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Biomedical subjects

D T Hughes

Publications and source records attributed to D T Hughes.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The effect of orally administered triprolidine and pseudoephedrine singly and combined on histamine-induced skin reactions.

The effect of a single oral dose of triprolidine and pseudoephedrine, singly and combined, on histamine-induced wheal and flare reactions, was assessed in a fully randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study. Triprolidine alone and the combination had a significantly greater effect of (p less than 0.05) in reducing skin reactions than pseudoephedrine alone or placebo, but there was no significant difference between triprolidine ane the combination (p less than 0.05).

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed1982

A comparison of the bronchodilator action of pseudoephedrine and ephedrine in patients with reversible airway obstruction.

A double-blind randomised cross-over study was performed on 12 subjects suffering from reversible airway obstruction (asthma) to determine the relative bronchodilator effects of oral pseudoephedrine 60 mg, pseudoephedrine 180 mg, ephedrine 25 mg and matched placebo. Spirometry was used to measure vital capacity and forced expired volume in 1 s, and whole body plethysmography was used to measure specific airway conductance. Measurements were recorded before each drug was given, and 1 h and 2 h after each drug. Reversibility of the airway obstruction on each day of the study was demonstrated by significant improvements in all parameters of lung function in response to 400 micrograms of isoprenaline inhaled after the 2-h measurement. No significant bronchodilator effect could be shown following the ingestion of pseudoephedrine 60 mg or 180 mg. Only a week bronchodilator effect was demonstrated after ephedrine 25 mg in that the percentage change in vital capacity at 2 h after ephedrine was greater than that following either dose of pseudoephedrine or the placebo. It is concluded that oral pseudoephedrine in single doses of 60 mg or 180 mg has no significant bronchodilator action in man, and that a single dose of up to 180 mg pseudoephedrine does not cause tachycardia or hypertension.

Asthma↗
PubMed1982

Lung function in young adults with cystic fibrosis.

Pulmonary function tests have been carried out on eight adults with cystic fibrosis. There were statistically significant correlations between the severity of the patient's clinical state as assessed by the Shwachman score and TLco, TLC and VC. In addition the RV/TLC ratio increased with increasing clinical severity. There were no significant correlations between clinical severity and other measurements of lung function such as FEV1, PEFR, RV or PCO2. Serial studies indicated that the TLCO falls with increasing clinical severity of the disease. It is suggested that the objective measurements of pulmonary function should be included in any future 'scoring' system used to assess the severity of cystic fibrosis and that measurements of the single-breath TLCO might be one of the more discriminant tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Analysis of simple pulmonary function screening tests in preoperative assessment before lung resection for bronchogenic carcinoma.

Simple pulmonary function screening tests were performed prospectively in a group of patients with carcinoma of the bronchus being evaluated for lung resection. Of the 22 who subsequently had a resection performed, 7 suffered post-operative ventilatory difficulties unrelated to technical surgical complications. By analysis of combinations of variables, it was possible to separate significantly the complication group from the non-complication group. This was not possible using one variable alone. The method of empiric determination of values which produce maximum separation is described and contrasted with the more statistically acceptable technique of discriminant analysis. With the latter it is possible to incorporate information from any number of variables and to achieve greater definition of the two groups. It is proposed that such an analysis might provide the means for more valid scientific assessment of simple pre-operative screening tests than is usually employed.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1981

Clinical evaluation of five spirometers. Monaghan M403, Pneumoscreen, Spirotron, Vicatest and Vitalograph.

Five spirometers were compared with the Stead-Wells spirometer in 100 subjects, using the FVC and FEV1 as parameters. In addition, some physical characteristics were studied. The Stead-Wells is a water-sealed spirometer, recommended as a reference spirometer by the American Committees on Environmental Health and Respiratory Physiology. The Vicatest and Vitalograph are volume-displacement dry spirometers. They showed a very good linearity over their entire volume ranges; their FVC and FEV1 readings showed very good correlations with the readings of the Stead-Wells spirometer. The Monaghan, Pneumoscreen, and Spirotron are flow-integrating "electronic" spirometers. The volumes recorded were found to be dependent on the values of the flow; their FVC and FEV1 readings also showed good correlations with the readings of the Stead-Wells spirometer, but to a lesser extent than the two dry spirometers. Therefore, for routine assessment of ventilatory function we prefer, at present, the modern volume-displacement dry spirometers.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1980

Effects of pseudoephedrine and triprolidine, alone and in combination, on symptoms of the common cold.

A total of 466 healthy adults from four different regions of England entered a double-blind, randomised trial to test the effectiveness of an antihistamine (triprolidine) and a decongestant (pseudoephedrine), alone or in combination, in relieving symptoms of the common cold. During the study 199 subjects reported a total of 243 colds. Subjects recorded the severity of 12 symptoms during treatment and noted separately the severity of a further seven symptoms that represented unwanted effects of treatment or served as an index of suggestibility. They were then asked about their overall improvement in symptoms during treatment and whether they thought they had taken placebo. Sneezing, nasal obstruction, and overall response to treatment were significantly improved (p <0.01) with psuedoephedrine or pseudoephedrine and triprolidine compared with placebo.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1980

Dose-response study of the nasal decongestant and cardiovascular effects of pseudoephedrine.

1 The effects of different doses of orally administered pseudoephedrine on nasal airway resistance (NAR) were studied in a group of eighteen healthy subjects using double-blind conditions with drugs administered in a series of cross-over experiments according to a Latin-square design. 2 Challenge with 1% histamine diphosphate to one nostril 1 h after administration of the drugs produced increases in NAR. 3 The effects of pre-treatment with both placebo and increasing doses of pseudoephedrine on this histamine-induced increase in NAR were examined. Pseudoephedrine 60 mg, 120 mg and 180 mg significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the effect of histamine on NAR compared with the placebo, and the protective effects of these doses did not differ significantly from each other. Pseudoephedrine 15 mg and 30 mg did not differ from placebo in their effects on NAR. 4 Small, but statistically significant increases in pulse and systolic blood pressure occurred after pseudoephedrine 120 mg and 180 mg, but not after pseudoephedrine 60 mg, 30 mg or 15 mg. No significant effects were produced by any of the doses of pseudephedrine with regard to diastolic blood pressure. Similarly no dose of pseudoephedrine altered mood or produced any excess of unwanted effects compared with placebo. 5 We conclude that pseudoephedrine 60 mg is the optimal single adult dose since this achieves maximal nasal decongestion without cardiovascular or other unwanted effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Diurnal variation in peak expiratory flow in asthmatics.

Diurnal variation of peak expiratory flow was assessed over 10 days in 40 asthmatic outpatients judged clinically to be stable. Thirty patients showed a morning dip in their peak expiratory flow and the frequency with which this occurred appeared to be linked with the amplitude of the dip. The percentages showing large, moderate and insignificant dips were similar to those described in asthmatics hospitalised with an exacerbation. Ten patients were admitted with an exacerbation of their asthma in the preceding 2 years. Two of the three non-dippers assumed a dipping pattern during this admission. Without a continuous peak expiratory flow record it would not have been thought that many of our apparently stable patients were showing high amplitude dips such as have been associated with sudden unexpected death. The place of a continuous diurnal peak expiratory flow record in relation to asthma mortality is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of the antitussive effects of codeine phosphate 20 mg, dextromethorphan 30 mg and noscapine 30 mg using citric acid-induced cough in normal subjects.

1. Protection by codeine 20 mg, dextromethorphan 30 mg, noscapine 30 mg, and placebo against citric acid-induced cough was determined in eighteen healthy subjects. 2. Drug differences occurred at 2 1/2 h following ingestion of the drugs but not at 1 1/4 h. 3. Only coideine 20 mg had a greater antitussive action than placebo, but dextromethorphan 30 mg also did not differ from codeine 20 mg. 4. This technique may offer a useful screening test for the activity of new potential antitussive compounds in man.

Antitussive Agents↗
PubMed1979

Ring 20 chromosome in a child with seizures, minor anomalies, and retardation.

A patient is reported with seizures, developmental delay, and minor physical anomalies. Karyotype showed a ring formation of chromosome number 20. Previously reported patients with this chromosomal aberration have typically had seizures and behavioural disorders with considerable variation in the degree of physical abnormality and mental retardation. A correct diagnosis in such a case is important for accurate genetic counselling.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1979

Four families with immunodeficiency and chromosome abnormalities.

Six children, with severe deficiency of some or all of the immunoglobulins and minor somatic abnormalities, had chromosomal abnormalities: (1) 45,XY,t(13q/18q), (2) 46,XY,21ps +, (3) two brothers 46,XY (inv. 7) (4) 45,X,t(11p/10p)/46X,iXq,t(11p/10p) and, (5) in addendum, 45,XX,-18;46,XX, r18. The chromosome abnormalities were detected in B- as well as T-lymphocytes (as evidenced by using both PHA- and PWM-stimulated cultures) in all probands, but one was mosaic in PHA culture, although all his PWM-stimulated cells were abnormal. Chromosomal variants were also detected in relatives of three and immunodeficiency in relatives of two.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1979

Serial pulmonary function tests in progressive systemic sclerosis.

Serial pulmonary function tests were performed on nine patients with progressive systemic sclerosis over a mean period of ten years. Abnormality was seen to develop both early and late in the course of the disease, and the earliest abnormality observed was impairment of the transfer factor. Deterioration of some aspect of pulmonary function was noted in each case, evidence of restriction or air trapping being seen with equal frequency. Two patients died, both of causes unrelated to their pulmonary involvement, and even pronounced early involvement of the lungs did not necessarily imply a bad prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Normal values of transfer factor and transfer coefficients in healthy males and females.

A population study was performed to obtain local normal values of the transfer factor for a respiratory laboratory providing a routine hospital service. Statistical analysis of the results obtained showed similar results to those of previous investigators for the transfer factor and alveolar volume. The transfer factor was found to be dependent on height, age and sex, while the alveolar volume depended only upon height and sex. Unlike previous investigations, however, the present study showed that the transfer coefficient was the same for women as for men and was related solely to age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Two doses of triprolidine for treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Two doses of triprolidine (2.5 mg t.i.d. and 1.25 mg t.i.d.) were compared with placebo in 32 patients suffering from allergic rhinitis. Triprolidine 2.5 mg t.i.d. was statistically significantly better than placebo (p less than 0.05) in reducing the symptoms of sneezing and eye irritation. Neither dose of triprolidine produced significant drowsiness during the second week of treatment.

Adolescent↗