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Biomedical subjects

D Smith

Publications and source records attributed to D Smith.

At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Pressure sores.

Pressure, hygiene, spasticity and chronic infection are the important local factors in pressure ulceration. Hypoproteinemia, nutritional deficiency and anemia are the systemic factors. Careful attention to local wound care and dietary supplements is required. Muscle and myocutaneous flaps may provide better coverage than the traditional random pattern flaps. Flaps with sensibility have theoretic advantages but need further investigation.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1983

Dimethyl sulfoxide does not suppress an experimental model of arthritis in rabbits.

We studied the ability of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to influence the course of an experimental model of inflammatory arthritis. A Dumonde-Glynn model of arthritis was induced in both tibio-femoral joints of 10 rabbits, using ovalbumin as the immunogen. At one month post induction of the arthritis, the right tibio-femoral joint of 6 animals was treated for 3 months with topical 80% DMSO--1 g/kg body weight applied to the shaved skin for 5 out of 7 days each week. In another 4 animals, the right tibio-femoral joint was injected with 0.5 ml of 80% DMSO at one month post induction of the arthritis. Joint radiographs were taken at monthly intervals. The rabbits were sequentially sacrificed and the joint tissues evaluated by a blinded observer. Neither the topical DMSO nor the intraarticular DMSO treated joints showed any favorable responses to therapy; in fact the topically treated joints exhibited somewhat more inflammatory and destructive changes than the untreated joints. However the repeated injection of DMSO into normal joints did not, of itself, produce any deleterious effects. This study indicates a need to assess more thoroughly a possible deleterious effect of DMSO on the course of untreated inflammatory arthritis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1983

Hematologic effects of hemoglobin solutions in animals.

Hb could cause abnormalities in coagulation if stromal lipid contaminated the solution. We prepared Hb by two procedures; it was lipid-free by the assays employed. These solutions were given to three species of animals (dogs, pigs, primates) at the dose of 15 ml/kg and then observations were made for hematologic changes. Only dogs demonstrated significant alterations. A consistent transient thrombocytopenia (60% drop) was seen five minutes after infusion and returned to baseline by one hour. Control dogs, receiving albumin, also showed a transient thrombocytopenia but not as pronounced (15% drop). Two Hb-treated dogs had signs of subclinical DIC (positive FDF, protamine sulfate precipitation, and a 70% drop in Factor VIII). There were no differences in any hematologic parameters between Hb and albumin treated pigs and monkeys. These results show that species-specific hematologic responses to lipid-poor Hb can be demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Continuous multiplication of rabbit tracheal epithelial cells in a defined, hormone-supplemented medium.

An improved Ham's F12 nutrient medium supplemented with epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin (INS), and transferrin (TF) was developed for continuous proliferation and clonal growth of primary rabbit tracheal epithelial (TE) cells in culture. The addition of small quantities of fetal bovine serum (FBS) (0.01 to 0.1%) to cultures had little measureable stimulation on TE cell growth and plating efficiency. However, serum levels higher than 0.1% inhibited cell growth and also masked the growth stimulating activities of EGF and INS despite an increase in cell attachment. Under this defined, hormone-supplemented medium, and in the presence of a trace amount of serum (0.01%), 10 to 20% of the protease-dissociated TE cells attached to the culture dish followed by at least four population doublings during 7 to 10 d of culture. Clonal growth occurred at a seeding density of 17 cells/cm2 with a plating efficiency of 6 to 8%. Confluent primary cultures could be passaged two to four times by treatment with a 0.1% trypsin-1 mM EDTA solution and a total of 10 to 30 population doublings of in vitro life span were obtained. The epithelial nature of cultured cells was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescent staining with antikeratin antibody as well as by transmission electron microscopy. This study shows that using this improved hormone-supplemented medium, rabbit TE cells can be maintained in culture for extended periods of time without the aid of a fibroblast feeder layer or explant tissue. This system could be useful for the study of cell differentiation of tracheal epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Use of continuous saralasin infusion to control hypertension.

Saralasin acetate, a competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II, was administered as a continuous infusion to two pediatric patients for 8 and 13 days, respectively, to control hypertension. Both patients had become refractory to parenterally administered antihypertensive medications and had an ileus that precluded drug treatment orally. Both patients had a reduction in blood pressure of 30% in response to intravenous infusion of saralasin as a diagnostic test. In the patient with renal failure, neither saralasin nor ultrafiltration was effective alone, but blood pressure was controlled when their use was combined. In these two patients the continuous infusion of saralasin proved to be an effective means for blood pressure control and was unassociated with any recognized adverse effects.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1982

Stability of T- and B-cell numbers in human peripheral blood.

A comparison was made between the percentage of T and B cells present in human blood on the day of collection and those recovered from whole blood specimens stored for one, two, and three days. In the peripheral blood of normal individuals, the percentage of E-rosetting and surface-membrane immunoglobulin-positive cells was unchanged throughout the three day period. Furthermore, whole blood samples from patients with various hematological diseases maintained for three days exhibited T- and B-cell percentages equivalent to those tested on day zero.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1982

Conjugal bereavement amongst the Huli people of Papua New Guinea.

The Huli people of the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea mourn in culturally patterned ways that differ for men and women. One difference is that women are expected to express their emotions, while man are discouraged from doing so. In this study the mortality of bereaved spouses was determined by following 100 widowers and 208 widows for four years following their bereavements. Widowers showed an excess mortality in the first year following bereavement, while widows showed no such tendency. The possible relationship between these findings and Huli mourning practices is discussed.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1982

Microstructure and strength properties of silicate and glass ionomer cements.

Microstructure characterization of silicate and glass ionomer cements has been carried out using, SEM, EDAX and ion microprobe techniques. The distribution of aluminum, calcium, fluorine, phosphorus or silicon was measured in the set cement surfaces. Cracks in the cement specimens produced by mechanical breaking, in contraction during setting, or as a result of SEM preparation were observed to occur mainly in the matrix and in the interface between matrix and particle. Powders of silicate and glass ionomer cements were separated into various fractions using sieves or cyclone separation technique. Compressive strength measurements of specimens made of powders with various size distributions have been assessed. The fractionation did not reveal any strong effect on the compressive strength properties either for the silicate or the glass ionomer cement.

Chemical Phenomena↗