Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Smith

Publications and source records attributed to D Smith.

At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Tobacco smoking, personality and sex factors in auditory vigilance performance.

A total of 120 university students comprising equal groups of male and female non-smokers, smokers not smoking and smokers smoking; were compared for performance on a 60 min auditory vigilance task. Non-smokers consistently detected more signals throughout the test. A significant interaction showed that while non-smokers detected fewer signals as the test progressed, smokers increased their number of detections. There were no sex differences and no overall EPI differences in scores, although extraverted non-smokers gave significantly higher scores than introverted non-smokers with the converse being present for smokers. The results are discussed in relation to hippocampal functions and indicate that smoking should be taken into account in experiments involving sustained attention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

An analysis of nucleotides and catecholamines in bovine medullary granules by anion exchange high pressure liquid chromatography and fluorescence. Evidence that most of the catecholamines in chromaffin granules are stored without associated ATP.

The catecholamine and nucleotide content of chromaffin granules from bovine adrenal medulla was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Nucleotides were examined by separation on anion exchange high pressure liquid chromatography and ultraviolet absorption, as well as by anion exchange thin-layer chromatography and luciferin-luciferase light emission analysis. CPATHECHOLAMINES WERE QUANTIFIED VIA AUTOMATED CONTINUOUS-FLOW ANALYSIS USING FLUORESCENCE. We found the average catecholamine/ATP ratio to be 8.2:1 with an SD of 1.98 and an SE of 0.50 for 16 separate glands. Relative percentages of epinephrine and norepinephrine were found to be 79.8 and 20.2, respectively. The granules contained 80.9% ATP, 12.3% GTP, and 6,8% UTP, as well as detectable amounts of ADP, AMP, GDP, and UDP. If we accept the catecholamine/ATP ratio of 4:1 proposed by Hilliarp earlier, then those catecholamines constituting the remainder of our ratio of 8.2:1 should represent a nucleotide-unassociated pool. In view of recent evidence of a direct agonistic function of nucleotides, we propose that the granule-associated nucleotides may act locally as coagonists with certain biogenic amines, and may additionally provide acirculating pool of purines and pyrimidines for use by the heart and lungs.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1977

Dermal cylindroma (turban tumor). Case report.

We present an unusual case of massive dermal cylindroma (turban tumor), occupying the entire scalpand forehead. It was treated by a total scalping procedure and skin grafting in two stages. Additional tumors of the face, neck, chest, shoulders, and back were excised and closed. The nose was treated by shoving and dermabrasion, similar to a rhinophyma. The lip was treated by dermabrasion. There has been no evidence of recurrence in the scalp which was treated by excision and grafting. There is now a papular quality of the skin over the nose and on the uppler lip, indicating that regrowth may occur. The etiology, pathology, and a review of the literature are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Effect of large-dose ascorbic acid on the two-drop clinitest determination.

A study was conducted to determine if high doses of ascorbic acid would affect the two-drop Clinitest determination for glucosuria in normal individuals. Numerous secondary literature sources indicate that large doses of ascorbic acid may cause a false positive Clinitest result. Three-gram and nine-gram doses of ascorbic acid following two dosing schedules (once daily and three times daily) were taken by nine normal individuals to determine if the renal excretion of large enough quantities of ascorbic acid or its metabolites would produce false positive results with the two-drop Clinitest procedure. Each dose was given for seven days in each schedule. There were only two (0.27%) trace positive Clinitest determinations reported out of 748 Clinitest determinations. High doses of ascorbic acid in normal individuals do not appear to affect the two-drop Clinitest determination for urinary glucose. The study indicates a need to be cautious about secondary literature references on drug-laboratory test interferences.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1977

Kyphosis in the paralytic spine.

The paralytic spine without supplementary support is unstable and susceptible to axial collapse. The biomechanical factors responsible for spinal stability should be considered in any treatment regimen for paralytic spines. If posterior fusion is elected as the treatment, kyphosis must be corrected so that the eccentric loading and kyphotic bending moment is very small. When this is done, posterior fusion alone is adequate to give spinal stability and increased function to the individual.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Further decline of breast-feeding.

In a personal survey, by structured interview, we have investigated some of the factors which led 100 healthy mothers (63 primiparae) to decide to breast-feed their healthy babies, and 100 comparable mothers (43 primiparae) to decide to bottle-feed. Past experience (either personal or that of their family and friends) was of considerable but not overriding importance, and the decisions were apparently made surprisingly early in most cases. But much more effective educational approaches are needed, perhaps starting in the schools, and concentrated in the antenatal clinic, to allow mothers to reach the right decision for themselves and their babies. The reasons for early cessation of breast-feeding were also investigated, and suggested that those mothers opting for breast-feeding need better technical information and support.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Diurnal pattern of water and electrolyte excretion and body weight in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. The effect of three treatments.

The diurnal pattern of water and solute excretion and body weight were examined in five control subjects and in a patient with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension before and during treatment. The patient had a reversed diurnal pattern of excretion of sodium, urea and water but not of potassium and creatinine, and there was an excessive diurnal variation in body weight. The effects of three treatments, high salt diet alone and then with the addition of head-up tilt, and later fludrocortisone, were studied. Fludrocortisone caused marked clinical improvement and retention of sodium and water. Once a steady state was achieved none of the treatments had any significant effect either on the diurnal variation in weight or on the water and solute xcretion pattern except for a small reduction in sodium excretion at night when the patient slept with a head-up tilt. In is concluded that these treatments cause symptomatic improvement in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension through an increase in extracellular fluid volume rather than through any change in the abnormal diurnal pattern of water and salt excretion.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Enterotoxigenicity and invasive capacity of "enteropathogenic" serotypes of Escherichia coli.

Forty-two strains of Escherichia coli that agglutinated in pools of antisera used to identify "enteropathogenic" serotypes were tested for heat-labile and heat-stable toxin production and for their ability to invade intestinal mucosa. None of the strains tested were enterotoxigenic or enteroinvasive as determined by the adrenal cell (heat-labile toxin), the suckling mouse (heat-stable toxin), or guinea pig eye (invasive capacity) assays. Our observations suggest that serotyping of E. coli is an unreliable method to identify isolates that are capable of causing gastroenteritis, at least as determined by available in vitro techniques.

Diarrhea, Infantile↗
PubMed1976

Regional quality control.

Methods of quality control of some major haematological techniques are described. These methods have been applied in haematology laboratories serving a population of 2 million using existing facilities for preparation and transport of the necessary materials.

Blood Cell Count↗