Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Shin

Publications and source records attributed to D Shin.

59 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of disinfection by-products in drinking water in Korea.

The main purpose of applying the chlorination process during water treatment is for disinfection. Research results, however, indicate that disinfection byproducts (DBPs) including trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), haloketones (HKs), and chloropicrin (CP) can be produced by the chlorination process. Some of these DBPs are known to be potential human carcinogens. This 3-year project is designed to establish a standard analysis procedure for DBPs in drinking water of this country and investigate the distribution and sources of specific DBPs. The occurrence level of DBPs in drinking water was below 50 micrograms/l in most cases. THMs in plant effluent accounted for 60% of all DBPs measured, whereas HAAs accounted for 20%, HANs 12%, HKs 5% and CP 3%. Chloroform was found to be the major THMs compound (77%), followed by bromodichloromethane (BDCM, 18%) and bromoform (BF, 3%). The concentration of DBPs formed in distribution systems increased from those detected in plant effluent. Comparison of humic acid and sewage as precursors for THMs formation showed that humic acid was the major THMs precursor. Results would play an important role in exposure assessment as a part of the risk assessment process, and would give basic information for establishment of DBPs reduction and management procedures.

Chlorine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changing nurses' AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes through continuing education.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continuing education conference on nurses' knowledge and attitudes. Subjects in the study (N = 125) were participants in a one-day conference held at a major medical center in southern California. Content of the program included AIDS epidemiology and etiology, infection control, psychosocial and institutional support for health care workers, sexual history taking and counseling, attitudes toward risk behaviors and the major transmission groups, and legal and ethical issues. Subjects were pretested and posttested using a structured questionnaire that measured AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes, and satisfaction with the conference. Participants were retested 2 to 3 months after the conference. There were significant pretest/posttest differences in knowledge and attitudes that were retained on retest. Subjects with lower levels of knowledge made the greatest gains in knowledge. There was also a tendency for knowledge levels to increase between posttest and retest suggesting that subjects were continuing to learn. Participants indicated satisfaction with the conference speakers and content.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of eccentric load cycling on microleakage of Class V flowable and packable composite resin restorations.

Class V composite restorations are subject to the stresses that induce non-carious cervical lesions. This study evaluated the effect of eccentric oblique load on microleakage of restorations. Class V cavities were randomly prepared on the buccal surfaces of 40 recently extracted premolars and restored with composite resin according to manufacturers' directions. Teeth were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups with 10 teeth per group: (1) flowable resin (Revolution) without load cycling; (2) packable resin (Prodigy Condensable) without load cycling; (3) flowable resin with load cycling (200,000 cycles) and (4) packable resin with load cycling (200,000 cycles). All teeth were then immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours after thermocycling (500 cycles). Dye penetration was measured (scores 0-3). The results indicated that adding load cycling significantly increased microleakage (p < 0.05). No significant differences in microleakage were observed for flowable resin vs packable resin. Gingival margins had significantly more microleakage (p < 0.05) than occlusal margins.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Indications for corticosteroids prior to epididymal sperm retrieval.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of low-dose intermittent prednisone treatment designed to reduce antisperm antibodies for men prior to epididymal sperm retrieval and in vitro fertilization. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective review of 75 subfertile men with reproductive obstruction due to congenital absence of the vas deferens, or other reproductive tract obstruction, who underwent a total of 98 episodes of microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) with in vitro fertilization. RESULTS: For couples in whom the man was pretreated with prednisone, better fertilization rates (39% vs. 21%, P < .0001) and pregnancy rates (48% vs. 26%, p = 0.06) were obtained than in couples in whom the man was not pretreated. The benefit of prednisone treatment was most noticeable for men with preoperatively detectable antisperm antibodies. Prednisone-treated men with preoperative antisperm antibodies showed improved fertilization rates (40% vs. 9%, p = 0.005). Men without antibodies who were treated with prednisone showed a decrement in fertilization rate, from 73% to 24% (fertilizations per oocyte, P < .0005). Success of prednisone treatment could not be correlated with specific assisted-reproduction technique (IVF, PZD, SuZI, or ICSI). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative evaluation of antisperm antibody status and treatment of antibody-positive men prior to epididymal sperm retrieval may play a role in improvement of the fertilization and pregnancy results achieved by centers that provide MESA with assisted reproduction. These results are most important when MESA is performed without the assistance of intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Empiric treatment with prednisone may be detrimental to the fertility of men who have no antisperm antibodies.

Adult↗