Perimenstrual symptoms and health-seeking behavior.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
D Taylor
Publications and source records attributed to D Taylor.
Anger, depression, and anxiety following heroin withdrawal.
Residents in a detoxification/motivation program for drug users provided speech samples just after detoxification and again 5 weeks later. Content analysis scales were used to obtain scores for Hostility (Inward, Outward, and Ambivalent), Cognitive Anxiety, Pawn, Origin, and Sociality. Comparisons were made with scores from a previous sample of students, unemployed people, and drug users. At the end of the program there were significant positive changes in all scores except those for Hostility Outward and Pawn. Of particular interest was the anger expressed just after detoxification and maintained at a significantly high level during the following weeks. This suggests a need for drug-treatment programs to include specific anger-management interventions.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Aspects of albinism.
Genetic, clinical and electrophysiological aspects of albinism are described. Emphasis is placed on electrophysiological features which help to distinguish albinism from other clinical conditions, and on stimulating and recording factors which can affect the clarity of VEP results.
Albinism, Ocular↗
The use of video in assessing and illustrating abnormal eye movements in young children.
Eye movement studies can be useful in neuro-ophthalmological investigations of infants and young children. In our laboratory we use a combination of an electro-oculogram and video to record eye movements. A composite video image is created consisting of an image of the electro-oculographic eye movement trace superimposed on an image of the patient's eyes and face. This permits the qualitative clinical appearance of the case to be illustrated simultaneously with the quantitative eye movement trace.
Electrooculography↗
Liquid preparations for oral administration.
Liquids are easier to swallow and act more quickly than solid dosage forms, but may be unpalatable and relatively unstable. Solutions contain dissolved drugs and may be difficult to formulate or to make palatable; suspensions are usually more pleasant to take but accuracy of dosing may be affected by settling of drug particles. The dose of a drug in liquid and solid form may differ because different drug compounds are often used. Liquids contain many additives which can give rise to adverse affects in the patient.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
The effects of epidural versus parenteral opioid analgesia on postoperative pain and pulmonary function in adults who have undergone thoracic and abdominal surgery: a critique of research.
Studies comparing epidural and parenteral opioid analgesia for patients experiencing thoracic or abdominal surgery are analyzed with respect to differences in postoperative pain and pulmonary function. Although most studies suggest that epidural analgesia is superior for postoperative pain relief, few clearly demonstrate an improvement in pulmonary function attributable to epidural analgesia. Recommendations for future research are proposed to improve the design, measurement, analysis, and reporting of studies. Research relevant to the nursing care of patients receiving epidural analgesia is suggested.
Abdomen↗
Adolescent use of contraceptives.
This chapter describes the relationship between adolescent contraceptive use and pregnancy, factors that influence the relationship, and strategies to improving decision making and contraceptive use. Contraceptive choices, with specific recommendations for the adolescent client, are outlined. The role of the nurse is described, and specific suggestions are given to help in counseling the teen-age client.
Adolescent↗
Hypertension, proteinuria and azotaemia in diabetes.
The prevalence of hypertension was evaluated in 479 white subjects with diabetes, according to the type of diabetes and the presence of persistent proteinuria as a marker for diabetic nephropathy. Hypertension was uncommon in 178 insulin dependent diabetic subjects without proteinuria (5%) (mean age 25.0 +/- 12.5 years), but occurred in 23% of 58 patients with proteinuria (mean age 28.9 +/- 14.1 years) and in 90% with azotaemia (P less than 0.00001). Among patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes hypertension was found in 25% of 170 without renal disease (mean age 48.0 +/- 10.3 years) and in 53% of 53 (mean age 51.4 +/- 13.0 years) with proteinuria (P = 0.0002). We conclude that the prevalence of hypertension among subjects with diabetes depends on the type of diabetes, age, and the presence and severity of diabetic renal involvement.
Adolescent↗
Funding family health services.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Budgets↗
Reported social alcohol consumption during pregnancy and infants' development at 18 months.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relation between mothers' self reported drinking habits before, during, and after pregnancy and infants' mental and motor development at 18 months of age. DESIGN: Follow up study of all singleton live births born to primigravidas living in Dundee and booked into antenatal clinics from 1 May 1985 to 30 April 1986. SETTING: District of Dundee. SUBJECTS: 846 children aged 18 months, of whom 592 attended for assessment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Scores on Bayley scales of infant mental and motor development. RESULTS: For full term children, maternal alcohol consumption was not significantly related to any adverse effect on the children's mental or motor development measures at age 18 months. After confounding factors had been controlled for, alcohol consumption before pregnancy and after pregnancy was significantly related to better motor performance and mental performance. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women probably need not abstain from alcohol altogether as no detectable adverse relation was found between the child's mental and physical development and the mother's weekly consumption at levels in excess of 100g absolute alcohol. However, to allow for a margin of safety and taking into account the findings of an earlier phase of this study on the immediate effects on the newborn, it is recommended that pregnant women should drink no more than eight units of alcohol a week, the equivalent of about one drink a day.
Alcohol Drinking↗
Congenital malignant melanoma of the eye.
Twenty-three cases of congenital malignant melanoma have previously been reported. Here the authors report the first case of a congenital malignant melanoma arising in the eye. A newborn girl had a large pigmented ocular tumor, hepatomegaly, and multiple pigmented skin and choroidal lesions. The histopathologic diagnosis was of a malignant melanoma with hepatic metastases. The skin and choroidal lesions were considered to be congenital melanocytic nevi. The most plausible pathogenetic link between these two conditions was that the malignancy had arisen as a second-hit mutation within a choroidal congenital melanocytic nevus. Despite widespread metastases the baby, treated by surgery and chemotherapy, survives in good health, aged 2 years, 10 months.
Eye Neoplasms↗
Effect of organic anions on the crystallization of the Ca2(+)-ATPase of muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum.
The effect of varying the solute species on the crystallization of the Ca2(+)-ATPase from rabbit muscle reticulum (SR) is reported. We have found that substitution of KCl with salts of organic acids in the crystallization protocol reported by Pikula et al. has a profound effect on the size of two-dimensional crystalline arrays. Crystalline arrays of up to 3 microns diameter have been obtained by incubating purified calcium ATPase in standard crystallization medium but with 0.8 M sodium propionate substituted for KCl. These two-dimensional (2-D) arrays display a reduced tendency to stack in addition to having larger planar dimensions. Increasing the KCl concentration does not have the same effect on stacking or crystal growth that sodium propionate has. The production of 2-D sheets has some dependence on the hydrocarbon chain length of the salt because crystals formed in propionate were larger and less stacked than those formed in acetate or formate. There seems to be no dependence on cation. These observations suggest that in addition to reducing the forces that lead to stacking of the sheets, propionate may facilitate incorporation of the detergent-solubilized protein into the 2-D sheet.
Acetates↗
AIDS drug allegations.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Interleukin 4 induces interleukin 6 production by endothelial cells: synergy with interferon-gamma.
Interleukin (IL)4 induces IL6 production by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in a dose-dependent manner, as shown by bioassay and immunoprecipitation. Interferon (IFN)-gamma, which antagonizes IL4 effects on leukocytes, synergized with IL4 in the induction of IL6 production by HUVEC. Contamination with endotoxin was excluded by heat-inactivated IL4, preincubating with anti-IL4 polyclonal antibody and the use of polymyxin B. The presence of IL4 receptors on HUVEC was shown by affinity cross-linking with 125I-IL4, revealing a 110-kDa binding protein. However, compared with the amount seen on T cells the 60-70-kDa cross-linked doublet was present at much lower levels. Additional lower molecular weight cross-linked proteins were isolated only with HUVEC, but the origin of these is unclear. IL6 is a pluripotent cytokine produced by many cells which promotes the differentiation and growth of lymphocytes and the production of acute phase protein by hepatocytes, and is important in the regulation of immunity at the systemic and local levels. Since IL4 and IFN-gamma are produced by T cells, which are frequently associated with vascular endothelium during chronic inflammation, IL4 is likely to be an important cytokine in the regulation of IL6 and perhaps other cytokine production by endothelium in vivo.
Drug Synergism↗
Cytokine regulation of C3 and C5 production by human corneal fibroblasts.
Recent investigations have suggested that cytokines play important roles during inflammation and host defense, primarily by regulating the diverse functions of immunologic cells (e.g. lymphocytes and monocytes). However, much less is known about the capacity of cytokines to also regulate the functions of resident tissue cells. We hypothesize that during inflammation, cytokines (e.g. monokines and lymphokines) directly regulate the expression of inflammatory precursors and mediators, such as the third and fifth complement components, by resident ocular cells and are therefore important in the local regulation of ocular inflammation. To test this hypothesis we developed an in vitro culture system utilizing isolated human corneal fibroblasts and examined the effects of specific cytokines, i.e. interleukins and interferons, on the production of the third and fifth components of the complement system. Human corneal fibroblasts were cultured in the presence of varying concentrations (1-500 U ml-1) of interleukin 1 alpha, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 2, interferon alpha and interferon gamma for 48 hr at 37 degrees C, 5% CO2. The supernatants were then evaluated for antigen levels for the third and fifth components of complement using specific enzyme-linked immunospecific assays. These studies revealed that both interleukin 1 alpha and interleukin 1 beta induced seven to tenfold increases in the levels of the third component. Similarly interferon alpha and interferon gamma stimulated an approximate four and ninefold dose-dependent increase, respectively, in the production of the third component. Analysis of the effect of interleukin 2 on third component production demonstrated that higher concentrations (100 U ml-1) were required to induce a fivefold increase in the production of the third component.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cells, Cultured↗
Further evaluation of a mutagen-attenuated Rift Valley fever vaccine in sheep.
A previous study demonstrated that a mutagen-attenuated Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) vaccine, RVF MP-12, was immunogenic and non-abortogenic when ewes, 90-110 days pregnant, were inoculated with 5 x 10(5) plaque-forming units (p.f.u.) of the virus strain. The ewes delivered live, healthy lambs that had no neutralizing antibody to RVFV until after they had ingested colostrum. To assess further the safety and protective capability of this candidate vaccine, six pregnant ewes were inoculated with 5 x 10(3) p.f.u. of RVF MP-12 and challenged with 5 x 10(5) p.f.u. of virulent ZH-501 strain of RVFV 30 days later. No viraemia was detected after vaccination or challenge and all six ewes delivered live, healthy lambs. Those lambs tested before their nursing did not have neutralizing antibody to RVFV but quickly acquired antibody titres of 1:320 to greater than or equal to 1:10,240 after ingesting colostrum. To test the safety of the RVF MP-12 immunogen in neonates, lambs less than or equal to 7 days old, born to unvaccinated ewes, were inoculated with 5 x 10(5) p.f.u. of RVF MP-12. With the exception of brief pyrexia in 18 of 26 lambs, and a transient low-titred viraemia in 16 of 26 lambs after inoculation, no untoward effects were observed. Serum-neutralizing antibody to RVFV was detected 5-7 days after inoculation. Lambs vaccinated with either 5 x 10(5) or 5 x 10(3) p.f.u. of RVF MP-12 were protected against virulent RVFV challenge at 14 days postvaccination.
Animals↗
The systemic and genetic significance of congenital optic disc anomalies.
Optic disc anomalies have great significance as a clue to associated systemic problems and as a marker of inherited disease. Optic nerve hypoplasia and colobomas of the optic disc are the main visually significant disorders; however, the Morning Glory disc anomaly and Aicardi's syndrome may also be associated with visual impairment.
Coloboma↗
A behavioral taxonomy of obese female participants in a weight-loss program.
To create a behavioral classification of obesity, 2-wk baseline food diaries were obtained from 236 obese women entering weight-loss programs. Subjects monitored food intake along with the social, environmental, and emotional context in which each meal occurred. Variables representing situation-specific eating behaviors were statistically extracted from greater than 11,000 eating episodes. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified five distinct groups of subjects on the basis of similarity of eating patterns. The five groups were (1) moderately healthy eating habits, (2) chronic food restrictors, (3) alternating diet-binge eaters, (4) emotional overeaters, (5) unrestricted meal overeaters. The five groups differed on questionnaire measures of emotional adjustment and eating behavior but did not differ on dropout rates, amount of weight lost, or exercise compliance. The chronic food restrictors had significantly less lean body mass, lower resting metabolic rates, and higher waist-to-hip ratios than did the unrestricted meal overeaters.
Adult↗