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D Stejskal

Publications and source records attributed to D Stejskal.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

[Kinetic analysis in the evaluation of glucose tolerance disorders. Evaluation and use of a new method in the diagnosis of glucose tolerance in clinical practice].

A kinetic model of oGTT has been used. This model is characterized by 7 glycaemia collections (0, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180 min). In some cases this is supplemented by determination of C-peptide and insulin values (0, 60, 120 min). This method is very simple and highly useful in clinical practice because it gives information about physiological stimulation by enterohormones, the first glucose passage through liver and next glucose utilization. The first part of the study deals with random error of the kinetic model of oGTT found by repeated calculations (> 10,000 repeatings) of identical initial glycaemias in individual groups (DM, PGT, N). Random error of glucose clearance (the most suitable parameter) ranged within 0.2 -2.1% in individual deviations. Then the identical calculations were made but loaded with glycaemia and with certain error in individual collection intervals (glycaemia 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 mmol/l; collection with 30, 60, 300 s). Random error of the method increased significantly with dispersion variance of glycaemias (maximum 17% with glucose clearance at glycaemia dispersion variance of 0.5 mmol/l); changed time intervals less affected random error quantity. As acceptable and frequent deviation in practice was determined glycaemia dispersion variance of 0.2 mmol/l (corresponding to a total analytical error of glycaemia measurement) and dispersion variance of time intervals of 60 s. At these values, random error of the method increased maximally to 10.3%. Glucose has also a biological variability (not published yet for individual time intervals), the value of random error may be higher but will not achieve half of values of random error obtained at the classical oGTT. The second part of the study deals with comparison of both the tests (classical oGTT, kinetic curve of oGTT) in 126 probands examined at metabolic and diabetologic out-patient department of the Hospital in Sternberk. It can be concluded that using a classical oGTT, 60% of patients were classified into incorrect groups as defined by dynamic results obtained by analysis of the kinetic model. Interesting enough is the fact that almost half of persons who cannot be classified by the classical oGTT had impaired glucose tolerance. Out of them, 15.6% had diabetes mellitus; almost 20% of normal patients also had impaired glucose tolerance. Over 1/5 of persons with impaired tolerance for glucose according to the classical oGTT was found by the kinetic model to have diabetes mellitus. On the contrary, 1/10 of diabetic patients diagnosed by oGTT had normal glucose clearance, over 1/2 of patients had only impaired glucose tolerance. Then in 126 persons random error of the method was again calculated (> 2,000 repeated calculations for each proband) amounting 6.6%.

Glucose Intolerance↗

[Personal experience in the diagnosis and monitoring of therapy in metabolic disorders with risk of crystallization in patients with recurrent urolithiasis].

A ten-year experience with diagnosis and therapy of metabolic abnormalities and crystallization risks in patients with recurrent urolithiasis is presented. Since 1985, more than 900 persons with recurrent urolithiasis have been examined at the Metabolic Centre of the Hospital in Sternberk. The patients were examined routinely at ambulance or during hospitalization; the examination consisted of repeated urine and blood collections after the diet with various content of calcium and salt. All initial data (case history, physical finding, biochemistry, radiodiagnostics) were processed by a semi-expert computing program SOFT which was also used for monitoring of the therapy. Then the patients were divided into individual risk groups (Pak). Of all probands, the group of 130 patients (satisfying the strict criteria of the study) was selected and the data obtained was processed statistically. The group of 130 patients with recurrent urolithiasis (all of them were drug-treated) was compared to the group of 50 individuals with urolithiasis treated by diet and regimen measures. The patients given drugs showed a significantly increased crystallization inhibitors concentration in urine and reduced crystallization promotors, or relative saturation of some lithiatic substances. The paper analyzes the effect of the mostly administered drugs on crystallization risks and some less known "metabolic" indications of application of some drugs are recommended. It is concluded that the dietary, drinking and regime measures are basic for a good therapy of patients with urolithiasis, but patients with recurrent urolithiasis should be applied a selective metaphylaxis of drugs after routine metabolic examination. This finding is supported by a low number of recurrent urolithiasis.

Adult↗

[Leptin in persons with simple obesity].

Obesity is a disease with distinct genetic determination and its phenotype is defined by the still unknown number of genes whose expression can be influenced by environmental factors. Several years ago, "obesity gene" was isolated in animals. This gene, coding protein which consists of 165 amino acids, is called leptin. Leptin is supposed to be a key substance controlling homeostasis of body weight and energy balance; it is produced by adipocytes and its value correlates highly significantly with anthropometric parameters that characterize physical constitution and amount of subcutaneous fatty tissue. The obese individuals often display hyperleptinemia which is frequently caused by a postreceptor disorder; sporadically, a different leptin structure or hypoleptinemia (caused by genetic anomaly) are reported. It is supposed that either absolute or relative leptin deficiency in obese persons are associated with causal obesity (e.g. appetite stimulation). Leptinemia values correlate with percentage of subcutaneous fatty tissue, insulinemia and sometimes with glycemia. In our study we examined 200 probands, patients of the Metabolic and Diabetologic Out-Patient Department, Hospital in Sternberk. A very close correlation between the amount of subcutaneous fatty tissue (measured by a caliper in 10 skinfolds) and the leptine serum concentration was found. The values of leptinemia in men of normal constitution ranged within 1-11 ng/ml, non-obese women had 3-4 times higher values. Leptinemia in some obese individuals reached up to 70 ng/ml. However, the currently calculated and reported parameters of physical constitution (BMI, WHR, Grant index) did not correlate significantly with leptinemia. Similarly, biochemical parameters considered as general markers of insulin resistance (often associated with obesity) did not correlate significantly with leptinemia. This finding indicates that some calculated parameters, quantifying and gualifying physical constitution, may be ambiguous and leptinemia was found to give more detailed information about the amount of subcutaneous fatty tissue than WHR or BMI. An accidental finding was an important positive correlation between myoglobin concentration and creatinemia. At monitoring the effect of hypolipidemic agents we use the myoglobin examination and therefore we consider this correlation to be very important and every physician performing this analysis should be informed about it. The present study thus confirmed that a more accurate quantification of subcutaneous fatty tissue is required. On the other hand, we believe that examination of leptinemia can contribute significantly to stratification of patients into risk groups (with respect to clinical, economic and time differentiation) and subsequently to the treatment of these patients. In future, criteria for quantification of leptinemia and leptine resistance should be defined precisely.

Adipose Tissue↗

[Screening for Down's syndrome: results at the Klimentská Polyclinic Screening Center 1992-1994].

Between January 1992 and March 1994 in Klimentska Screening Centre 635 second trimester amniocenteses were performed because of the risk of a chromosomal aberration. 416 (66 per cent) procedures were recommended because of the mother's age over 35 years and 219 ones (34 per cent) because of a positive screening test. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophin were used as screening markers in most cases. Five trisomy 21 cases in the advanced age group were detected. Serum markers were assessed in three older mothers with an affected foetus after amniocentesis. All were ex post screen positive. Three trisomy 21 foetuses of mothers younger than 35 years were detected in the screen positive group. Recent advances in screening for Down's syndrome and other congenital defects are discussed.

Adult↗

[Is chorionic biopsy a dangerous and outdated method?].

The authors evaluated the risk of chorion biopsy used within the framework of prenatal diagnosis of the foetus. The incidence of abortions following transabdominal CVS (0.6%) did not differ from abortions after amniocentesis in the second trimester (0.5%). In a group of 1002 diagnostic biopsies of the chorion the authors did not record in the born infants reduction deformities of the extremities. Chorion biopsies were performed in 98% between the 10th and 12th week of gestation. The incidence of mosaicism--1.59%--was not significantly higher than reported in the literature. The authors recommend: to increase the size of the sample of chorion tissue by the use of a manual aspirator, the use of a 30 ml plastic syringe or the double needle method. They consider CVS a suitable method which serves the diagnosis of IUGR and the prenatal diagnosis of the foetus before the 20th week of gestation when cordocentesis involves risk.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗

[Screening for Down's syndrome in the 2d trimester of pregnancy: initial results].

A total of 332 pregnant women with risk of foetal aneuploidy underwent amniocentesis between January 1991 and August 1992: 247 women (74 per cent) for advanced age over 35 years and 85 younger ones (26 per cent) because of significant risk of Down's syndrome as a result of multimarker screening. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, intact human choriogonadotropin and age were used as variables for combined individual risk evaluation according to Wald et al. The Demo version of ALPHA computer programme was used for risk computations. Two prenatally detected cases of Down's syndrome from a total of 5 were from pregnancies of younger mothers aged 18 and 23 years. Various screening protocols and strategies combining age and biochemical variables are discussed.

Adult↗

[Fertility and reproductive risks in older women in Czechoslovakia].

From nation-wide and health statistics data on the reproduction of women above 35 years of age in the CSR were obtained for the years 1975, 1980 and 1985. The older women accounted for 3.8% of all parturient women in 1985 and their relative ratio rose in the course of ten years by 1%, but only due to the group of 35-39 years-old. The specific fertility of older women declined by 40% mainly due to induced abortions. The abortion indices in 1985 reached in the 35-39 year-old ones 2990 and in the 40-44-year-old ones 7523. The number of neonates delivered by older women did not decline so far due to the present large number of women in this age group. The authors compared the reproductive risks of older age groups with the most fertile group of 20-24 year-old ones in the period of 1984 and 1985. Pregnancy ends by spontaneous miscarriage in the group of 35-39 year-old ones 3.2X more frequently and in the group of 40-44 year old ones 6.6X more frequently. The authors assessed the specific risks of spontaneous abortion with regard to the length of pregnancy. Older women have more frequently surgical deliveries (2.4X) incl. three times more frequent Caesarean sections. Deliveries by the breech position are more frequent (1.4X) and also deliveries of low birth weight infants (1.9X). The perinatal mortality, in particular its antenatal component are 2.5X and 3.5X resp. higher. Infants of older mothers are more frequently discharged with an uncertain prognosis (1.8X) or are damaged (2X).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abortion, Spontaneous↗

An atypical ultrastructural pattern in Fabry's disease: a study on its nature and incidence in 7 cases.

This is a report on a stored lipid atypical ultrastructural pattern in skin samples of Fabry's disease expressed exclusively in the endothelium. The pattern consisted of intersecting short crescentic tightly packed membranes with a periodicity identical to that in classical ultrastructural variants. At low magnification the lysosomal aggregates of the material resembled "sunbursts" or aggregates of densely packed squirming villus-like structures. According to results of ultrastructural, lipid, and lectin histochemical analyses including analysis of the patients' blood groups, it could be concluded that it is just a variant physical state of the otherwise typical Fabry lipid. Its origin could be attributed to impeded formation (or maintenance) of larger lipid lamellae. It was found in great amounts in skin capillaries in 2 cases, and rarely in 5 additional cases. Knowledge of this atypical ultrastructural pattern is of practical significance because it could, if prevalent, cause diagnostic problems.

Adolescent↗