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Biomedical subjects

D V Bishop

Publications and source records attributed to D V Bishop.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Age of onset and outcome in 'acquired aphasia with convulsive disorder' (Landau-Kleffner syndrome).

The relationship between age at onset of language disorder and eventual outcome was examined in 45 cases of Landau-Kleffner syndrome reported in the literature, all of whom had been followed up to at least 12 years of age. A strong relationship was found, which is opposite to that for childhood aphasia after structural lesions of the left hemisphere; i.e. in Landau-Kleffner syndrome, the older the child at onset the better the prognosis for language.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Using non-preferred hand skill to investigate pathological left-handedness in an unselected population.

This paper considers whether pathological influences affect hand-preference among children with epilepsy or mental retardation, for whom there is no evidence of gross motor defect. Data on two tasks of manual skill were analysed for a group of over 12,000 children. The predicted association between poor skill with the non-preferred hand and left-handedness was confirmed for the match-sorting test, and was particularly strong among children with a neurological abnormality (excluding cerebral palsy). No association between poor skill and left-handedness was found for the preferred hand. The data agreed well with a model which estimates hand preference it it occurs on the previously preferred side. The probability of pathological left-handedness among left-handers in an unselected population is about 0.05--this is much higher for children with a history of neurological disease, epilepsy or mental retardation, and for children with poor performance of the non-preferred hand.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1983

Comprehension of English syntax by profoundly deaf children.

Seventy-nine profoundly deaf 8 to 12-year-olds were tested for comprehension of spoken, written and signed (Paget-Gorman Sign System, PGSS) English grammatical contrasts. Understanding of spoken language was below the 4-year-old level, with few deaf children understanding enough vocabulary to attempt the test. On written and signed forms, many children responded to content words with little understanding of grammar. Others would interpret word order sequentially, producing characteristic errors. PGSS can provide a viable communication channel and does not hinder oral or written language acquisition, but it does not overcome the grammatical problems of deaf children.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Comprehension of spoken, written and signed sentences in childhood language disorders.

Nine children suffering from Landau-Kleffner syndrome and 25 children with developmental expressive disorder were tested for comprehension of the grammatical structure of English in spoken, written and signed (Paget-Gorman) language modalities. It is shown that the comprehension problems of children with landau-Kleffner syndrome are not restricted to spoken language, but are also found when written or signed language is used. Further, in all three language modalities these children show deviant patterns of comprehension consistent with the notion that they treat language as having a sequential rather than a hierarchical structure. However, similar patterns of performance are found in profoundly deaf children, indicating that peripheral auditory deprivation is a sufficient condition for these deviant patterns of comprehension to develop.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Verbal-performance discrepancies: relationship to birth risk and specific reading retardation.

169 unselected children were given the WPPSI at 4 1/2 years and the WISC-R at 8 1/2 years. Retrospective data on perinatal risk factors and neurological disease in childhood were collected. Verbal-performance discrepancies at 4 1/2 years were not related to perinatal risk, childhood neurological disease, left-handedness or subsequent reading ability. A weak relationship was found between WISC-R verbal-performance discrepancies and perinatal history. At 8 1/2 years, VIQ correlated much more strongly with reading ability than did PIQ. Consequently, the relationship between verbal-performance discrepancy and specific reading retardation depends critically on how reading retardation is defined. Logical problems concerning the definition of specific reading retardation are discussed.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Handedness, clumsiness and cognitive ability.

An unselected group of 170 children aged between eight and nine years was given tests of intelligence, reading ability and manual dexterity. A 'target' group of children was selected on the basis of very poor performance with the non-preferred hand. Using an extension of Satz's pathological left-handedness model, it is argued that there should be a higher proportion of left-handers in the target group than in the remainder of the sample: this prediction was confirmed. It was also predicted that the target group should have a higher incidence of neurological disorder, and that left-handers in the target group should have a lower incidence of familial sinistrality than other left-handers. Partial confirmation of these predictions was obtained. The target group was impaired on cognitive tasks. It is argued that skill with the non-preferred hand may be more meaningful than direction of hand preference as a basis for understanding relationships between handedness and ability.

Birth Order↗
PubMed1979

Orthoptic status and reading disability.

147 unselected 8-year-olds were given tests of intelligence, reading ability and orthoptic status, including the reference eye test described by Dunlop, Dunlop and Fenelon (1973). We failed to replicate their findings of a raised incidence of convergence deficiency, defective stereopsis and esophoria in children with specific reading disability. Furthermore, in contrast to their results, we found that crossed reference (i.e. reference eye on opposite side to preferred hand) was common in this sample and not associated with reading problems.

Brain Mapping↗