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Biomedical subjects

D Taylor-Robinson

Publications and source records attributed to D Taylor-Robinson.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Anaerobes in men with urethritis.

Sixty-four men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), seven with gonococcal urethritis (GU), and 30 who had no symptoms or signs of urethritis were studied. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from urethral specimens taken from 22% of the men with NGU, and 18% with GU, but not from those who did not have urethritis even though 20 (67%) of them had a history of NGU, GU, or both. The chlamydial isolation rate for men having NGU for the first time was 30%. Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated from 42% of the men with NGU, 43% of men with GU, and 27% of those without urethritis.In addition to aerobes anaerobes were isolated frequently from men whether or not they had urethritis, the most common being anaerobic Corynebacteria, peptococci, and micro-organisms of the Bacteroides-Fusobacteria group. There was no appreciable difference in the overall isolation of anaerobes from men with NGU (89%) or from those without disease (80%). The rate of isolation of a Gram-negative anaerobic bacillus from men with NGU (50%) was, however, strikingly different to that from men with GU (14%) or from those without disease (13%). Furthermore, this bacillus was recovered from 28 (56%) of 50 men with NGU who were considered chlamydia-negative and from 19 (61%) of 31 men who were both chlamydia-negative and ureaplasma-negative. The effect of antibiotic treatment was evaluated in a few patients only, so that although those from whom the Gram-negative bacillus was eliminated by tetracycline recovered clinically there is a need for a prospective therapeutic trial to evaluate further the importance of the bacillus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibody to Trichomonas vaginalis in sera and vaginal secretions.

Using a whole-cell antigen antibody to Trichomonas vaginalis was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgG antibody was found in sera from only three of 99 children under 12 years of age. In contrast, serum IgG or IgM antibody or both were detected in 80.4% of women who had vaginal trichomoniasis and in 13.7% of uninfected women. Although antibody was found in cervical and vaginal secretions, the correlation between current infection and the presence of antibody was poorer than found between circulating antibody and infection. IgG or IgA antibody or both was detected in the secretions of 73.2% and 41% of infected and uninfected women respectively. This may be accounted for, at least partly, by previous infections since antibody, circulating or local, was found most often in women who had a history of trichomoniasis. There was no indication that some other vaginal micro-organism stimulated antibody directed against T vaginalis.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1982

Genital-tract infection and disease in nude and immunologically competent mice after inoculation of a human strain of Chlamydia trachomatis.

A fast, human strain of Chlamydia trachomatis was introduced into the uterus of progesterone-treated CBA mice and congenic CBA nude mice through the uterine wall or via the cervical canal. The numbers of inclusions produced by samples taken from the vagina of the nude mice were significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than those produced by samples from immunologically competent normal mice. However, the infection was self-limited, lasting about 60 days, and there was no statistical difference in its duration in the nude and normal mice despite the failure of the former to mount a chlamydial antibody response. In contrast, 14 of 18 normal mice had developed a 4-fold or greater rise in the titre of IgG antibody 14 days after inoculation. A serum titre of 1:512 or greater was attained in 15 of these mice, and high titres persisted for 69 days or longer after inoculation. The numbers of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vaginal smears from both normal and nude mice increased by 12 days after inoculation, indicating an inflammatory cell response. However, interpretation of the cellular response after the 40th day was difficult because of recommencement of the oestrous cycle. The results indicate that T lymphocytes and T-lymphocyte-dependent antibody have little effect on the course of the self-limited chlamydial genital infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A newly discovered mycoplasma in the human urogenital tract.

A new mycoplasma, serologically distinct from all other known mycoplasmas, was isolated from urethral specimens from two of thirteen men with non-gonococcal urethritis. Repeatable isolation and propagation was accomplished by use of a special culture medium. The organisms adhered to glass or plastic, erythrocytes, and monkey kidney cells. This property appears to be associated with surface material restricted to the area of a terminal structure of the flask-shaped mycoplasmas. Although the data are insufficient to implicate the new mycoplasmas in human disease, the fact that they are unique, extremely fastidious, and have adherence properties, has stimulated efforts to assess their pathogenicity and possible role in human urogenital disease.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1981

Pathogenic mechanisms of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: observations on damage to human fallopian tubes in organ culture by gonococci of colony type 1 or type 4.

The relative virulence of isogenic clones of colony type 1 (T1) (piliated) and colony type 4 (T4) (nonpiliated) gonococci was assessed in organ cultures of human fallopian tubes. The rate of damage to fallopian tube mucosa was determined by measurements of ciliary activity and was correlated with the sequential pathologic events observed by light and electron microscopy. During the first 24 hr of the infection, T1 gonococci attached to and damaged the mucosa more rapidly than did T4 gonococci. This damage was manifested primarily by sloughing of ciliated cells. The observation that gonococci attached almost exclusively to nonciliated cells but damaged primarily ciliated cells suggested that this damage was mediated by one or more toxic factors. After attaching, gonococci entered the nonciliated mucosal cells, increased in numbers inside them, and then invaded the subepithelial tissues. Thus, attachment of gonococci to the fallopian tube mucosa may facilitate effective delivery of one or more gonococcal toxins to target cells in the mucosa and may initiate a process by which gonococci traverse the mucosal barrier.

Cilia↗
PubMed1981

Follicular cervicitis--colposcopic appearances and association with Chlamydia trachomatis.

Follicular cervicitis was recognised in 15 (44 per cent) of 34 women who were examined colposcopically and who were sexual partners of men with non-gonococcal urethritis. Valid results of culture for Chlamydia trachomatis were obtained in 26 cases: the organism was isolated from the cervix of five of 11 women in whom follicular cervicitis had been diagnosed, but from only one of 15 whose cervices did not have this change. A similar correlation was not found for infection with Mycoplasma hominis or Ureaplasma urealyticum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The effect of genital mycoplasmas on human fetal growth.

The relation between maternal genital colonization by mycoplasmas and fetal growth was examined in a study of 195 women. Swabs were taken from the endocervix on three occasions during pregnancy and once post partum. Ureaplasma urealyticum organisms (ureaplasmas) were recovered from 42.7 per cent of Caucasian women and from 34.6 per cent of Asian women at their first antenatal visit. These isolation rates remained similar throughout pregnancy, although there was a decrease in isolation after delivery. Mycoplasma hominis was recovered from 6.5 per cent of Caucasians and from 11.5 per cent of Asians at their first antenatal visit and these rates remained fairly constant during pregnancy and after delivery. Caucasian women colonized by ureaplasmas had a longer mean length of gestation (p less than 0.025) than non-colonized women. Furthermore, the colonized women gave birth to infants who had a statistically significant greater mean birth weight and a greater mean birth weight-for-dates than those of the non-colonized Caucasians. There was no correlation between gestational length, birth weight, or birth weight-for-dates and genital colonization of Asian mothers by ureaplasmas or M. hominis. It is clear the ureaplasmas are not associated with low birth weight in our population.

Asia↗
PubMed1981

Microbiological, serological, and histopathological features of experimental Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis in chimpanzees.

A laboratory-passaged genital strain of Chlamydia trachomatis and two unpassaged genital strains from patients with nongonococcal urethritis were inoculated intraurethrally into three young male chimpanzees. Chlamydia were recovered from the urethra of two animals and specific antibody responses were detected in all of them. Furthermore, a urethral polymorphonuclear leucocyte response, but not an overt discharge, occurred in all the chimpanzees about 1-2 weeks after inoculation. None of these events occurred in a chimpanzee inoculated with medium only. At necropsy three months after inoculation the submucosa of the urethra of one chimpanzee was densely infiltrated with small round cells. This suggests that a similar chronic lymphocytic response may occur in human chlamydial infection of the urethra.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Taking cell cultures to the patient in an attempt to improve chlamydial isolation.

McCoy cell cultures were inoculated with 121 urethral and cervical specimens taken from patients attending one of two sexually transmitted disease clinics. The mean number of Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions was greater when the cultures were inoculated with the specimens and centrifuged in the clinic than when the specimens were first stored in liquid nitrogen. Furthermore, 18 of the 29 chlamydia-positive specimens produced larger numbers of of inclusions when inoculated immediately. Despite this, the isolation rate from specimens inoculated directly (22%) was about the same as from specimens which had been frozen (21%). Of the 30 occasions on which the cell monolayers were disrupted, 29 followed immediate inoculation. This may possibly have been due to some toxic factor in some of the specimens.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1981

Urinary abnormalities in non gonococcal urethritis.

The association between urinary abnormalities detected by the two-glass urine test and objective urethritis was investigated in a study of 221 male patients with non-gonococcal urethritis. A strong correlation existed between urinary threads and urethritis, but use of the test for diagnosis and in the assessment of cure is limited by its poor predictive value in both treated and untreated patients.

Humans↗