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Biomedical subjects

D Vetter

Publications and source records attributed to D Vetter.

88 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationships between 34 HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR antigens and three serological markers of viral infections in alcoholic cirrhosis.

In order to study the genetic risk of alcoholic cirrhosis, the frequency of 26 HLA-A and -B antigens was compared in 184 normal controls, 175 alcoholic cirrhotic patients and 83 alcoholic patients with hepatic steatosis of carefully selected ethnic origin. Eight HLA-DR antigens were also determined in 95 subjects of the normal control group and 63 patients of the alcoholic cirrhosis group. The incidence of hepatitis B virus antibodies (anti-HBc and anti-HBs) was defined in 74 patients of the alcoholic steatosis group, 170 patients of the alcoholic cirrhosis group and 111 normal controls different from the previously mentioned normal control group. The incidence and the titers of cytomegalovirus and rubella antibodies were also determined in 93 patients of the alcoholic cirrhosis group and the 111 normal controls. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations were measured in the same 93 cirrhotic patients. Compared with the controls, the alcoholic cirrhosis group revealed a significantly higher frequency of HLA-B15 (21.7 vs. 9.8%, p less than 0.00025, corrected p less than 0.050) and HLA-DR4 (38.1 vs. 17.9%, p less than 0.005, corrected p less than 0.050) and a significantly lower frequency of HLA-B13 (2.9 vs. 11.4%, p less than 0.025, corrected p less than 0.050). As for the frequency of all other HLA antigens, there was no significant difference between the three groups (normal controls, alcoholic cirrhosis and alcoholic steatosis).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of discontinuous intravenous infusion of ramified amino acids on blood insulin, blood glucagon and protein metabolism in cirrhotic patients after 10 days. Results of a controlled comparative study with sorbitol].

In order to evaluate the effects of ramified amino acids on insulinaemia, glucagonaemia and protein metabolism, a 3-hour infusion of ramified amino acids (24 g in a 750 ml solution) was given daily during 10 days to 10 cirrhotic patients without hepatic encephalopathy (group I). Changes between the first and tenth day in plasma concentrations of plasma insulin, glucagon, ammonium, ramified and aromatic amino acids and 3 proteins (albumin, prealbumin and transferrin) markers of protein malnutrition were measured comparatively with 10 other cirrhotic patients who received daily a 750 ml infusion of 5 p. 100 sorbitol (group II). The patients, who had been randomized to group I or II, had à 2,200 calorie/day diet representing a 6 to 12 g nitrogen intake. The ramified amino acid infusions were well tolerated. They produced a significant (p less than 0.001) increase in glucagonaemia without significant change in insulinaemia, and a non-significant decrease of the plasma insulin/glucagon molar ratio. The arterial blood ammonium level was significantly (p less than 0.05) lowered in group I as compared to group II. The plasma ramified/aromatic amino acid molar ratio significantly (p less than 0.01) increased in group I but did not reach normal values; this increase was not significant when compared to group II. Finally, plasma concentrations of the 3 proteins indicating protein malnutrition remained low in both groups. These results suggest that daily intravenous administration of ramified amino acids for 10 days, to supplement a conventional diet failed to correct the protein hypercatabolism associated with cirrhosis; induced, however, a decrease in arterial blood ammonium levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acids, Branched-Chain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantification of hepatitis C virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a comparison between patients chronically infected by HCV and patients coinfected by HIV.

In patients chronically infected by hepatitis C virus (HCV), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were shown to be targets for virus replication and in those coinfected with HIV, HCV viraemia was considerably increased. The purpose of this study was to quantify HCV RNA in PBMCs from 25 patients infected by HCV and from 25 patients coinfected by HCV and HIV. We used the branched DNA assay after extraction of total RNA on 5 x 10(6) cells to quantify HCV RNA, and the Inno LiPA assay to determine the HCV genotype. HCV RNA in PBMCs could be quantified in 8/25 patients in each group, but the HCV RNA concentration was very low in comparison with viraemia, since the highest result was 8.1 x 10(4) Eq genome/10(6) cells. In 10 ml of total blood, there was approximately 100 to 5,000 times less HCV RNA in PBMCs than in the plasma. It is therefore likely that PBMCs play only a minor part in the viral load present in the plasma. There was no preferential genotype associated with quantifiable HCV RNA in the PBMCs. In the case of HIV coinfection, there was no increase in the HCV-RNA concentration in PBMCs that could explain the increased viraemia observed in these patients. On the contrary, HCV RNA could not even be detected by RT-PCR in some of our coinfected patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HIV increases hepatitis C viraemia irrespective of the hepatitis C virus genotype.

In case of coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HCV viraemia is increased. Because the HCV genotype 1 is associated with elevated viraemia, the increase in HCV viraemia observed and described in HIV+ patients could be attributed to the predominance of HCV genotype 1 in these patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify HCV RNA in patients coinfected with HIV and HCV, according to the HCV genotype. The HCV genotype was thus determined in serum samples of 59 HIV+HCV+ patients and 51 HIV-HCV+ patients. HCV RNA was quantified using a branched DNA assay and the HCV genotype was determined using the "InnoLiPA" technique. The distribution of the HCV genotype was not significantly different in the two groups of patients, and there were even more patients infected by genotype 1 in the HIV-HCV+ group. The mean HCV viraemia of patients infected by HCV genotype 1 and by HCV genotype 3 was higher in patients coinfected by HIV than in HIV- patients (p < 10(-7) and p = 0.05, respectively). The increase in HCV viraemia observed in HIV+ patients was not the result of a specific distribution of HCV genotype in these patients. HIV infection was responsible for an increase in HCV viraemia irrespective of the HCV genotype.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Strategies for the synthesis and screening of glycoconjugates. 1. A library of glycosylamines.

A simple one-step procedure is found to be highly effective for the "functionalization" of glycodiversity. This study encompasses 50 unprotected mono- and oligosaccharides, which are subjected to Kochetkov aminations in saturated aqueous ammonium carbonate. The reaction allows for the stereo- and regioselective introduction of an amino group into all oligosaccharides tested, as well as into a great variety of monosaccharides including charged species. The resulting unprotected glycosylamines are stable compounds, and the inherent amino group provides a convenient site for chemoselective conjugation and modification as described in the following paper in this issue.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Strategies for the synthesis and screening of glycoconjugates. 2. Covalent immobilization for flow cytometry.

Glycosylamines are readily available carbohydrate derivatives that undergo acylation reactions with homobifunctional N-hydroxysuccinimidyl esters. The product glycosylamides carry a spacer group equipped with one active ester functionality. This route provides well-defined glycoconjugates, which may be cross-linked to various amino-functionalized resins. Carbohydrate recognition of the resulting sugar-bead conjugates is probed by lectin immunostaining or flow cytometry using a fluorescently labeled lectin.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Activation of beta2-adrenergic receptors hastens relaxation and mediates phosphorylation of phospholamban, troponin I, and C-protein in ventricular myocardium from patients with terminal heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Catecholamines hasten cardiac relaxation through beta-adrenergic receptors, presumably by phosphorylation of several proteins, but it is unknown which receptor subtypes are involved in human ventricle. We assessed the role of beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors in phosphorylating proteins implicated in ventricular relaxation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Right ventricular trabeculae, obtained from freshly explanted hearts of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (n=5) or ischemic cardiomyopathy (n=5), were paced at 60 bpm. After measurement of the contractile and relaxant effects of epinephrine (10 micromol/L) or zinterol (10 micromol/L), mediated through beta2-adrenergic receptors, and of norepinephrine (10 micromol/L), mediated through beta1-adrenergic receptors, tissues were freeze clamped. We assessed phosphorylation of phospholamban, troponin I, and C-protein, as well as specific phosphorylation of phospholamban at serine 16 and threonine 17. Data did not differ between the 2 disease groups and were therefore pooled. Epinephrine, zinterol, and norepinephrine increased contractile force to approximately the same extent, hastened the onset of relaxation by 15+/-3%, 5+/-2%, and 20+/-3%, respectively, and reduced the time to half-relaxation by 26+/-3%, 21+/-3%, and 37+/-3%. These effects of epinephrine, zinterol, and norepinephrine were associated with phosphorylation (pmol phosphate/mg protein) of phospholamban 14+/-3, 12+/-4, and 12+/-3; troponin I 40+/-7, 33+/-7, and 31+/-6; and C-protein 7.2+/-1.9, 9.3+/-1.4, and 7.5+/-2.0. Phosphorylation of phospholamban occurred at both Ser16 and Thr17 residues through both beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors. CONCLUSIONS: Norepinephrine and epinephrine hasten human ventricular relaxation and promote phosphorylation of implicated proteins through both beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors, thereby potentially improving diastolic function.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radiologic double-contrast aspects of small esophageal cancers. 38 cases].

Double contrast radiological features of thirty eight small esophageal carcinoma are described. Double contrast study is essential in the detection of small esophageal carcinomas: localized thickening of the folds (29%), localized wall stiffness (23.6%), superficial ulcers (13%), discrete superficial nodule (42%), nodularity (15.7%), and ulcerated nodule (15.7%). In our series, six carcinomas arising from reflux esophagitis have the nodular appearance. As in the majority of the cases, small esophageal carcinomas are asymptomatic, when radiologic study of esophagus is performed in patients over 40 years with heavy alcohol and tobacco use, it is imperative to use the double contrast method and to carefully search for minor mucosal abnormalities.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Granular cell tumors of the esophagus. Apropos of a case associated with bronchial carcinoma and treated by endoscopic excision].

The case of a granular cell tumor of the lower esophagus associated with a bronchial carcinoma is reported. The esophageal tumor was discovered by radiological and endoscopic examination for symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux and caused dysphagia after 6 1/2 years. An associated bronchial carcinoma led to the endoscopic removal of the esophageal tumor immediately prior to the thoracotomy. Eight days after operation the patient presented an hematemesis probably related to the endoscopic polypectomy. The course can be considered favorable after 17 months concerning the esophageal as well as the pulmonary situation. Histologically the esophageal tumor was a typical granular cell tumor and the bronchial tumor a squamous cell carcinoma. Seventy-nine cases of granular cell tumors of the esophagus have been published; 10 p. 100 of the cases are associated with bronchial, digestive or otorhinolaryngeal carcinoma. The onset of the carcinoma is usually subsequent to the esophageal tumor, justifying prolonged surveillance. This is the third case of a granular cell tumor of the esophagus treated by endoscopic polypectomy; this type of treatment requires close short-term follow-up because of the risk of hemorrhage as well as long-term follow-up because of the possibility of a second esophageal localization.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative study of results of hepatic transplantation between 2 groups of patients: alcoholic cirrhosis versus non-alcoholic cirrhosis].

Among the patients treated for alcoholic cirrhosis, only a small group could be candidates for liver transplantation (LT). The aim of this multicentric study was to analyse the results of LT in a group of 75 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) compared with a group of 61 patients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis (NAC). Results were similar in both groups concerning survival rate and quality of life. However the ability to go back to a normal professional life was less in the AC group. The reported recurrence of alcoholic intoxication, which was around 26%, was much lower for patients who interrupted alcohol consumption during at least 3 months before L.T.

Adolescent↗