levels of antibody against B. gingivalis antigens than against antigens from all of the other micro-organisms tested, including B. intermedius and B. asaccharolyticus. These results suggest selective, specific and localized antibody production during or following the establishment of chronic adult periodontitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of occupational interview data to death certificate data in Utah.

Lifelong occupational histories obtained by interview prior to death were compared to death certificate data for 87 male bladder cancer patients in Utah. Agreement was defined as identical Bureau of Census codes, after predetermined groupings were made. Usual occupation, defined as that with the longest duration, agreed with the death certificate occupation for 54% of the individuals; usual industry agreed for 72%. Most recent occupation and industry agreed for 47% and 53%, respectively. For 69%, at least one interview occupation agreed with the death certificate occupation, and at least one industry agreed for 84%. Variables affecting agreement were duration of the job and education. Also examined were interview data about employment either during the last 15 years or prior to age 65 years, obtained from 112 male colon cancer patients. The Bureau of Census codes were in agreement for occupation in 63% and for industry in 65%. Duration of the job and education were related to percent agreement. We conclude that occupations and industries listed on death certificates reflect at least part of the work history of the majority of individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

In vitro growth of human gingival fibroblasts on root surfaces of endodontically treated teeth.

Controversy exists over the potential for new connective tissue attachment to dentin of endodontically-obturated teeth following periodontal therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cultured human gingival fibroblasts would grow in vitro on planed dentin surfaces of endodontically-treated teeth. A model similar to that of Aleo et al. was developed using extracted endodontically-treated human teeth. This model consisted of longitudinally sectioning 10 teeth, root planing one section only, and incubating both sections with a suspension of human gingival fibroblasts. Fibroblast growth was determined by staining with neutral red and trypan blue. The criterion for growth was staining of the complete root surface. All root areas with attached periodontal fibers displayed staining, as well as the complete root surface of all planed sections. Unplaned sections did not stain on root areas formerly exposed to the oral environment owing to periodontal disease, a finding consistent with the results of Aleo et al. Our results indicate that root canal therapy does not interfere with in vitro growth of fibroblasts on planed dentin surfaces of endodontically-treated teeth. Extrapolation to a clinical situation would indicate that normal healing may be expected after periodontal surgery on tissues adjacent to root planed endodontically-treated teeth.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1980

The inhibitory effect of hydrolytic products of starch on in vitro colonization by Streptococcus mutans.

Synthetic culture medium containing potato starch and 1 gm% sucrose, with and without human parotid saliva, were pre-incubated. Filtrates from these mixtures were then incubated with Streptococcus mutans. S. mutans colonization on glass rods was suppressed in the cultures using filtrates from saliva and starch interaction. No inhibition was noted in filtrates pre-treated with parotid saliva in the absence of starch. The results suggest that the hydrolysis of starch by saliva yields by-products which inhibit in vitro S. mutans colonization.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1980

Cell-mediated immune response to fractionated products of Actinomyces viscosus cultures.

Since bacterial invasion of host tissue has not been shown to occur in the course of periodontitis, many investigators believe that products released from dental plaque microorganisms enter the tissue and elicit a series of host responses leading to the pathological condition. This study, therefore, was designed to explore the possibility that cell-free products isolated from Actinomyces viscosus cultures are able to induce cell-mediated immunological responses in experimental animals. Hartley strain guinea pigs were sensitized with concentrated cell-free products of A. viscosus culture supernatant fluids mixed with Freund complete adjuvant. After 10 to 17 days the animals responded to challenge with this material with skin reactions indicative of delayed-type hypersensitivity. Furthermore, cells isolated from sensitized animals produced mitogenic factor and macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) when cultured with the material. The cell-free culture products were fractionated by column chromatography and electrophoresis. Several partially purified components were shown to induce cell-mediated responses in guinea pigs as determined by skin tests and by mitogenic factor and MIF assays. It is apparent that this single microorganism associated with dental plaque is capable of producing several substances which can induce a cell-mediated immune response and subsequent tissue inflammation in laboratory animals.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1979

Termination: that difficult farewell.

Termination is usually a difficult and painful, yet powerfully significant life experience. It is experienced in multiple contexts beginning with birth and ending with death. This article addresses itself to these issues and the when and how of goodbyes.

Grief↗
PubMed1978

The verbal helping behavior of experienced and novice telephone counselors.

The verbal helping behavior of experienced and novice volunteer telephone counselors was evaluated. Taped telephone interactions with typical helpees were analyzed for the usage of specific response types and for helper talk time, self-references, and feelings. Novices were found to give significantly less advice and their helpees talked significantly longer. The use of continuing responses was significantly associated with helpee talk time for all helpers. Even though telephone counseling may elicit a leading response style from helpers, a continuing or reflective style might be more effective in the relationship-building aspect of telephone counseling.

Counseling↗
PubMed1976

Cell-mediated immune response to products of Actinomyces viscosus cultures.

Hartley strain guinea pigs were sensitized with 0.5 ml of concentrated cell-free Actinomyces viscosus culture supernatant fluids mixed with Freund complete adjuvant. Fourteen to 16 days later the animals were challenged by intradermal injection with 0.1 ml of the culture supernatant, and the reactions were observed at 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h. Peritoneal exudate cells from sensitized animals were used for determination of migration inhibition factor, and guinea pig peripheral blood served as a source of cells for determining the induction of mitogenesis by antigenic material. Skin responses were consistently positive to challenge with the test material, whereas reactions to noninoculated culture medium were negative. Sensitized cells, challenged with antigen, resulted in 60% or greater inhibition of migration of indicator cells in migration inhibition factor experiments. Tests for mitogenesis showed a greater than fourfold increase in isotope uptake when sensitized cells were challenged with test material. The data are consistent with the suggestion that A. viscosus culture supernatants contain substances that induce cell-mediated immune responses in guinea pigs.

Actinomyces↗