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Biomedical subjects

D Thouvenot

Publications and source records attributed to D Thouvenot.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Acyclovir-resistant chronic cutaneous herpes simplex in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

A 28-year-old man with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome presented with ulcerative-proliferative lesions on his face from which herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) was isolated. He was initially treated with 10 mg/kg of acyclovir (Zovirax) intravenously every 8 h, but his skin lesions worsened. Clinical resistance to acyclovir was suspected, and therapy with this drug was intensified. The dosage of acyclovir was increased to 45 mg/kg, administered by continuous infusion, and the lesions subsequently resolved. The strain of HSV recovered from the patient showed acyclovir-resistance in vitro, using the colorimetric method with neutral red. Herpes simplex virus resistance to acyclovir is rare. It is more common in immunocompromised patients if subtherapeutic doses are administered in the treatment of chronic persistent forms of infection. Whenever clinical resistance to acyclovir is suspected, the dosage should be increased to 2 mg/kg per h administered via an infusion pump. If no improvement is observed in the patient's condition with this regimen, a phosphorylated medication whose mechanism of action is not dependent on viral thymidine kinase, such as foscarnet (phosphonoformic acid), should be substituted.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1994

Epidemiology of viral infections and evaluation of the potential benefit of OM-85 BV on the virologic status of children attending day-care centers.

Viral investigations were performed during 4 winter seasons (88/89, 89/90, 92/93, 93/94) in children attending day-care centers (DCCs) in the Rhône Département in eastern France. Over the total observation period of 4 winter seasons, 780 children were screened with a nasal swab for the presence of viruses. Of those, 230 (29.5%) had a positive viral culture. The viruses identified were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B virus, parainfluenza virus, coronavirus, rhinovirus, adenovirus and enterovirus. During that time, 83 epidemic events in 47 DCC were recorded. A particular virus was judged to be causally related to an epidemic if the identical virus was isolated in > or = 3 children during the same outbreak of respiratory diseases. Thus, in 51 cases (61.4%) of all epidemics, the following viruses were responsible for an epidemic: RSV (n = 23), coronavirus (n = 10) (only during the season of 1993-1994), influenza A virus (n = 6), rhinovirus (n = 4), enterovirus (n = 4), adenovirus (n = 3) and parainfluenza virus (n = 1). Except for the somewhat surprising accumulation of coronavirus epidemics during the winter of 1993-1994, there were only minor seasonal variations from one year to another. As expected, RSV accounted for about one third of all respiratory tract infections in children attending DCCs and was therefore the most important single causative agent. These results are compared with data from children who did not attend a DCC and were cared for in a private practice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1994

Lindane haematotoxicity confirmed by in vitro tests on human and rat progenitors.

Blood dyscrasias such as aplastic anaemia and leukopenia are described following the use of lindane for agricultural purposes or against ectoparasites in animal and human health. In order to determine the involvement of lindane in these effects, an in vitro model of haematotoxicity evaluation has been used. Culture of haematopoietic progenitors, Colony Forming Unit-Granulocyte and Macrophage (CFU-GM), have been performed in the presence of lindane with increasing concentrations. Results showed that lindane was cytotoxic for human progenitors. They were one thousand times more sensitive to the lindane than rat CFU-GM. This cytotoxicity was observed with lindane concentrations similar to those measured in human blood in cases of acute intoxication and in fat tissues of exposed populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[African histoplasmosis: clinical and therapeutic aspects, relation to AIDS. Apropos of 4 cases, including a case with HIV-1-HTLV-1 co-infection].

The authors report 4 cases of African histoplasmosis in Zaïrans. The diagnostic was based ou cutaneous (4 patients), bones (3), lymph-nodes (2), and bowel-localizations (1) and was confirmed by the presence of Histoplasma duboisiis yeasts in cutaneous biopsy (4 patients), in pus of abscess or cutaneous lesions (3) and in stools (1). Two HIV seronegatives patients had a good outcome with amphotericin B. One patient died without any treatment. One HIV-1 and HTLV-1 seropositive patient had successful short-term outcome with ketoconazole. Seven others cases of association between African histoplasmosis and AIDS are noted in the literature. They suggest the opportunistic nature of this deep mycosis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

In vitro study of pesticide hematotoxicity in human and rat progenitors.

Some pesticides are hematotoxic and cause aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, neutropenia, and thrombopenia. In order to evaluate hematopoietic progenitor cultures in the exploration of pesticide hematotoxicity, human and rat colony-forming unit-granulocyte and macrophage (CFU-GM) were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of pesticides, known to be either hematotoxic or innocuous for blood cells. The results were compared to the control culture of the same sample. Four insecticides (lindane, azinphos, mevinphos, parathion methyl), three herbicides, (2,4,5, T, bromacil, MCPA), and two fungicides (fosethyl-aluminum, DNOC) were tested and exhibited the following data: 1) Pesticides, known to be hematotoxic, inhibited the development of progenitors. Different phenomena were observed and suggested different mechanisms: cell destruction, block in mitosis, decrease or delay in mitosis. 2) Difference in sensitivity to molecules between human and rat progenitors was observed. Human progenitors were more sensitive to pesticides, except for 2,4,5 T.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Chlamydial endocarditis: a report on ten cases.

Over the period 1983-1990, 10 cases of infective native-valve endocarditis as a result of Chlamydia were seen. All patients were men, with a mean age of 42 years, and none had a history of exposure to Chlamydia psittaci. Symptoms, such as weight loss and anorexia, with fever in eight cases, had persisted for at least 2 months before admission. Haemodynamic failure was present in seven patients, and neurological signs in four. The aortic valve was involved in seven cases, the mitral valve in one and both valves in two. Vegetations, often fingerlike, were observed by echocardiography in nine cases. All patients required valve replacement, and three died in the year following diagnosis. Blood cultures were consistently negative in all cases, and no antibiotics had been given before admission. Significant titres of complement fixing anti-chlamydial antibodies were present in six cases, and micro-immunofluorescence using the three chlamydial species showed cross-reacting antibodies in all nine cases studied, with transient IgM positivity in six cases. Histologically, the leaflets were fibrosed and infiltrated by large macrophages containing dark red granules after Machiavello staining. These granules were specifically stained by immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibody to Chlamydia common antigen, but not by that specific for C. pneumoniae. No organisms were seen after Gram staining, and no positive chlamydial immunofluorescence was seen on sections of valves from patients with staphylococcal or streptococcal endocarditis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Comparison between three rapid methods for direct diagnosis of influenza and the conventional isolation procedure.

Besides the rapid diagnostic tests based on influenza A and B antigens nucleoproteins detection, which are routinely used, the isolation of influenza strains is still required to obtain recent variant isolates for full antigenic characterization, in order to up-date the influenza vaccine composition. To increase the rapidity and the efficacy of the virus growth, we implemented a culture test in 24-well plates by centrifugation of samples on to LLCMK2 cells in the presence of trypsin. This test was routinely applied to 331 nasopharyngeal swabs collected during the influenza A outbreak in the winters 1988-1989 and to 962 in 1989-1990. The centrifugation culture assay has been compared with the direct detection of NP antigens in the clinical samples by immunofluorescence and capture ELISA tests and with the conventional virus isolation by inoculation of the samples to embryonated eggs and to LLCMK2 cell cultures. Compared with the NP antigen detection tests, the centrifugation culture assay closely correlated (r = 0.95) and the sensitivity and specificity were also excellent, 93.4% and 99.6%, respectively. Compared with the conventional culture assays, the centrifugation culture markedly increased the performance (five times) and rapidity (2 days) of influenza virus isolation and identification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Rapid diagnosis of influenza infection of NP antigen using an immunocapture ELISA test.

An immunocapture ELISA test for the diagnosis of human and animal influenza A and/or B is described. A monoclonal anti-nucleoprotein (NP) antibody was used to capture the NP antigen and the captured antigen was detected by an anti-NP polyclonal rabbit antiserum. Compared with the usual diagnostic method by cultivation in embryonated eggs, this test had a high specificity (97%) and sensitivity when used for diagnosis using clinical nasopharyngeal samples obtained from patients and animals. Immunocapture ELISA permitted an easier reading than the indirect immunofluorescence technique. It also permitted diagnosis in frozen samples (-20 degrees C) or in infected LLCMK2 cells mixed with uninfected nasopharyngeal cells and kept at 20 degrees C for one week. This test can be carried out in 3 h.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of murabutide in OF1 mice infected with influenza A/H3N2 (A/Texas/1/77) virus.

The antiviral activity of a novel biological response modifier (murabutide MDP derivative) has been investigated in 3-week-old OF1 mice infected with influenza (A/Texas/1/77) virus. In each experimental and control group, 10 mice were infected intranasally with a viral dose producing 50% mortality in 5 days and received murabutide via the subcutaneous or intranasal route at various doses either in a simple or in daily repeated administration. All experiments were done in triplicate. Significant prophylactic or therapeutic effects were observed when murabutide was administered the same day as virus, 4 days or 2 days before virus, and 2 days later. These effects varied with the route of administration and the doses of the compound.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1987

Detection of herpes simplex virus in direct specimens by immunofluorescence assay using a monoclonal antibody.

A monoclonal antibody (MAb), designated CHA 437, was developed against herpes simplex virus (HSV). This MAb (isotype, immunoglobulin G2b K) reacted with HSV type 1 and HSV type 2. It showed no cross-reactivity with varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, or Epstein-Barr virus. Direct detection of HSV antigen in clinical specimens using indirect immunofluorescence with this MAb was compared with tissue culture isolation. For the 682 specimens tested, the direct specimen test gave a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 95.7%.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Infections caused by RS virus in young infants].

We saw 5 young infants with severe pneumonias due to RS virus (diagnosed serologically). Three of these infants were born as premature babies. Artificial ventilation was necessary in two cases. After the case reports follows a discussion of the most important problems of epidemiology, diagnostics and therapy of RS virus infections in young infants.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

[Fulminant herpesvirus hepatitis in a child. Apropos of 2 cases].

The authors report two cases of fulminant hepatitis in children. Coagulopathy was early demonstrated in the two patients. The illness progressed rapidly and the two children died before receiving antiviral treatment. Herpes virus was demonstrated in the hepatocytes by electron microscopy.

Blood Coagulation Disorders↗
PubMed1985

Rapid diagnosis of echovirus type 33 meningitis by specific IgM detection using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

During an outbreak of meningitis in France (in the Lyon area), from June to October 1982, serum and stool samples were collected from 227 patients. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for titrating IgG and IgM antibodies anti-echovirus type 33 was developed and compared with the virus isolation technique, and with the titration of neutralizing antibodies. In 39 patients excreting echovirus 33 in faeces, the ELISA test allowed a positive serodiagnosis in 85% of the cases by detection of specific IgM (64% of the cases) and by seroconversion (21%). Compared with the neutralization (Nt) test, ELISA was found to be more sensitive. The antibody titres in ELISA were over 50 times higher and detected earlier than the neutralizing antibodies. This early immune response allowed a rapid diagnosis by specific IgM detection in the acute sera collected within 8 days after the appearance of the clinical symptoms in more than 50% of the 97 patients examined, whereas the Nt test allowed a positive serodiagnosis in only 32% of the patients. The use of a caesium chloride purified antigen insured the specificity of the reactions.

Adolescent↗