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Biomedical subjects

D W Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to D W Jackson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Using a monoclonal antibody to identify patients with type I and type II von Willebrand's disease.

Three monoclonal antibodies produced against vWF:Ag by conventional hybridoma technique did not inhibit factor VIII coagulant activity (F. VIII:C) but did inhibit VIII ristocetin cofactor activity. The antibodies were used in an indirect competitive ELISA for quantifying von Willebrand's antigen (vWF:Ag) and compared with values obtained by the Laurell technique using commercial antibody by means of a ratio: ELISA/Laurell. For one monoclonal BD2-CC9, vWF:Ag values obtained in the two assays were in good agreement for normal and hemophilia A plasmas (normal, n = 19, ratio = 1.13 +/- .17, hemophilia A, n = 10, ratio = 0.91 +/- .15). However, type II vWD patients had a disproportionately low value of vWF:Ag with the ELISA. Use of the ratio normalized the difference among individual plasma values and allowed a significant separation of type II vWD plasma (n = 9, ratio = 0.46 +/- .19) from normal plasma (p = .0001) and type I vWD plasma (n = 8, ratio = 1.52 +/- .34) from type II vWD plasma (p = .0003) using BD2-CC9. Although the sample size was small, the greater degree of discrimination among the vWD plasmas tested with BD2-CC9 (compared with the other two antibodies [CA3-AE4, CC6-BG10]) suggests that this antibody may recognize conformational epitopes that reflect the degree of multimeric polymerization of the vWF molecule rather than simply recognize a decreased number of antigenic sites in a basic subunit. BD2-CC9 may be valuable in investigating the various types of vWD and/or the process of polymerization of this complex protein.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Our understanding of the structure and function of the anterior cruciate ligament has progressed rapidly over the past decade. Arthroscope-assisted anterior cruciate ligament replacement is a new procedure that allows isometric placement of the anterior cruciate ligament graft. Postoperative rehabilitation is enhanced by preservation of the extensor mechanism.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1986

Changes in catecholamine levels in discrete regions of rat brain during aging.

The effect of aging on the levels of dopamine (DA) in striatum and noradrenaline (NA) in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hypothalamus, midbrain and pons-medulla from young adult and five groups of aging rats was evaluated. Determinations of the levels of these amines were conducted. Age-related changes which commenced at 12 months were observed in specific brain regions. The endogenous content of NA decreased significantly in hypothalamus, midbrain, and pons-medulla when compared with the same regions from young adult animals. These results show that central noradrenergic system is markedly vulnerable to the aging process in rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.

The unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is an interesting and potentially beneficial procedure that remains a controversial alternative to total knee arthroplasty and high tibial osteotomy. A critical review of the literature reveals inconsistent results using this compartmental approach to joint resurfacing. Many of the inconsistencies, however, are attributable to improper patient selection, poor component position, or inaccurate component alignment, leading to further degenerative changes and subsequent return of pain. The more recent studies, however, suggest better and more consistent results. The current indications for unicompartmental arthroplasty along with the ideal prosthetic qualifications are presented. To justify including this procedure as a sound alternative in the treatment of unicompartmental arthritis of the knee joint, however, further clinical studies are warranted.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Cervical spine injuries.

Drs. Jackson and Lohr review such skeletal injuries as fractures, dislocations and subluxations, cervical disk herniation, degenerative disks, and "stingers." Cervical strains and sprains are also discussed, and evaluation of cervical injuries and immobilization and transportation of the injured player are other topics covered.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1985

Videoarthroscopy: present and future developments.

Videoarthroscopy is used by most orthopedic surgeons who do a significant volume of arthroscopic surgery. Constant advancement in technology and equipment requires an understanding of the various components of the videoarthroscopic system. The future will bring more simplified systems that combine the solid state camera, light source, and arthroscope. The potential to interface the digital data with computers for storage will enhance record keeping. However, no matter what new developments there are, the quality of the image will be no better than the compatibility of the entire videoarthroscopic system and how it is used by the surgeon.

Arthroscopes↗
PubMed1985

Reasonable expectations following arthroscopic surgery.

The primary determinant of the ultimate outcome of surgery is the nature of the underlying disease. The current applications of arthroscopic surgery to various disease entities are reviewed and the results that can reasonably be expected with each are summarized. As time goes on, the number of diseases that can be treated arthroscopically and the efficacy of treatment will continue to improve.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Treatment selection in acute anterior cruciate ligament tears.

Traumatic hemarthrosis associated with rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament is one of the most common ligament injuries encountered in sports medicine today. Its management is difficult because of the combination of presenting pathology as well as the multitude of patient profiles encountered. Crucial to the decision on proper management of a particular patient is the accumulation of data concerning the patient's social and sporting life as well as a detailed physical examination. When doubt exists, the physician can use other tests, including arthrograms, examination under anesthesia, or arthroscopy, to confirm and expand his diagnosis. Generally, the patient will be easily categorized into one of three areas: those who require surgery and reconstruction, those who do not, and those whom a decision is not clear. In the treatment of rotatory instability of the knee, no single approach has proved to be a panacea. The multiple procedures available attest to the complexity of the situation. It is not easily decided who will do well with conservative treatment and who will not, although data show that many individuals with mild or moderate instability can be treated effectively this way. The patient must be involved in the decision process, although it is clearly the physician who brings his bias to bear. The key factor in the successful management of the knee with rotatory instability is the patient's individual ability and willingness to modify his activities and select those sporting events compatible with his level of instability and general coordination. Rehabilitation is important for optimal results in both the conservatively and operatively treated groups and involves the four principles of (1) protection during the healing phase, (2) prevention of reinjury, (3) achievement of previous performance levels, and (4) postponement of late degenerative changes. The role of the physician is to guide and support the patient in learning to accept his knee disability. The best medical management and advice are ever-changing. Future technologic breakthroughs may provide optimal solutions for knees with rotatory instability and may create surgical and rehabilitative techniques that will prove desirable to those patients who presently are unwilling or unsuited to take the risk of major surgical reconstruction and the long rehabilitative process associated with it.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1983

Back injuries in the athlete.

In summary, the approach to the athlete with low back pain must include an emphasis on aggressive nonoperative intervention, education, and rehabilitation. A diligent attempt must be made to establish a correct diagnosis, though this may be difficult at first. A firm diagnosis allows individualized treatment that meets the strenuous needs of the athlete. Work-up should be standardized to avoid missing what will appear obvious in retrospect. Unlike most of the general patient population, athletes are unlikely to tolerate a long period of "wait and see" therapy. It is necessary to have qualified allied health personnel who can perform a full spectrum to have qualified allied health personnel who can perform a full spectrum of exercise, mobilization, and modality therapies. Return to competition should be gradual but steady, as previous performance levels can usually be obtained following lumbar injuries.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Subacromial bursography. An anatomical and clinical study.

Impingement of the rotator cuff beneath the coracoacromial arch without associated rupture of the cuff or reactive bone changes on the undersurface of the acromion is a well established clinical diagnosis. The value of subacromial bursography in the assessment of this condition was investigated in an anatomical study of fifteen cadavera and a clinical study of thirty-one patients. The subacromial bursa is situated like a cap over the rotator cuff and can be demonstrated roentgenographically by the injection of contrast material in shoulders from cadavera and living subjects. This bursa is composed of subacromial and subdeltoid portions as well as a subcoracoid extension in some individuals. However, it is the anterior portion of the bursa, under the coracoacromial arch, that is most significant, since this overlies the deep structures involved in the impingement syndrome. The normal subacromial bursa easily accepts five to ten milliliters of contrast medium. However, if the bursal walls are thickened and edematous, the bursa will be difficult to demonstrate roentgenographically or it will accept only a few milliliters of contrast material. The findings in this study suggest that when the findings on the bursogram are normal, a diagnosis of chronic impingement by the coracoacromial arch should be questioned.

Acromion↗
PubMed1981

The effect of hypoxia on monoamine levels in discrete regions of aged rat brain.

Aged rats were exposed to 10% oxygen for 1, 13, and 36 hr. Norepinephrine levels in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, midbrain, cerebellum, pons-medulla and dopamine levels in striatum were determined after each exposure. While there was no significant change in monoamine levels in brain regions after 2 hr, norepinephrine concentration in hypothalamus and midbrain decreased significantly after 13 hr of hypoxia. After 36 hr in a hypoxic environment, levels of the monoamines in brain regions were similar to the controls. This would suggest NE metabolism is most vulnerable to hypoxia in two regions of the aged brain. The precise mechanism of these changes is unknown, but they suggest both a vulnerability and an adaptive recovery of central adrenergic metabolism by the aged brain under hypoxia.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Aging effect on the noradrenaline content of rat brain microvessels.

Microvessels were isolated by sucrose gradient centrifugation and molecular seiving from forebrains of aged and young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Determination of noradrenaline levels in preparations obtained from both groups of animals indicated that the level of NA in cerebral microvessels isolated from aged animals (120 /+- 28 pg NA/mg protein) was significantly reduced when compared with the corresponding value from control (young adult) animals (226 /+- 35 pg NA/mg protein). This decrease in NA may indicate a deficiency in the neural control of the microcirculation and predispose to metabolic and functional disturbances of brain tissue.

Aging↗
PubMed1980

Sex role identity and self esteem in adulthood.

Sex role identity (Fem Sex Role Inventory) and self esteem (Texas Social Behavior Inventory) were examined in a cross sectional sample of 2069 Ohio State University students, employees, and alumni between the ages of seventeen and eighty-nine. Both men and women displayed peak masculinity scores in the middle years of adulthood, with no significant differences in femininity scores across the age range studied. Among both men and women, psychologically "androgynous" individuals displayed the highest levels of self esteem, followed by masculine sex-typed, feminine sex-typed, and "undifferentiated" individuals, in that order. Masculinity was a far better predictor of self esteem than was femininity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Maternal vitamin E alters passively acquired immunity of chicks.

Passively transferred antibody levels were significantly increased in plasma of two- and seven-day-old chicks when the dams were fed 150 and 450 p.p.m. vitamin E prior to immunization with Brucella abortus. However, if the hens were fed 90, 300 and 900 p.p.m. vitamin E before immunization, the chicks evidenced no increase in antibody titers relative to controls. This nonlinear antibody response by the reticulo-endothelial system to vitamin E confirms in Gallus domesticus similar results reported for other species.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Tears of the anterior cruciate ligament in young athletes.

During a meniscectomy, thirty competitive athletes who were less than thirty years old were found to have a non-functional or absent anterior cruciate ligament. Preoperative examination without anesthesia had revealed minimum to mild anterior instability without a positive pivot-shift or jerk test. They all had a meniscectomy without reconstruction of the ligament and all were followed for up to four years (average, 2.6 years). Twenty-five (83 per cent) returned to full athletic activity. All had relief of the symptoms of the meniscal lesion and improved significantly, but six progressed to moderate anterior instability with a positive pivot-shift and jerk test. Nevertheless, four of the six were able to resume unrestricted athletic activity.

Adolescent↗