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Biomedical subjects

D Turner

Publications and source records attributed to D Turner.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Treatment options in responding to drug misuse problems.

Reducing both the supply of and demand for drugs is a major theme in efforts to control the drug problem. It is essential to recognize that demand-reduction efforts are critical to enable supply-reduction efforts to have realizable goals. The initial goal of any intervention must be the limitation of harm to the individual and society. The primary goal is to reduce the prevalence of drug misuse within the community. The provision of a wide range of integrated approaches is essential if demand-reduction programmes are to be successful in contacting drug misusers, maintaining that contact and successfully assisting the individual through treatment, rehabilitation and social reintegration. The article summarizes the more common approaches to the treatment, rehabilitation and social reintegration of drug-dependent persons.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1988

Sexual functioning after treatment of in situ vulvar cancer: preliminary report.

Forty-two patients treated for in situ vulvar cancer at two institutions participated in structured assessment interviews and completed questionnaires to examine postoperative sexual, marital, and psychological adjustment. Patient responses were compared with a matched sample of gynecologically healthy women. The results indicated a specific pattern of sexual disruption for the women treated for preinvasive disease. Sexual behavior patterns appeared to be maintained, as was the desire phase of the sexual response cycle. However, there was specific disruption of the phases of excitement and resolution and, to a lesser extent, orgasm. In addition to a two- to threefold increase in the frequency of sexual dysfunction, 30% of the sample was sexually inactive at follow-up. Although replication of these findings is necessary, this investigation suggests that sexual functioning correlates with the magnitude of treatment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Lineage analysis in the vertebrate nervous system by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer.

We describe a cell-lineage marking system applicable to the vertebrate nervous system. The basis of the technique is gene transfer using the retroviral vector system. We used Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase as a marker gene and demonstrate a high level of expression of this marker from the viral long terminal repeat promoter, with simultaneous expression of the Tn5 neo gene from the simian virus 40 early promoter. This expression has allowed us to detect individual infected cells histochemically. We applied this marking technique to the study of lineage relationships in the developing vertebrate nervous system, both in vivo and in culture. In the rat retina, we injected virus in vivo and histochemically identified clones of marked neural cells. In addition, we used this virus to infect cultures of rat cerebral cortex and have analyzed the clonal relationships of morphologically different neural cell types. The host range of the marking system extends to avian as well as mammalian species. Thus, this system should have broad applicability as a means of gene transfer and expression in the nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A small DNA molecule containing covalently-linked ribonucleotides originates from the large intergenic region of the cauliflower mosaic virus genome.

We have detected a small DNA molecule (sa-DNA), 725 nucleotides long, in cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV)-infected, but not non-infected, turnip leaves. Alkali and RNase A treatments shortened sa-DNA by 100 nucleotides and we conclude that it contains covalently-linked ribonucleotides. This DNA co-purified with cellular polyadenylated RNA. It is complementary to the beta-strand of CaMV DNA and of opposite polarity to RNAs transcribed from the alpha-strand. Hybridisation studies suggest that sa-DNA originates from the large intergenic region (IR1) of the CaMV genome. A small double-stranded DNA with three single-stranded components, which co-purifies with cellular DNA, appears to be related to sa-DNA but lacks detectable ribonucleotides.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1983

Arterial lesions and blood lipids in rhesus monkeys fed human diets.

The results of three consecutive experiments are reported in which atherosclerotic lesions of adult male rhesus monkeys produced by a ration relatively rich in calories, cholesterol, and saturated fats and resembling the "average American" table-prepared fare were compared with the atherosclerotic lesions in similar monkeys fed a low-fat, low-cholesterol, and low-calorie, so-called "prudent" table-prepared ration. Each experiment lasted 2 years. The frequency and severity of gross and microscopic aortic atheromatous disease and microscopic coronary artery disease were compared. In addition, the qualitative features of the lesions, several types of analyses of blood lipids, and the reactions of aortic cells to in vivo deposited interstitial aortic deposits of lipoprotein fractions prepared from these animals are described. In general, the animals fed the average American ration had serum cholesterols that were consistently higher (383 +/- 35 mg%) than animals fed the prudent ration (199 +/- 13 mg%). The contrasts in lesion involvement varied from about 6:1 in severity for both aortic and coronary lesions to approximately 3:1 or 4:1 in frequency. The aortic gross surface area involvement at autopsy was 46% for monkeys fed the average American ration compared to 7% for the prudent diet group. In lesions of animals fed the average American ration much of the lipid was extracellular and both cell proliferation and fiber protein deposition were prominent. The small lesions in the animals fed the prudent ration were much more likely to be composed mostly of "foam cell" intimal thickenings. The lesions seen in the animals fed the average American ration resemble those seen in autopsies of many young Americans whose lesions have been studied recently and who demonstrate raised lesions in their coronary arteries and aortas in the third decade.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Biochemical and pharmacological studies on the opiate receptors from human placenta.

The effect of different enzymatic treatments on the specific binding of 3H-Etorphine to the membrane bound opiate receptors from human placenta was studied. Phospholipase A2 inhibited etorphine binding, suggesting either that phospholipids are essential for ligand binding or that products of the phospholipase A2 reaction, either lysophospholipids or fatty acids, disrupt the membrane integrity because of their detergent like properties. Trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin had no effect, suggesting that the receptors binding site was not accessible to these proteolytic enzymes. We also find that the placental villus upon in vitro stimulation with potassium releases acetylcholine. The inhibitory effect of morphine on acetylcholine release was investigated.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1980

Amyloid P-component in human glomerular basement membrane. Abnormal patterns of immunofluorescent staining in glomerular disease.

Serum amyloid P-component (SAP) is a normal plasma protein and is a constituent of normal human glomerular basement membrane. Immunofluorescence with anti-SAP antibody produced characteristic linear staining along the glomerular basement membrane in normal kidney. Distinctive abnormal staining patterns were seen in renal biopsy specimens from patients with diabetes, membranous glomerulonephritis, mesangiocapillary nephritis, systemic vasculitis, Goodpasture's syndrome.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1980

Prolonged brainstem transmission time in autism.

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) to clicks presented monaurally were gathered for 16 institutionalized children with a prior diagnosis of autism and with no hearing loss as tested by standard audiometry. Twenty age-matched normal children served as controls. Brainstem transmission time, defined as BAEP interpeak I-V latency, was prolonged significantly on the average in the autistic sample on both left and right sides. Individually, BAEPs for 9 of the 16 autistic children (or 56%) on whom some electrophysiological data were gathered were classified as abnormal when compared to the norms established in the control group. The most common BAEP abnormality was a prolonged interpeak III-V latency on the left side.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Treatment of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis in children with combined immunosuppression and anticoagulation.

10 children with mesangiocapillary (membranoproliferative) glomerulonephritis with features associated with a poor prognosis (either crescentic nephritis or a decline in renal function occurring after the initial presentation) were treated with a combination of immunosuppression and anticoagulation using corticosteroids, azathioprine, and heparin followed by warfarin and dipyridamole. Children were followed up for between 2 and 5 years, and at the end of this period 2 had died and 2 had entered the dialysis/transplant programme, but 6 were well (5 with glomerular filtration rates greater than 65 ml/min per 1 x 73 m2). We suggest that these results are sufficiently promising to encourage further trials of this form of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Intussusception in older children.

In a retrospective series of 37 cases of intussusception in children over 2 years of age, it was found that a subacute or chronic presentation was more common than in infancy, that few of them had rectal bleeding, and only a minority had a palpable intussusception. Diagnosis was often difficult but was helped by plain abdominal x-rays. Although the majority of children underwent surgery, with a 22% incidence of lead points, it is concluded that attempted hydrostatic reduction in these older children is not contraindicated, provided x-rays do not show small bowel obstruction.

Adolescent↗