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Biomedical subjects

D Strauss

Publications and source records attributed to D Strauss.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Analysis of the shelf life and transfusion life of whole blood and erythrocyte concentrates].

The shelf life of 60,000 units of whole blood and red cell concentrates in the blood center were analysed before delivering to hospitals as well as the transfusion age of 18,000 units in relation to the stock-size and the outdated units. The mean transfusion age of whole blood units and red blood cell concentrates amounted to 11 to 12 days and 16 to 17 days, respectively. The shelf life of blood transfused within 24 hours after collection was 1.6% and 3.8% transfused within 48 hours according to the total number of whole blood and red blood cell concentrates. Washed red cell concentrates were prepared from buffy coat-free resuspended red cell concentrates on an average at the 7th day of storage. A high stock-size of about 1,000 units rather than of 600 units in the blood center increased the shelf life and also the number of outdated units from less than 0.5% up to more than 3%.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMed1983

[ACD-AG blood with decreased adenine and guanosine content].

ACD-AG blood with 2 different initial concentrations of adenine and guanosine--both 0.25 and 0.5 mmol/l, respectively--has been studied by using 13 parameters. Differences could not be found in 11 parameters, among them ATP and 2,3-P2G content and the number of microaggregates. The formation of lactate and the hemolyses rate were slightly increased during 6 weeks. But the mean hemolysis rate was below 1%. A sufficient maintenance of red cell metabolism at lower adenine and guanosine concentrations as found in ACD-AG blood can also be supposed for the preservation of buffy coat-free red cell concentrates.

Adenine↗
PubMed1983

CDS-AG medium for red blood cell preservation.

Buffy coat-free red cell concentrates (RCC) from ACD, ACD-AG, and EDTA blood were prepared at the day of collection and resuspended with about one half of the packed red cell volume of a citrate-dextrose-sucrose-adenine-guanosine solution (CDS-AG). The posttransfusion survival of RBC in red cell suspensions (RCS) amounted to about 80% after 35 days of storage. 50 to 63% of the normal ATP level still remained. About 0.3% of red cells were hemolysed. 10% of red cells existed unchanged as discocytes, about 85% were transformed to echinocytes and 5% to spherocytes. The MCHC increased by about 25% due to a shrinkage of RBC. A much more hypertonic citrate-saline anticoagulant solution (420 mosmol/kg) increased the shrinkage, led to a higher hemolysis and lower posttransfusion survival rates.

Adenine↗
PubMed1982

The relation of plasma androgen levels to sexual behaviors and attitudes of women.

Four androgens: dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a variety of sexual behaviors and attitudes, and several moods were determined regularly in two groups of healthy, married women who differed by three decades in age. The younger women exhibited significantly higher levels of each androgen, the differences being almost entirely attributable to ovarian failure in the older group. Although the older women reported the same levels of sexual desire and sexual arousal as the younger women, their intercourse frequencies and self-rated sexual gratification scores were significantly lower than the values obtained for the younger wives. One or more of the androgen levels related significantly and in the expected direction to each stage of the four-stage sexual response process. Global measures of so-called "sexual adjustment" and estimates of anxiety, depression, and hostility feelings experienced by these women did not relate significantly to any of the four androgen levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Washed erythrocyte concentrate, degree of purity and cell vitality].

The reduction of leukocytes of packed red cells amounted to 70 +/- 8% (n = 29) by single removing of buffy coat and to 86 +/- 9% (n = 12) by additional washing in isotonic NaCl-solution with a loss of 23% of red cells. The ratio of granulocytes to lymphocytes increased The ratio of granulocytes to lymphocytes increased slightly by washing. Storage of washed red cells damaged their function in dependence on temperature and storage medium more than the washing procedure. The ATP content of washed red cells maintained at the normal level during 24 hr at 277 K (4 degrees C), but the 2.3-P2G level decreased to 1/3 of the normal value. The survival rate of washed red cells amounted to 86 +/- 7% (n = 7). The preparation of red cells poor in leukocytes in recommended by removing buffy coat and the upper 50 ml of red cells after single centrifugation of blood and adding 100 ml CDS-AG (citrate-glucose-sucrose-adenine-guanosine) preservation solution of packed red cells. A storage of 6 weeks is possible. Thus washing the red cells in isotonic NaCl-solution for the purpose of leukocyte reduction can be omitted.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMed1981

The two-step preservation of red blood cells. A contribution to improve their viability and therapeutic efficiency.

The maintenance of adenine nucleotides and guanine nucleotides in stored red blood cell can be achieved by adding adenine plus guanosine instead of adenine plus inosine. Inorganic phosphate improves this effect. The maintenance of glycerate 2,3-bisphosphate requires the addition of a redox equivalent together with a source for glycerate 1,3-bisphosphate like xylitol. Substrates added together with the resuspending solution maintain the viability of cells in the same but more economical way than by addition to the primary anticoagulant solution. Sucrose in a 20 mM final concentration reduces the hemolysis of resuspended red blood cell concentrates to less than 1% during 6 weeks of storage.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗
PubMed1980

Adverse reaction of the apparently healthy partner in response to improvement in the overtly dysfunctional partner.

The increase in the number of couples and individuals seeking sex therapy is yielding an increase in the variety as well as number of therapeutic complications. We wish to discuss briefly one complication: the development of emotional and sexual disability in the seemingly healthy member of a couple in treatment as the dysfunctional partner "gets well." The disruption is serious enough to require separate treatment. Our experience with this phenomenon underscores the importance of flexibility on the part of the therapist since it may be necessary to institute individual therapy to avoid overwhelming the new decompensating partner. Examples are provided, and recommendations for management offered.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Erythrocyte concentrates, low in buffy coat: production, preservation and evaluation of its quality].

Buffy coat-poor packed red cells were prepared from fresh ACD-, ACD-AG- and EDTA-blood, than resuspended with a preservation solution, containing glucose, adenine, guanosine, sucrose, citric acid and sodium citrate and stored at 4 degrees C for 6 weeks. The survival rate of resuspended red cells from ACD-AG-blood amounted to 77% after 6 weeks of storage. The ATP content of resuspended red cells was approximately 25% lower than in ACD-AG whole blood during storage caused probably by increased ATP consuming reactions at the red cell membrane. The P2G-content of resuspended red cells from ACD- and ACD-AG-blood decreased above 50% of the normal level during the first week, as fast as in ACD- and ACD-AG whole blood. The P2G-breakdown in red cells from EDTA-blood was delayed for a week due to the higher pH as in CPD blood. Additions of xylitol, inorganic phosphate, and bicarbonate in 6, 5 and 20 mM final concentrations in the red cell suspensions and an increased pH at the same time delayed the breakdown of ATP and P2G. Packed red cells can be administered fast enough at hematocrits to 0.60 that will be achieved by adding 50 to 100 ml preservation solution. Leukocytes and thrombocytes were reduceds to 70 to 80%. With increasing rate of reduction a higher loss of red cells occured. Buffy coat-poor red cell concentrate contains only few microaggregates. It diminishes the risc of febrile transfusion reactions and delays the appearance of alloimmunisation. The circulatory overload of patients is less frequent than after transfusions of red cell resuspensions containing a large resuspension volume.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1980

Preservation of red blood cells with purines and nucleosides. I. Changes of ATP, 2,3-P2G and further parameters of metabolism in red cells stored as whole blood and as resuspension at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C.

CPD blood with addition of adenine in 0.25 mM final concentration alone or in combination with guanosine and inosine each in 0.5 mM concentration and also with a higher adenine concentration--0.75 mM--was stored 6 weeks at 4 degrees C. In a second experiment red cell concentrates were prepared from CPD blood and resuspended in the same volume of a glucose-sucrose-citrate solution with the addition of adenine or guanine and both in combination with inosine. The resuspended cells were stored 7 days at 25 degrees C. Adenine and guanosine added simultaneously were most effective on the maintenance of ATP and P2G content. When guanosine was replaced by the same amount of inosine, no effect on P2G content was found in comparison with the addition of only adenine, however, the ATP content decreased more rapidly. The reason for this difference can be due to a different affinity of the IMP/GMP: pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase to their substrates as well as regulation principles in the P2G bypass. The guanosine effect on red cell preservation consists in improved viability of red cells in vivo, increased nucleotide synthesis, increased formation of 2.3-P2G, delayed disc-spher transformation of red cells and decreased hemolysis. The most effective solution for red cell preservation should contain adenine, a pentose moiety like guanosine, and inorganic phosphate in a final concentrations in blood of 0.25 : 0.5 : 2 mM. The preparation of red cell concentrates from CPD-AG or CPD-A blood requires an elevation of glucose concentration in blood above 30 mM for storage periods up to 5--6 weeks.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗
PubMed1980

Preservation of red blood cells with purines and nucleosides. II. Uptake and utilization of purines and nucleosides by stored red blood cells.

The uptake of adenine, guanine, guanosine and inosine by stored red cells was investigated in whole blood and red cell resuspensions at initial concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mM for adenine and 0.5 mM for the other additives using a rapid ion-exchange chromatographic microanalysis of purines and nucleosides in plasma and whole blood. Increasing adenine concentrations from 0.25 to 0.75 mM in blood elevated the adenine uptake from 0.3 up to 0.8 mmol/l red cells during 2 hours after collecting blood. The intra-/extracellular distribution ratio changed from 1 : 1.3 to 1: 1.7. Some 2 hours after withdrawing blood into CPD--solution with purines and nucleosides the uptake of adenine and guanine resulted in 40 per cent and 70 per cent respectively and of guanosine and inosine in 80 and 90 per cent respectively. The replacement of plasma by a resuspending solution gave the same uptake rates for purines and nucleosides. The nucleosides were rapidly split to purines and R-1-P and disappeared from blood during one week. Adenine and guanine were utilized to 80 to 90 per cent only after 3 weeks. During the same period the utilization of guanine was smaller by 40 per cent than that of adenine due to the different activity of the purine nucleoside phosphorylase for these substrates. The plasma of all analyzed blood samples contained hypoxanthine and inosine, but guanine and guanosine were detected only in those samples to which one of them was added. After 3 weeks of storage the highest concentration of hypoxanthine was found in CPD-AI blood with 600 microM in plasma and the highest concentration of synthesized inosine in CPD-AG blood with a concentration of 100 microM in plasma. Three ways of utilization of purines by stored red cells were discussed : the synthesis of nucleotide monophosphates, the formation of nucleosides, and the deamination. The portions of these ways change during storage. The most effective concentrations of adenine and guanosine in stored blood seems to be 0.25 and 0.5 mM respectively. The full utilization of the nucleoside requires the addition of inorganic phosphate.

Adenine↗
PubMed1980

Preservation of red blood cells with purines and nucleosides. III. Synthesis of adenine, guanine, and hypoxanthine nucleotides.

Purine nucleotides of fresh human red cells and of red cells during storage at 4 degrees and 25 degrees C with additions of adenine, guanine, guanosine and inosine were estimated by HPLC. Six nucleotides were found in red cells: ATP, ADP, AMP, GTP, GDP, and IMP. The adenine nucleotides represented 92 per cent of the total purine nucleotides, guanine nucleotides 7 per cent and IMP less than 1 per cent. In red cells stored with adenine the total concentration of purine nucleotides increased to 125 per cent of the normal value. An adenine-free but guanine and guanine + inosine containing medium caused a decrease of the concentration of purine nucleotides by 10 to 20 per cent. When red cells were stored without adding guanine or guanosine the content of the guanine nucleotides decreased from 0.32 to 0.17 mumol/g Hb due to the decrease in the GTP content, but the GDP concentration increased slightly. In CPD-AG blood, however, the concentration of guanine nucleotides increased considerably up to 0.6 mumol/g Hb. IMP was estimated in all investigated stored red cells. In CPD-A and in CPD-AG blood 0.4 mumol/g Hb were produced during 3 weeks of storage, but twice of that in CPD-AI blood. The principles of the synthesis and the degradation of purine nucleotides in stored red cells are discussed in detail.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1979

Countertransference as a factor in premature termination of apparently successful cases.

In brief sex therapy rapid disappearance of symptoms may appear to signal success. However, superficial indications of success may be utilized by the sex therapist as an opportunity to escape from a therapeutic situation which evokes uncomfortable feelings. The need to terminate treatment abruptly may be conscious or unconscious. This presentation discusses a few of the multiple factors which may lead the therapist to initiate premature termination or to collude with the patient's problems rather than the patients' to alert clinicians to the adverse effects of countertransference.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Plasma testosterone level and sexual behavior of couples.

Eleven couples, ages 21-31 years and married for at least 1 year, were studied intensively over a three menstrual cycle period from both an endocrine and a sexual behavioral standpoint. Each subject was interviewed individually and had a blood sample drawn twice weekly. Interviews were rated independently by two psychiatrists for degree of sexual initiation, responsivity, avoidance, couple interaction, and mood. Wives rated themselves also for degree of sexual gratification (responsivity). Plasma levels of testosterone and cortisol were determined for both husbands and wives while progesterone and estradiol levels were determined additionally for wives. Husband's initiation scores were significantly correlated with their wives responsivity (clinically rated) scores for 10 of the 11 couples; wives' initiation scores were significantly related to their husband's responsivity scores for 8 of the 11 couples. When either set of correlation coefficients was treated as a new variable and intercorrelated with the husband's average testosterone levels, a significant relationship was obtained. Intercourse frequency, while not related to either partner's average testosterone levels, was related to wives' testosterone levels at their ovulatory peaks. The wivess' self-rated gratification scores correlated significantly with their own plasma testosterone levels. Inspection of each wife's plasma testosterone profile across the three cycles indicated that a dichotomy coccurred, with some women showing a high baseline level and others showing a low baseline level. When wives were dichotomized on this basis, it was found that high baseline testosterone level was significantly related to high self-rated gratification score and to ability to form good interpersonal relationships.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1978

[ATP-content and shape of erythrocytes during preservation with adenine and nucleosides].

ACD blood with additions of adenine (A, 0.5 mM in blood), ademine + guanosine ((AG, 0.5 mM each) and adenine + guanosine + inosine (IAG, 0.5: 0.5: 18 mM) was stored for 6 weeks at 4 degrees C and the morphological changes in connection with the ATP content were observed. After a storage of 6 weeks 2--3% of the cells were present as diskocytes, 60% as echinocytes, and 40% as spherocytes. The delayed morphological alterations in the ACD-AG blood in comparison with ACD-A blood were also reflected by a higher ATP content of the ACD-AG blood during its storage. The alterations in the form of erythrocytes recorded in the morphological index Im (a subdivision was made according to 6 different stages of form) correlated with the ATP content. The coefficient of correlation amounted to r = 0.85. Thus, Im is a reliable criterium for evaluating possible storage damages of stored erythrocytes.

Adenine↗