Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to D Taylor.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Congenital idiopathic microcoria.

Five infants had congenital unilateral microcoria. The red reflex was absent and vision was severely reduced in all five eyes preoperatively. A pupil was created surgically in three of the eyes, resulting in a variable improvement in vision. The underlying lens was clear in all three children. The origin of the pupillary anomaly is unknown, but probably is related to remnants of the fetal pupillary membrane. Early surgical treatment and vigorous occlusion therapy can result in useful vision.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1988

Biotinylated recombinant interleukin-2. A tool for research on the interleukin-2 receptor.

Recombinant interleukin-2 was biotinylated using a N-hydroxyl-succinimidyl [3H]biotin ester. The biotinylated lymphokine retained full binding and growth-promoting activities when assayed on the interleukin-2-dependent murine cell line HT-2. In preliminary studies, biotinylated interleukin-2 was used in conjunction with immunogold staining to demonstrate cell surface interleukin-2 receptors using both light and electron microscopy techniques. In addition, with rabbit anti-biotin antibodies, biotin-interleukin-2 was able to precipitate the 55 kDa IL-2 receptor from murine HT-2 cells. Thus, biotin-interleukin-2 represents a useful, non-radioactive tool for studying the structure and function of the interleukin-2 receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Growth hormone-albumin conjugates. Reduced renal toxicity and altered plasma clearance.

The effective therapeutic use of many small peptides such as growth hormone has been limited by their small molecular masses and rapid clearance by the kidneys. Moreover, various degrees of nephrotoxicity have been reported for small proteins which are readily filtered at the level of the glomerulus. We have attempted to circumvent this drawback by conjugating growth hormone (somatotropin) to serum albumin in an effort to alter the peptide's pharmacokinetics while retaining its biological activity.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1988

Topologic analysis of the epitopes of a variant surface glycoprotein of Trypanosoma brucei.

A panel of variant-specific mAb has been raised against the Trypanosoma brucei variant MITat 1.2. The binding characteristics of these mAb have been determined by a combination of immunofluorescence assays, using living or fixed trypanosomes, and solid phase assays, using purified variant surface glycoprotein. In addition, these mAb have been tested for their ability to neutralize MITat 1.2 infections in mice. Finally, the epitopes recognized by the mAb have been defined by competitive binding assays. These results are discussed with respect to the structural organization of the surface coat of T. brucei.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of the structure of the murine interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor on cytotoxic and helper T cell lines by chemical cross-linking of 125I-labeled IL 2.

The structure of the murine interleukin 2 receptor (IL 2R), on a cytotoxic (CTLL) and a helper (HT2) cell line, has been studied by a combination of chemical cross-linking with 125I-labeled IL 2 and immunoprecipitation with an anti-receptor monoclonal antibody (7D4). In CTLL cells both methods detected the major 57-kDa IL 2-binding protein and in addition the cross-linking studies revealed the presence of a 70-75-kDa protein associated with the high-affinity receptor. In the HT2 cell line, however, immunoprecipitation studies revealed three additional proteins of 18, 22 and 37 kDa to the expected 50-kDa receptor protein. Again cross-linking studies demonstrated the presence of a 70-75-kDa protein, which was not immunoprecipitable with the 7D4 antibody. The low molecular polypeptides in HT2 cell were associated with the low-affinity receptor and represented most likely breakdown products of the 50-kDa protein. Whereas the 18- and 22-kDa proteins were involved in ligand binding, the 37-kDa fragment carried the epitope recognized by the 7D4 antibody. Comparative studies with two IL 2R antibodies, PC61 and 7D4, revealed that only PC61 inhibited the formation of the IL 2 alpha/beta chain complex, although both antibodies reportedly prevent the biological response to IL 2. It is speculated that the 37-kDa fragment, which reacts with the 7D4 antibody, might be involved in IL 2 signal transduction. Finally there was no evidence for the existence of a high molecular weight component of the IL 2R, previously described as gamma chain. In summary, the two-chain structure of the IL 2R has been confirmed for both murine cell lines with some heterogeneity of the alpha chain. The possibility was raised that a 37-kDa fragment of the alpha chain plays a role of in signal transduction.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Pattern- and flash-evoked potentials in patients with dissociated vertical deviation.

Pattern reversal and flash evoked potentials were recorded in 13 children with dissociated vertical deviation. We found no evidence of anomalous responses to pattern reversal half-field stimulation and no asymmetries in flash responses as reported to occur in albinism. However, we found that patients with dissociated vertical deviation had significantly smaller monocular and binocular pattern responses compared to a group of age-matched control subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Advanced manufacturing technology: The implications for human resources strategies.

In recent years, the human factors community has devoted much attention to specifying the conditions required for successful exploitation of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT). Through their accumulated experience and detailed analyses, practitioners have developed prescriptions for action which, it can be predicted with a high degree of confidence will maximise the chances of successful AMT application. Equally remarkable, however, has been the - at best - partial and incomplete application of these prescriptions as a means of improving industrial performance. This paper considers the reasons why companies have, to a large extent, failed to incorporate human factors thinking in their strategies, and why corporate performance has suffered as a result. The paper locates some reasons for the low utilisation of human factors expertise in a disjunction between, on the one hand, the ways in which chief executives see the world and articulate their concerns, and, on the other hand, the way in which human factors experts formulate and advocate the application of their proposals. Some examples of the problem are discussed, and specific remedies proposed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Use of an enzyme immunoassay to detect serum IgG antibodies to Haemophilus ducreyi.

An experimental enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detecting serum IgG antibody to Haemophilus ducreyi was developed using an ultrasonicated whole-cell antigen. The mean optical densities (OD) for sera from men with proven chancroid from Nairobi (47 patients) and Bangkok (72 patients) were significantly higher than those obtained from Nairobi men with genital ulcers not due to H. ducreyi, from Nairobi men with urethritis, from pregnant women in Nairobi, and from European men with sexually transmitted disease. When an OD of 0.500 was taken as the cutoff value, 89% and 55% of men with proven chancroid in Nairobi and Bangkok, respectively, were positive for H. ducreyi antibody, as compared with 2%-17% in the control groups. A rise in OD was observed in five of 18 patients with clinical chancroid. These results confirm the development of circulating antibodies in chancroid and suggest that this EIA may be useful for the diagnosis and epidemiological study of H. ducreyi infection.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1988

Being healthy: women's images.

Although the concept of health is central to nursing practice and science, measurement of the concept has lagged far behind theory development. The study presented extends Laffrey's earlier work by describing the meaning of health for a population of women representing multiple ethnic groups residing in the Pacific Northwest. A sample of 528 women from a cross-section of a community who had participated in a study of women's health was asked to respond to the question, "What does being healthy mean to you?" In addition to evidence of the clinical, role performance, and adaptive models of health, the women's responses yielded nine dimensions consistent with the eudaemonistic model. Each dimension included multiple descriptors identified through content analysis of the women's verbatim responses. The women's images of health were consistent with Smith's and Laffrey's four conceptions, but the eudaemonistic category included multiple dimensions. The women reported images of health consistent with contemporary nursing theorists' views. Moreover, their emphasis on eudaemonistic images crossed all categories of age, education, income, ethnicity, and employment status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effect of dilution rate and Mg2+ limitation on toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 production by Staphylococcus aureus grown in defined continuous culture.

A toxic shock syndrome isolate of Staphylococcus aureus was grown in a chemostat, in a defined synthetic medium of six amino acids, glucose, two vitamins and salts. Steady states were achieved under limiting and replete Mg2+ conditions and at a range of relative specific growth rates. The biomass and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) were estimated at each condition. Under Mg2+ limitation the biomass and TSST-1 production rates were reduced compared to Mg2+ replete conditions. Optimal TSST-1 production occurred at 0.81 relative specific growth rate.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1988

The relationship of circulating IgA to cellular immunity in head and neck cancer patients.

The relationship of circulating IgA titers and multiple parameters of cell-mediated immunity was examined in 97 patients with head and neck cancer. In 26% of the patients, IgA titers were above one standard deviation of controls, with highest levels noted in patients with advanced disease. In 40 patients for whom multiple immune parameters were tested in vitro, increasing concentrations of IgA were associated with an enhanced immunologic helper state defined by a generalized hypergammaglobulinemia, increased percentage of T4+ lymphocytes, higher T4/T8 ratio, and an increased lymphocyte blastogenesis response to mitogens. IgA concentrations were inversely related to percentages and absolute number of Leu 11+ natural killer cell subsets, and also to disease-free survival (p less than 0.005 by Cox proportional hazards model). The immune correlations identified here are similar to those noted in many autoimmune diseases. Head and neck cancer patients are an immunologically heterogeneous population, among whom elevated IgA blood levels may reflect the autoimmune nature of cancer, an immunologic state defined by its tumor-promoting capacity.

Adult↗