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Biomedical subjects

D Schreiber

Publications and source records attributed to D Schreiber.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Malformations of the heart and vascular system in autopsy material of children].

As a result of the autopsy reports of a twenty-year-period from 1960 to 1979 there were 7.1% (n = 324) malformations of the heart and vascular system among 4,561 autopsies of still-born children and live-born ones up to their 16th years of age. Septal defects of the heart are most commonly observed. The malformations were classified and discussed according to nature, combinations and sex differences as well as with respect to importance for mortality, territorial and time distribution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Gliomedullomyoblastoma. A contribution to the morphology and biological behavior of myogenic brain tumors (author's transl)].

On the basis of an own observation and 38 cases found in the literature problems of histogenesis, classification and biological behavior of myogenic brain tumors and mixed neoplasms with myogenic elements are discussed. In a 2-year-old boy, 2 months after first clinical symptoms, a tumor of the walls of the 4th ventricle had been removed. The growth showed a large variety of histological structures. Irregularly arranged bundles of long muscle fibers with centrally located nuclei and cross striation were the most striking feature. Large cells with prominent nucleoli resembling ganglion cells were identified electronmicroscopically as rhabdomyblasts. Other areas were composed of astrocytic elements or of honeycomb-like structures usually observed in oligodendrogliomas. In serial sections small cells with dark nuclei typical for medulloblastomas were found in small areas. The body died 15 months after the onset of symptoms. The autopsy revealed a relapse in midline structures of the cerebellum. The histological picture differed substantially from that of the primary neoplasm. It was composed only of small cells, showed a large number of collagenous fibers and corresponded to a demoblastic medulloblastoma. The histological variety is regarded as an expression of the pluripotency of neoplastic elements, which are evidently capable to form neuroectodermal as well as mesenchymal structures. It is emphasized that an overgrowth more anaplastic cells led to the described morphological changes. Gliomedullomyoblastoma is regarded as a special variant of medulloblastoma with an unfavourable prognosis.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1982

[Cisplatin as a radiosensitizer in the treatment of solid tumours--a clinical pilot study].

A variety of experimental tumour models have shown that cisplatin in combination with ionizing radiation enhances tumour regression. To evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and toxicity of a combined regimen, 25 patients with different solid tumours were treated with cisplatin and photon irradiation. A local tumour control was achieved in 22 cases. Thirteen patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (T1-3, N1-2, M0) received cisplatin (20 mg/m2 per day) on 5 consecutive days with NaCl hyperhydratation (0,9% NaCl, 2400 ml/24 hours as continuous infusion) in the first and last week of radiotherapy (5 X 2 Gy/week, 56 Gy target volume dose). 12 of 13 patients have shown local tumour control. Increased clinically evident side effects were not observed. From the underlying data the conclusion is drawn that the experimental results are reproducable under clinical conditions and that improved local tumour response rates can be achieved.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Contribution to morphology of malignant histiocytosis (author's transl)].

9 cases of malignant histiocytosis (3 males, 6 females, age 30 to 83 years) have been observed in the biopsy and autopsy material of the Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy of the Medical Academy of Erfurt, GDR. Malignant histiocytosis which derives from tissue macrophages/histiocytes is characterized by a proliferation of non-cohesive atypical histiocytes mainly in lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow. The tumor cells are large, pleomorphic and show an irregularly-shaped, cleaved and often kidney-like nucleus with 1-3 medium-sized nucleoli. The cytoplasm is moderately basophilic and grey-blue when stained with azure B eosin or according to Pappenheim. Diffuse cytoplasmic activities of nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase are further properties. Another sign of malignant histiocytic cells should be stressed, i.e., the diffuse intracytoplasmic perinuclear PAS-positive spot which hitherto has not been mentioned in the literature. Morphological variants of malignant histiocytosis are fibrosing (2 cases) and erythrophagocytosing types (2 cases). Reactive histiocytosis, histiocytosis X and malignant non Hodgkin-lymphomas, esp. immunoblastic lymphomas, are to be taken into account in differential diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[CNS tumors of the perinatal period (author's transl)].

23.4% of CNS tumors which occur during the first year of life show a close time relationship to the perinatal period. These tumors are subdivided in 3 groups: neoplasm in stillbirths, those with histological verification in the first week of life, and those with symptoms since the first week of life and later on performed histological investigation. Most of the intracranial tumors are localized supratentorially. Teratomas predominate, their relative frequency decreases with increasing age. 36.2% of the spinal tumors in infancy are time-related to the perinatal period, most of them are lipomas.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1982

[Metastases of the central nervous system: A prospective study. 2nd Communication: site and distribution patterns of brain metastases].

Among 737 malignant tumors, 93 (12.6%) cases showed metastases within the brain substance. There was no predominance for one of the both hemispheres. However, the cerebellum was a privileged site for metastases (48 out of 93 cases, 51.6%). Multiple metastatic nodules of the brain were found in 65 cases; single metastases occurred 18 times (ratio 3.6 to 1). 11 cases displayed a carcinosis of the leptomeninges and 5 a carcinosis of the brain (table 3). Within the cerebrum we observed 1,060 metastatic nodules (fig. 1). 210 secondary deposits, i.e. one sixth of all nodules, were localized in the cerebellum. Concerning the distribution patterns of the metastases, it is remarkable that an increasing frequency of nodules was seen from the frontal lobes (241) to the parietal (259) and occipital lobes (276), whereas the temporal lobes (146) were significantly less affected. 936 out of a total of 1,270 brain metastases (73.7%) showed a size of the nodules not larger than a pea (table 8.) The source of more than two thirds of all metastatic deposits (875/1,270 = 68.9%) was a carcinoma of the lung (bronchial carcinoma, resp.). With the exception of metastases in the pituitary gland, pineal gland and choroid plexus (compare with the 3rd communication on CNS metastases) 18.6 metastatic brain nodules were observed per lung carcinoma. However, the highest frequency per case with brain metastases was registered in thyroid cancer (40 nodules, table 8).

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Metastases of the central nervous system: a prospective study. 3rd Communication: metastases in the pituitary gland, pineal gland, and choroid plexus (author's transl)].

The following frequency of metastases was found among 737 systematically investigated malignant tumors: pituitary gland--26 cases (3.5%); choroid plexus--19 cases (2.6%); pineal gland--13 cases (1.8%). Most of the metastases were only demonstrated by histological examination. Half of the cases with secondary deposits in the pituitary gland (13/26) were single metastases without any other settlements in the central nervous system, whereas about a quarter (3/13) of the pineal metastases were single deposits. Contrary to this, the choroid plexus displayed multiply metastases including carcinosis of the brain and leptomeninges, with the exception of one case (table 5). The age distribution revealed a peak in the old age (6th to 8th decade). Males (n = 35) were more frequently affected than females (n = 23). Carcinomas of the breast, however, showed the highest tendency of all tumors for secondary spread to pituitary gland (12,5%, table 4).

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Agyria--a clinico-pathological study (author's transl)].

Agyria is an extremely rare malformation of the brain caused by an arrest of neuronal migration towards the cortex. A case of nearly complete agyria is presented in a 2 8/12 year-old boy. The autopsy revealed complete absence of cerebral convolutions in the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes of both hemispheres and discrete convolutions in the temporal lobes. The cortex reached up to 22 mm and the central white matter was very thin, occipitally up to 2 mm. Additionally, hydrocephalus internus was observed. Clinical and pathoanatomical findings are presented and compared with other data published in the literature. The results are discussed in relation to a possible pathogenetic mechanism leading to this cerebral malformation.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1982

[Central nervous system malformations in autopsy material].

As a result of the autopsy reports of a twenty-year-period from 1960 to 1979 there were 5.5 per cent (n = 251) malformations of the central nervous system among the 4561 autopsies of still-born children and live-born ones up to their 16th year of age. Hydrocephalus predominates followed by disturbances of migration and dysraphias in head and spinal region. The malformations were classified and discussed according to nature, combinations and sex differences as well as with respect to importance for mortality, territorial and time distribution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Structure-activity relationships in experimental neuro-oncology (author's transl)].

Hitherto more than 40 neurotropic chemical carcinogens have been detected. In part, their structure differs considerably from each other. Structure-activity relationships have not been discovered so far within this group of carcinogens. However, those carcinogens whose presumed ultimate carcinogen is represented by an ethyl or methyl cation showed a stronger prenatal neuro-oncogenic effect of ethyl compounds than the analogous methyl compounds. Contrary to this, the methyl compounds exerted a higher neurotropic activity than the corresponding ethyl compounds in adult animals (table I). These findings were now examined by means of ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) and methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) in pre- and postnatal experiments in rats. Surprisingly, we yielded opposite results. Neurogenic tumors were produced in 9.4% of the animals by prenatal application of EMS whereas following repeated postnatal EMS injections 82.1% of the rats developed neurogenic neoplasms (tables II, III). Further investigations should clarify whether EMS and MMS represent exceptional chemical carcinogens or whether there are other couples of neurotropic carcinogens that show an activity similar to the alkyl methanesulphonates.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Localization of brain tumors in autopsy. Part I: Tumors of the temporal lobe].

Among the 54946 post-mortem examinations carried out by the Pathological Institute of the Medical Academy of Erfurt in the years 1953 to 1976 with a total of 1491 DNS-tumours (2.7%), the temporal lobe was involved in the following 10 types of tumours: glioblastoma, ependymoma, oligodendroglioma, plexus papilloma, tumour-like gliosis, sarcoma, angioma and angioblastoma, epidermoid tumour, teratoma. Only tumours that had formed in the cerebral tissue proper were evaluated, so that meningiomas and other tumours of the meninges or tumours of the meninges in the middle cranial fossa were left out of consideration. In a total of 949 cases of the above mentioned 10 tumours types, the temporal lobe was involved in 327 (34.5%) cases; these were mainly astrocytomas and glioblastomas (86.5%). Only 63 of the 327 tumours (19.3%) were exclusively located in the temporal lobe. The age peak of the occurrence of temporal lobe tumours was in the 6th decennium. The male showed with 55.4 per cent a slightly greater incidence. CLinically, the left-sided temporal lobe tumours with 79 per cent of the observations were found more frequently than the right-sided ones (67%). Accordingly, left-sided tumours were operated on more frequently (49%) than tumours on the right-hand side (40%).

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Involvement of the central nervous system in generalized non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (author's transl)].

The value of the Kiel classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) in neuro-oncology is supported by a systematic prospective study of the CNS in 131 autopsies with NHL. In 31 (23.7%) cases the CNS was involved, mainly in lymphoblastomas (11) and immunocytomas (10). Tumour manifestations of the CNS were found in 17 (20%) out of 84 low grade and 13 (34%) high grade malignant NHL. In plasmocytomas of the bone marrow the CNS was rarely affected. As only one fourth of the CNS infiltrations in lymphomas showed naked-eye appearances, a careful histologic examination of the brain, spinal cord, nerve roots and spinal ganglia, respectively, is necessary for evaluation of the CNS involvement in NHL. The cause of the different incidence of CNS manifestation in various types of NHL is obscure. Further investigations including immunologic, clinical and therapeutic studies have to be carried out for solving this problem.

Adolescent↗