Lepton asymmetry measurements in B-bar-->D*l- nu -barl and implications for V-A and the form factors.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
D Schmidt
Publications and source records attributed to D Schmidt.
Search for tau ---> gamma micro-: A test of lepton number conservation.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Journal Article↗
Rare tumors in childhood: pathological aspects. Experience of the Kiel Pediatric Tumor Registry.
A wide variety of rare tumors can occur in childhood and adolescence. Tumors can be rare in any age group; common tumors of adults can appear in childhood and adolescence, and many rare tumors and tumor-like lesions show a predilection for younger age groups. Comparatively frequent tumors can present with rare histologic features or can occur in rare atypical locations, and, finally, seemingly common but, in fact, rare tumors have to be distinguished from truly common but rarely recognized tumors. Thus, the spectrum of rare tumors is broad, reflecting the fluent reality of life.
Adolescent↗
An association between fetal abdominal wall defects and elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin in mid-trimester.
We analysed maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in 16 pregnancies with fetal abdominal wall defects previously identified prenatally by elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) or at birth. The AFP levels had a mean of 6.38 MOM (range 0.34-15.65), as expected with these defects. The hCG levels had a mean of 1.82 MOM (range 0.23-4.11). The hCG levels in five pregnancies (31.25 per cent) were above 2.30 MOM. Elevated levels of hCG may be associated with fetal abdominal wall defects.
Abdominal Muscles↗
Intra-arterial fibrinolytic therapy in central retinal artery occlusion.
We have treated 23 patients with central retinal artery occlusion by intra-arterial fibrinolysis, a method already in use for treatment of thromboembolic occlusion of the cerebral arteries. Fibrinolysis was carried out through a microcatheter placed in the origin of the ophthalmic artery. When ophthalmic artery cannot be catheterised, treatment can be carried out indirectly via the maxillary-ophthalmic anastomoses. In 18 cases urokinase was used in doses of 200,000-1,200,000 units; in 5 patients recombinant tissue plasminogen activator was used. Six patients showed marked improvement or total recovery, and six partial recovery, with improvement of visual acuity or a field defect. The worst results were obtained in six patients where the mean delay between the appearance of symptoms and initiation of treatment was more than 20 h. Intra-arterial thrombolysis led to a better outcome in acute occlusion of the central retinal artery than might have been expected with conservative treatment. A good prognosis is to be expected when treatment starts within the first 6-8 h, when some vision remains and when there is less retinal oedema.
Aged↗
Investigation of possible metabolism of pigment yellow 17, a 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine-based pigment, after inhalation exposure in rats.
Rats were exposed by inhalation to the technically highest administrable concentration of 230 mg Pigment Yellow 17/m3 air for 4 h. Inhalability of the dust was guaranteed by a mass-median aerodynamic diameter of 1.0-1.1 microns. For 14 days after exposure, urine and serum samples were analysed for 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, the parent carcinogenic amine of the test compound. No 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine could be detected either in urine or blood, the detection limit being 5 ng/ml for both media. Based on the results of this study there is no evidence for metabolic cleavage of Pigment Yellow 17 to 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine in the rat.
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine↗
An assessment of the contribution of electromyographic biofeedback as an adjunct therapy in the physical training of spinal cord injured persons.
This study tested the efficacy of biofeedback when administered in conjunction with physical rehabilitation therapy to chronic C5-7 quadriplegics. Triceps brachii, biceps brachii, wrist extensors, and wrist flexors were tested. The studied muscles were compromised by the injury to varying degrees, but were often still useful to these subjects. An exercise regimen was given to all subjects. In addition, subjects were separated into two groups: those who received biofeedback training and those who did not. Two measures of performance were tested: manual muscle scores and functional activities scores. Both groups scored significantly higher on both measures after 12 weeks of rehabilitation therapy. We found no evidence that biofeedback generally increased the amount of improvement seen. These results do not support the routine use of biofeedback in the treatment of chronic spinal cord injury, but rather further stress the importance of exercise therapy for such injuries.
Adult↗
Zonisamide for add-on treatment of refractory partial epilepsy: a European double-blind trial.
The new antiepileptic drug zonisamide was evaluated in a European multicenter parallel-group double-blind trial as add-on treatment for 139 patients with refractory partial epilepsy. During treatment with zonisamide complex partial seizures decreased by 27.7% compared to placebo (P < 0.05) and the median rate dropped from 12/month to 7.1/month with no changes in the placebo group (P < 0.007). During the 12-week double-blind phase a 50% reduction of all seizures was recorded in 29.9% of the patients treated with zonisamide vs. 9.4% during placebo. Complete remission was observed during treatment with zonisamide in 6.2%. The plasma concentrations of the concomitant antiepileptic drugs did not change markedly when zonisamide was added. Adverse events, mostly fatigue, somnolence, dizziness and ataxia, occurred in 59.2% of the patients compared to 27.9% during placebo. Zonisamide was withdrawn in two patients due to adverse events. Kidney stones were not observed nor any relevant clinical chemistry or hematological changes. Zonisamide is an effective antiepileptic drug for add-on treatment of refractory partial epilepsy.
Adolescent↗
Rhabdomyosarcomas with primary presentation in the skin.
Five primary and two metastatic rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) with primary presentation in the skin were studied by conventional light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. These cases account for only 0.7% of the 682 cases of RMS collected at two large institutions with a main interest in soft tissue tumors. All but one tumor, which was an embryonal RMS, corresponded to the alveolar subtype. The myogenic nature of the tumor cells was supported by the immunophenotype including positive reactions for vimentin, desmin, and muscle actin. Clinical findings included a male predominance, young age of the patients and the location of all primary cutaneous RMS in the face. One of the two metastatic RMS presented at birth with a clinical picture highly suggestive of congenital metastatic neuroblastoma, notably because of a 100-fold amplification of the N-myc copy number. Thus, this case illustrates again that an amplification of the N-myc oncogene is not restricted to neuroblastoma, but may also occur in other tumor types.
Child↗
Spindle cell variants of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in the paratesticular region. A report of the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study.
We reviewed 173 cases of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Studies (IRS)-I, -II, and -III for evaluation of possible histological factors that might account for the good prognosis of these patients. Almost all cases (161 of 173 cases, 93.1%) occurring in this site were of embryonal histology. A spindle-cell subtype of embryonal RMS was identified that presented a storiform growth pattern with abundant collagen between the tumor cells in most cases. Other tumors of this subtype showed an arrangement of tumor cells in bundles with a low to moderate amount of collagen, resembling a leiomyosarcoma. The other embryonal RMS in this site had the classical embryonal cytology. The spindle-cell subtype was highly differentiated by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Lymph node metastasis was found in seven of 43 patients (16.3%) with a RMS of spindle-cell subtype, compared with 40 of 112 patients (35.7%) with RMS of non-spindle-cell type. Clinical data from patients with spindle-cell subtypes of the paratesticular lesions revealed that they almost always had an association with clinical groups of limited disease (32 patients, 74.4%, with Group I; 10 patients, 23.3%, with Group II disease) and a significantly better prognosis (95.5% survival at 5 years) when compared with patients with the classic embryonal variant of RMS (80% survival at 5 years, p < 0.035). The incidence and anatomic distribution of this spindle cell subtype of embryonal RMS was estimated on 800 randomly selected patients from IRS-II. It was found in the head and neck, extremities, orbit, and some other sites, but 30.6% were located in the paratesticular area. Patients with spindle cell RMS of nonparatesticular sites usually had more extensive disease compared with patients having paratesticular lesions; two thirds of the cases had gross residual tumor after surgery or metastatic tumor at diagnosis. We conclude that spindle-cell RMS is a subtype of embryonal RMS with a very favorable prognosis. The site factor of the paratesticular localization may allow earlier diagnosis of the spindle-cell lesions compared with other sites. Other unknown factors may also play a role.
Child↗
Expression of CD30 and nerve growth factor-receptor in neoplastic and reactive vascular lesions: an immunohistochemical study.
A total of 118 biopsies from 20 different types of benign, malignant and reactive vascular proliferations were examined for the expression of the CD30 antigen using the monoclonal antibodies BerH2 and HRS4 on paraffin-embedded sections. The results were compared with those obtained using an antibody directed against the partially homologous nerve growth factor-receptor. The vascular character of the lesions was assessed by means of endothelial markers and the expression of intermediate filaments was verified immunohistochemically. CD30 was expressed in the endothelial component of more than the half of all tumours, with the exceptions of Kaposi's sarcoma and teleangiectatic granuloma. There was a slightly higher rate of Ki-1 positivity in malignant lesions. Nerve growth factor-receptor could be demonstrated in a similar percentage in both endothelium and pericytes, but no correlation with CD30 could be established. We conclude, therefore, that these antigens are not adequate for the differential diagnosis of vascular lesions, nor do they help distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. Their expression seems to reflect different states of cellular function or activation. It does not necessarily occur simultaneously or in the same cell type.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Innovative designs of controlled clinical trials in epilepsy.
Uncontrolled noncomparative clinical observations of investigational antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) often lead to overoptimistic efficacy results and are therefore of very limited value for clinical AED development. The classic add-on trial with placebo as control treatment, in contrast, has provided unequivocal evidence of the efficacy of classic and new AEDs and has also identified less useful AEDs. Drug interactions, carryover effects, difficulty in analyzing individual drug action, and the recognition that monotherapy is by far the more common way of prescribing AEDs have led to the development of classic active control monotherapy trials. A major problem of these trials is a no-difference outcome, which allows no useful interpretation. Recently, two alternative monotherapy designs have been developed to avoid the deadlock of a no-difference outcome. In these designs the active control drug is administered in an attenuated form (low dosage or low concentration) or a placebo control is used when standard treatment is discontinued during presurgical evaluation. Both designs have produced unequivocal evidence of the efficacy of the investigational AED during monotherapy. Ethical concerns are minimized by the introduction of preset escape criteria for patient protection. These designs are valuable new supplements for the clinical development of investigational AEDs for monotherapy in epilepsy. In our opinion, alternative monotherapy designs should be preceded by more than one pivotal add-on, placebo-controlled trial.
Anticonvulsants↗
Felbamate: successful development of a new compound for the treatment of epilepsy.
Felbamate (FBM) is an effective and safe novel antiepileptic drug (AED) for add-on treatment in adults with refractory partial seizures as shown in three pivotal controlled trials. In addition, FBM is effective and safe in monotherapy in adults with refractory partial seizures. FBM is also effective and safe as add-on therapy for children and adults with refractory Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The effective daily dosage is approximately 30-45 mg/kg divided into three or four doses with resulting plasma concentrations of 50-80 mg/L. The safety profile of FBM is limited to mild gastrointestinal complaints, insomnia, and nonspecific CNS symptoms. Six pivotal controlled trials, with both classic and innovative design, showed that FBM is a useful AED.
Adult↗
Relationships among non-Acremonium sp. fungal endophytes in five grass species.
Many cool-season grasses (subfamily Pooideae) possess maternally transmitted fungal symbionts which cause no known pathology and often enhance the ecological fitness and biochemical capabilities of the grass hosts. The most commonly described endophytes are the Acremonium section Albo-lanosa spp. (Acremonium endophytes), which are conidial anamorphs (strictly asexual forms) of Epichloë typhina. Other endophytes which have been noted are a Gliocladium-like fungus in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and a Phialophora-like fungus in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Here, we report the identification of additional non-Acremonium sp. endophytes (herein designated p-endophytes) in three more grass species: Festuca gigantea, Festuca arizonica, and Festuca pratensis. In each grass species, the p-endophyte was cosymbiotic with an Acremonium endophyte. Serological analysis and sequence determinations of variable portions of their rRNA genes indicated that the two previously identified non-Acremonium endophytes are closely related to each other and to the newly identified p-endophytes. Therefore, the p-endophytes represent a second group of widely distributed grass symbionts.
Base Sequence↗
Elschnig's spots as a sign of severe hypertension.
Elschnig's spots were observed in 3 patients with severe hypertension. Extensive choroidal depigmentation as well as hyperpigmentation surrounded by depigmentation were scattered over the whole retina. At the periphery, Siegrist's bead string pigmentation was present (first patient). Despite the massive chorioretinal changes, only slight functional changes were evident. The retinal hypertensive changes predominated over choroidal vascular lesions (second patient). Elschnig's spots were present almost only unilaterally (third patient). Choroidal vascular changes predominated in the presence of acute hypertension (first and third patient), whereas retinal vascular changes were the result of a more gradual onset of hypertension (second patient).
Acute Disease↗
Retinal telangiectasis and proliferation of the retinal vessels in a family.
A 20-year-old woman presented with a marked proliferative retinopathy of the entire central region of the retina in both eyes, with veil-like epiretinal gliovascular membranes and isolated spots of haemorrhaging. The outer region of the retina was unremarkable. Her 49-year-old mother showed perimacular telangiectases in both eyes. The vascular system of both patients were medically sound, and, in particular, the blood pressure, blood sugar and blood picture were normal, with no signs of heart, kidney, lung or liver disease. The first patient had been a heavy smoker for 6 months, and the second did not smoke. The 84-year-old mother of the second patient was blind following bilateral Horton's temporal arteritis.
Adult↗
Medial septal area modulation of sustained negative shifts in awake rabbits.
Experiments were performed on rabbits with chronically implanted Ag-AgCl electrodes over occipital cortex and chrome-nickel stimulation electrodes in the medial septal area. Visual evoked potentials (VEP) were elicited by means of randomly occurring flashes. After measuring the N1-amplitude of the VEPs, responses with N1-1 amplitudes below a previously determined discriminative value were reinforced by a weak footshock 1.5 S1 after the flash. In the group of high-amplitude VEP we found longer negative shifts than in the group of low-amplitude VEP, starting 600-700 ms after flash and lasting up to the end of the observed time range. The stimulation of medial septal area (0.5 mA, 6 imp/s) during the normal flash application led to a delay of the maximum of this negative shift which returned now to baseline within the observed range. The amplitude of these sustained negative shifts was larger during septal stimulation. Larger negative shifts followed high-amplitude VEP than the low-amplitude ones. Repetition of usual flash application without septal stimulation after a 10 min break turned the negative shift to normal. After electrolytic destruction of medial septal area this late negative shift vanished without any restitution.
Acetylcholine↗
[Determination of proliferation activity of prostate cancers by means of nuclear proliferation-associated formalin resistant Ki-S5 antigens].
In order to evaluate the growth fraction in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic prostatic tissue, we examined paraffin sections of 55 cases of prostatic cancer containing areas of benign (BPH) and atypical hyperplasia (AH). Cellular proliferation was assessed by nuclear staining with the monoclonal antibody Ki-S5 directed against a formalin-resistant epitope of the Ki67 antigen. The proliferation rate was minimal in normal glands and BPH (mean 0.35%), rather low in AH and grade I carcinoma (0.5 to 15% compared to grade II carcinoma (1 to 40%) and peaking to near 80% labeled cells in grade III carcinoma. In the majority of the tumors, foci of increased cell growth could be detected by this method. Ki-S5 labeling indices correlated significantly with the histopathologic grading established by Dhom. Correlation with the clinical outcome will be the subject of subsequent retrospective studies.
Antigens, Neoplasm↗