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D Shanklin

Publications and source records attributed to D Shanklin.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

226Ra and 228Ra activities associated with agricultural drainage ponds and wetland ponds in the Kankakee Watershed, Illinois-Indiana, USA.

Background radioactivity is elevated in many agricultural drainage ponds and also constructed wetland ponds in the Kankakee watershed. During 1995-1999, gross-alpha and -beta activities were measured up to 455 and 1650 mBq L-1, respectively. 226Ra and 228Ra averaged 139 and 192 mBq L-1 in controlled drainage ponds compared to 53 and 58 mBq L-1 for 226Ra and 228Ra, respectively, in native wetland ponds. Analyses of applied ammonium phosphate fertilizers near both native and controlled ponds indicate comparable 226Ra/228Ra and 228Ra/232Th activity ratios with only the surface waters in the controlled ponds. For example, 226Ra/228Ra activity ratios in controlled ponds ranged from 0.791 to 0.91 and group with a local fertilizer batch containing FL phosphate compounds with 226Ra/228Ra activity ratios of 0.831-1.04. Local soils of the Kankakee watershed have 226Ra/228Ra activity ratios of 0.541-0.70. Calculated Ra fluxes of waters, in drainage ditches associated with these controlled ponds, for 226Ra ranged from 0.77 to 9.00 mBq cm-2 d-1 and for 228Ra ranged from 1.22 to 8.43 mBq cm-2 d-1. Ra activity gradients were measured beneath these controlled ponds both in agricultural landscapes and in constructed wetlands, all being associated with drainage ditches. Ra had infiltrated to the local water table but was below regulatory maximum contaminant limits. Still, measurable Ra activity was measured downgradient of even the constructed wetlands in the Kankakee watershed, suggesting that the attenuation of Ra was low. However, no Ra excess was observed in the riparian zone or the Kankakee River downgradient of the native wetland ponds.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2001

Restrictive dermopathy: report of a case and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Restrictive dermopathy is a rare autosomal recessive skin disorder that is fatal in the neonatal period. Clinical and pathologic findings are distinctive and allow for a specific diagnosis in most cases. METHODS: We present a case of an affected infant and a review of the previously reported cases in the literature. RESULTS: The infant had thick shiny skin with reduced compliance and multiple spontaneous linear splits. Additional findings included an abnormal facies with a distinctive small, round and open mouth, low set ears, small nose, widely spaced sutures, flexion contractures of the extremities, and poorly expanded lungs. The infant expired 65 h after birth. Histologic findings of the skin at autopsy included a relatively unremarkable epidermis, a flat dermal-epidermal junction (absent rete ridges), an overall thinned dermis with hypoplastic appendage structures, a dense fibrotic reticular dermis with collagen parallel to the epidermis, a sharp subcutaneous margin, and an abnormally thick layer of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Electron microscopic findings included dense dermal patches of collagen and fibroblasts with abundant endoplasmic reticulum and unusually small tonofilaments. Review of previously reported cases reveals strikingly consistent findings. CONCLUSIONS: This rare condition illustrates that abnormal cutaneous development may produce fetal hypokinesia, leading to profound effects on intrauterine growth and development. The autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance and morphologic changes of the skin and skeletal system in this disorder suggest that a structural protein or enzyme defect, perhaps of collagen metabolism, may underlie the pathogenesis.

Epidermis↗
PubMed1999

Attaining health for all through community partnerships: principles of the census-based, impact-oriented (CBIO) approach to primary health care developed in Bolivia, South America.

This article describes a flexible primary health care methodology which was developed by Andean Rural Health Care and its colleagues in Bolivia, South America. This methodology, the census-based, impact-oriented (CBIO) approach to primary health care, involves determining local health priorities as defined both by locally acquired epidemiologic information and by the local people themselves. The CBIO approach to primary health care is now functioning successfully at seven program sites in Bolivia, which together serve 75,000 people in urban and rural communities in three distinct cultural and ecological regions of the country. High levels of coverage of basic health services can be achieved through a system of 'epidemographic' surveillance of all families and through home delivery, when needed, of priority services to those at risk. When the services provided are based on local health priorities, when they are provided in a technically effective manner, and when the community has a strong partnership in planning, implementation and evaluation, then the CBIO approach to primary health care will lead to measurable health improvements as defined by changes in population-based rates of mortality and illness in the community. On the basis of our experience, we believe that the CBIO approach offers great potential for strengthening the effectiveness of local health programs in impoverished communities around the world in a way which fosters community ownership and, hence, long-term sustainability.

Bolivia↗
PubMed1998

The census-based, impact-oriented approach: its effectiveness in promoting child health in Bolivia.

This paper describes the effectiveness for child health of a primary health care approach developed in Bolivia by Andean Rural Health Care and its colleagues, the census-based, impact-oriented (CBIO) approach. Here, we describe selected achievements, including child survival service coverage, mortality impact, and the level of resources required to attain these results. As a result of first identifying the entire programme population through visits at least biannually to all homes and then targeting selected high-impact services to those at highest risk of death, the mortality levels of children under five years of age in the established programme areas was one-third to one-half of mortality levels in comparison areas. Card-documented coverage for the complete series of all the standard six childhood immunizations among children 12-23 months of age was 78%, and card-documented coverage for three nutritional monitorings during the previous 12 months among the same group of children was 80%. Coverage rates in comparison areas for similar services was less than 21%. The local annual recurring cost of this approach was US $8.57 for each person (of all ages) in the programme population. This cost includes the provision of primary care services for all age groups as well as targeted child survival services. This cost is well within the affordable range for many, if not most, developing countries. Manpower costs for field staff in Bolivia are relatively high, so in countries with lower salary scales, the overall recurring cost could be substantially less. An Expert Review Panel reviewed the CBIO approach and found it to be worthy of replication, particularly if stronger community involvement and greater reliance on volunteer or minimally paid staff could be attained. The results of this approach are sufficiently promising to merit implementation and evaluation in other sites, including sites beyond Bolivia.

Bolivia↗
PubMed1985

A comparative study of two nutrient data bases.

Reported dietary intake records of 18 infants, 22 young children, and 20 women were analyzed using the nutrient data base systems of the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) and the Nutrient Dietary Data Analysis (NDDA) System. Significant differences between the nutrient data bases were found in the calculations of potassium and niacin for infants and of energy and nine nutrients for women and children. The energy and nutrient composition of many commonly consumed food items in the two nutrient data base systems was different, even though the systems shared common data sources. Differences in the nutrient data bases were primarily due to the timing of data base updates, as well as to the differential use of industry, private, and government food analysis sources, procedural differences in data base updating, and random data entry error. Resolution of differences among nutrient data base systems may depend upon comprehensive reviews of all data base systems or the establishment of a national nutrient data base to serve as a standard for the professional.

Child, Preschool↗