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Biomedical subjects

D W Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to D W Anderson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Prevalent myocarditis at necropsy in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

The prevalence of myocarditis was retrospectively evaluated in 71 consecutive necropsy patients who died from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) between 1982 and 1986. Myocarditis was found in 37 cases (52%). Biventricular dilation at necropsy was present in seven cases (10%) and was accompanied by myocarditis in each case; fatal congestive heart failure occurred in four of these seven cases. Although viral, protozoan, bacterial, fungal and mycobacterial opportunistic pathogens were present in myocardial sections of 7 of 37 myocarditis cases, the etiology of myocarditis in the majority of these patients with AIDS remained idiopathic. Thus, myocarditis is a frequent finding at necropsy in patients with AIDS and may contribute to the development of biventricular dilation.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Prevalence surveys of neurologic disorders: methodologic implications of the Copiah County Study.

This article addresses three questions to be answered during the planning of prevalence surveys of chronic disorders in geographically defined populations: (a) Should personal interviews be used alone (i.e. without accompanying physical examinations) to find and confirm cases in a household population? (b) As an alternative means of identifying cases, is it adequate to review patient records from hospitals and clinics serving the population to be surveyed? (c) Should population members residing in institutions of long-term care be made ineligible for the anticipated survey? Data on major neurologic disorders, obtained from the Copiah County Study, are used to suggest caution in answering any of these questions in the affirmative, since in particular circumstances the consequences for the intended research may be serious or even disastrous. For example, with 42% of Parkinson's disease cases diagnosed for the first time during the study, a casefinding approach solely through medical-care providers would have been highly questionable for that disorder.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in black populations in the rural United States and in rural Nigeria: door-to-door community studies.

A door-to-door survey of Parkinson's disease (PD) in Copiah County, Mississippi, using a pretested screening procedure (with a high sensitivity for detecting PD), followed by examination of all positives by a senior neurologist, revealed similar prevalence ratios for blacks and whites. The same procedure was applied in the community of Igbo-Ora, Nigeria, a black population of West Africa. To assure uniformity in the procedures and application of the diagnostic criteria, a neurologist from each survey site visited the other site. Among a black population of 3,521 over age 39 in Copiah County, there were 12 cases of PD, with an age-adjusted prevalence ratio of 341/100,000. The comparable figures for Igbo-Ora were as follows: population over age 39 = 3,412; cases of PD = 2; age-adjusted prevalence ratio = 67/100,000.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1987

Survey of major neurologic disorders in a biracial United States population: the Copiah County Study.

To determine the prevalence of frequently occurring neurologic disorders in a biracial population, a survey of households and chronic care institutions was carried out for all residents of Copiah County, Mississippi. Along with a complete census, interviews were held using extensive questions about diagnoses, signs, and symptoms of neurologic disorders. More than 97% of eligible households participated, comprising 23,842 persons (49% black, 50% white, 1% other). Persons with responses suggesting one or more of these disorders were examined by a neurologist who used defined diagnostic criteria. Age-adjusted prevalence ratios for cerebral palsy, epilepsy, stroke, and severe dementia were somewhat higher in blacks than in whites, while the age-adjusted prevalence ratio for essential tremor was slightly higher in whites. For Parkinson's disease, there was no difference in age-adjusted prevalence ratios between the races.

Black People↗
PubMed1986

Racial differentials in the prevalence of stroke. Copiah County, Mississippi.

Separate surveys of households and chronic-care facilities were conducted in Copiah County, Mississippi. The household survey included screening interviews and a complete census. Board-certified neurologists, using defined diagnostic criteria, examined all consenting persons who were either eligible residents of the chronic-care facilities or household members with interview responses suggestive of stroke. In all, 250 stroke survivors were identified, yielding (as of Jan 1, 1978) a point prevalence ratio of 1,060 per 100,000 inhabitants. Age-adjusted prevalence ratios were higher for men and for blacks. Age-specific prevalence ratios increased with advancing age. Nearly 20% of identified stroke survivors had not received inpatient care for that condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Functional disability associated with major neurologic disorders. Findings from the Copiah County Study.

The prevalence of functional disability in persons with cerebral palsy, epilepsy, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and severe dementia was assessed in a survey of every household in Copiah County, Mississippi, and all chronic-care institutions serving that county. Of the 23,842 residents evaluated, 246 had moderate to severe functional impairment accompanied by one or more of the aforementioned neurological disorders; 108 were not fully ambulatory; 59 required constant supervision because of cognitive difficulties; 54 were having at least one afebrile seizure monthly; and 25 experienced some combination of these impairments. Overall, prevalence ratios for these impairments increased markedly with age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Severe dementia. Prevalence and clinical features in a biracial US population.

The purpose of this investigation was to document the prevalence of severe dementia among different racial groups residing in the same community--Copiah County, Mississippi. Both household and institutionalized populations were included. For either sex, the prevalence ratios of all severe dementia and clinically diagnosed severe senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type were at least as large among blacks as among whites. For either race, the corresponding prevalence ratios were greater in females. For each race and sex, the corresponding prevalence ratios increased with advancing age. Finally, in the population studied, approximately 1% of individuals 40 years old or older had severe dementia. This figure increased to 7% for individuals 80 years old or older.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Measurement of yield and cross section for the 27Al (gamma,2p) 25Na reaction with a clinical linear accelerator.

A clinical electron linear accelerator was adapted for continuous energy selection and used to measure bremsstrahlung yield for the photonuclear reaction 27Al (gamma,2p) 25Na from 24.0 to 32.0-MeV in 0.25 MeV steps. A germanium detector was used to measure the number of photoproduct gamma-rays emitted. The yield values were analyzed for photonuclear cross section using PHONUC II, a program especially adapted for use with yield data from thick-target bremsstrahlung. The cross section shows distinct resonance peaks at 26.3 +/- 0.3, 27.3 +/- 0.4 and 30.3 +/- 0.5 MeV. Possible theoretical origins of these resonances and applications of the reaction in accelerator energy calibration are discussed.

Aluminum↗