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Biomedical subjects

D W Moss

Publications and source records attributed to D W Moss.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Comparison of a tumour-derived form of intestinal alkaline phosphatase with foetal and adult intestinal alkaline phosphatases.

An intestinal alkaline phosphatase-like (Kasahara) isoenzyme has been isolated from the serum of a patient with lung cancer and compared with foetal intestinal alkaline phosphatase from the serum of a premature infant and with adult intestinal phosphatase isolated from serum in the same way. Although the ligand-binding sites of the three enzymes were indistinguishable, the foetal intestinal and Kasahara isoenzymes differed slightly from the adult isoenzyme in heat stability and markedly in electrophoretic mobility and neuraminidase-sensitivity, while themselves being similar in these respects. Neither the Kasahara isoenzyme nor foetal phosphatase reacted with anti-placental phosphatase monoclonal antibodies. These results suggest that the Kasahara isoenzyme corresponds to the reappearance of foetal intestinal alkaline phosphatase, rather than to modification of the adult intestinal isoenzyme.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Measurement of high molecular weight forms of enzymes in serum in the detection of hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer.

Total gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase, liver-specific alkaline phosphatase and high molecular weight forms of the two enzymes were measured in the sera of 42 patients with colorectal cancer, of whom 26 were apparently metastases-free and 16 had palpable liver metastases. The average levels of all enzymes were significantly higher in the group with metastases, but there was considerable overlap between the groups. The predictive values of positive results were of the order of 50-75%; predictive values of negative results were more than 70% for all tests, with high molecular weight alkaline phosphatase (87%) performing best in this respect. However, measurement of high molecular weight enzymes does not offer marked advantages over more conventional enzyme tests in the detection of hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The value of cross-sectional echocardiography in detecting perioperative myocardial infarction following coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Detection of perioperative myocardial infarction following coronary artery bypass graft surgery may be difficult. To assess the value of cross-sectional echocardiography in detecting perioperative infarction, 45 patients were studied by this technique to assess left ventricular regional wall motion before and eight to ten days after cardiac surgery. Deterioration in septal, antero-lateral, apical, inferior and posterior segments was correlated with Q-wave change in the ECG and with CK-MB taken at pre, 4, 7, 21, 48 and 72 hours post surgery. Echocardiographic regional wall motion was assessed semiquantitatively by a point score system (3 = normal, 2 = hypokinetic, 1 = akinetic, 0 = dyskinetic). Sixteen patients showed deterioration in regional wall motion greater than or equal to 1 point. Eleven of these patients had new hypokinetic abnormalities of 1 point in the previously normal septal segment, but no ECG infarction. Three of the 11 had raised CK-MB and only one fulfilled the CK-MB criteria for perioperative infarction. Four other patients showed new akinetic segments (deterioration of two points). All four had CK-MB criteria for perioperative infarction and three had new ECG Q-wave. Three other patients showed ECG infarction without echo or CK-MB changes. Thus the development of a new akinetic segment on cross-sectional echocardiographic analysis of regional wall motion is a good marker of perioperative myocardial infarction. However, the great majority of new septal hypokinetic segments do not result from this operative complication.

Coronary Artery Bypass↗
PubMed1986

External quality assessment of serum enzyme activity assays and the effect of calibration on interlaboratory concordance.

The design and results of a UK external quality assessment scheme for six enzymes are described, from 21 surveys over a period of 7 years. Improvements in interlaboratory agreement and the adoption of reliable methods are documented. The potential of enzyme calibration materials in further improving numerical concordance between laboratories using different assay conditions, including temperature, is demonstrated and discussed.

Enzymes↗
PubMed1986

Electrophoresis of human alkaline and acid phosphatases.

Zone electrophoresis has played an important part in understanding the inter- and intratissue heterogeneity of acid and alkaline phosphatases. Electrophoresis of alkaline phosphatase in serum is of practical diagnostic value in deciding between liver and bone as alternative, or coexisting, sources of a raised total activity and, more rarely, in helping to define the contributions of other alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. Certain tissue-specific patterns of acid phosphatase zones are also diagnostically useful in confirming the identity of isoenzymes in serum indicated by other techniques.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

An enzyme-amplified monoclonal immunoenzymometric assay for prostatic acid phosphatase.

An immunoassay for prostatic acid phosphatase is described in which a high degree of specificity for the prostatic isoenzyme, obtained by the use of monoclonal antibodies, is combined with great sensitivity, made possible by enzyme-amplified measurement of the combination of the isoenzyme with its antibody. The increase in sensitivity thus achieved is of the order of 170 times that of conventional methods of measurement. The advantages of the enzyme-amplified method have been shown to be particularly useful in detecting and monitoring small abnormalities of prostatic acid phosphatase levels in patients with prostatic cancer.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Role of transient ischaemia and perioperative myocardial infarction in the genesis of new septal wall motion abnormalities after coronary bypass surgery.

To evaluate the role of ischaemia in the genesis of new septal wall motion abnormalities after coronary artery bypass surgery 45 patients were studied by cross sectional echocardiography before and 8-10 days after operation. Regional left ventricular wall motion was classified as normal, hypokinetic, akinetic, or dyskinetic. Septal wall motion abnormalities were correlated with electrocardiographic Q wave changes and serial serum MB creatine kinase measured before and 4, 7, 21, 48, and 72 hours after operation. Of the 14 patients who developed new septal wall motion abnormalities after operation two developed septal akinesis (both had perioperative infarction) and one new dyskinesis in the previously akinetic septal segment. Of the 11 patients with new septal hypokinesis, eight had normal serial creatine kinase MB values, two had raised values peaking four and seven hours after operation, with a return to normal values at 21 hours indicating transient ischaemia, and one had enzymatic criteria for perioperative infarction. Most new echocardiographic septal wall motion abnormalities after coronary artery bypass grafting are not caused by transient ischaemia, perioperative infarction, or generalised cell necrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in human alveolar macrophages.

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase has been extracted from human alveolar macrophages, in which its specific activity is 10-fold that in whole lung. The apparent identity of the alveolar macrophage isoenzyme with that associated with osteoclasts suggests that both types of cell belong to the mononuclear phagocyte system. Within this system, expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase appears to accompany certain kinds of differentiation.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Modification of alkaline phosphatases by treatment with glycosidases.

The tissue-specific variants of alkaline phosphatase that are characteristic of human liver and bone are believed to possess identical protein cores; nevertheless, they differ in certain properties such as electrophoretic mobility and stability to heat. Their electrophoretic mobilities are modified by digestion with various glycosidases. Furthermore, the difference in heat stability between them is reduced by treatment with a glycosidase preparation from Trichomonas foetalis. These results are consistent with the view that these enzyme variants differ only in their carbohydrate moieties.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase of human lung: apparent identity with osteoclastic acid phosphatase.

Extracts of human lung tissue contain appreciable activities of a tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase which is apparently identical with the analogous enzyme in bone extracts, with respect to electrophoretic mobility, apparent molecular weight (ca. 37,000), Michaelis constants and relative rates of hydrolysis of various substrates. The acid phosphatase appears to be a constituent of alveolar macrophages. Lung provides a convenient source for the preparation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Inhibition of human alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes by the affinity reagent reactive yellow 13.

The dye Reactive Yellow 13, an affinity reagent for intestinal alkaline phosphatase, inhibits intestinal and other human alkaline phosphatases in solution. The inhibition depends markedly on the presence of a phosphate acceptor such as diethanolamine. The dye is an uncompetitive inhibitor with respect to both substrate and phosphate acceptor in the case of non-intestinal phosphatases. However, in the case of intestinal alkaline phosphatase, the inhibition is noncompetitive with respect to the substrate and competitive with respect to the phosphate acceptor. These observations account for the specific binding of intestinal phosphatase when the dye is used as a ligand in affinity chromatography.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

Interpretation of changes in the activity of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme in serum after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Measurement of CK-MB in the sera of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting shows a significant increase above pre-operative levels in all cases. However, the timing of the peak post-operative activity and its level allow criteria to be proposed which differentiate between two classes of patients: those with myocardial infarction or lesser myocardial damage, in whom peak activities are seen in specimens taken 21 hours after operation; and those in whom peak activities are found in specimens taken 4-7 hours after operation, presumably reflecting reversible myocardial changes. Activity peaks of more than 50 U/l occurring at 21 hours are considered to support a diagnosis of myocardial infarction.

Coronary Artery Bypass↗