Multiple primary intracranial tumors of different cell types: association of anaplastic astrocytoma and acoustic neurinoma--with review of the literature.
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Astrocytoma↗
Biomedical subjects
D Schiffer
Publications and source records attributed to D Schiffer.
A pathologic study of malignant gliomas operated after radio- and chemotherapy.
Fifteen biopsies of malignant gliomas, treated before surgery by radio- and chemotherapy, have been studied. The aim of the study was to ascertain if the tissue changes, which have already been observed in autopsy samples and are related to the above mentioned treatments, occur also in biopsy samples. Even taking into due account the limitations imposed by the small number of cases, a positive correlation was found between macrophages, vessel degenerations, endothelial proliferations and radiation therapy as well as between monster cell increase and chemotherapy. These findings are consistent with those obtained with autopsy material and demonstrate that tumors after radio- and chemotherapy are more quiescent and contained.
Blood Vessels↗
Glycosaminoglycans of brain tumors transplacentally induced by ENU in the rat.
GAGs accumulate in the oligodendrogliomas and in the oligodendroglial component of mixed gliomas induced in rats by transplacental ENU. We studied the period between birth and the appearance of the earliest tumoral lesions and did not find any accumulation preceding the early neoplastic proliferations. These findings, together with the observation that GAGs are present only in the oligodendroglial component of tumors, are in agreement with our previous interpretation that the tumoral transformation of oligodendroglia takes place after it has acquired the ability to interfere with GAG metabolism during myelinogenesis.
Animals↗
Tissue alterations induced by radio- and chemotherapy in brain with malignant gliomas.
35 brains with malignant gliomas treated by surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy and processed by means of the "complete study" technique have been studied. The preliminary results are reported. Many types of changes have been observed. Areas of coagulative necrosis with vessel alterations and teleangectasias are present around the tumor in many cases. Different pathologic aspects are observed distant from the tumor. Edema both in the homo - and contralateral hemisphere is constantly present. Severe edema with demyelination, axon disappearance and loss of cells is frequently found associated with prolonged survival. Often it is accompanied by wide or small areas filled with macrophages. Spongio-necrosis in the white matter of contralateral temporal lobe has been observed in two cases and telangiectasias areas have been found in another one. The relation between changes and treatment is discussed.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
The significance of minimal alterations in muscle biopsy of Duchenne carriers.
In order to define the significance of minimal histological and ultrastructural abnormalities in Duchenne carriers, 18 normal healthy volunteers were examined by muscle biopsy. Light microscopy evidenced occasional internal nuclei and less frequent small round and angular fibres. Variability of fibre size, increase in connective tissue, necroses and basophilia found in carriers were not present in controls. Histograms constructed on ATPase stain sections demonstrated variability in distribution of fibre types both in normals and in carriers. Fibre size was more variable in carriers, where a significant decrease of the size of type II B fibres was observed. Electron microscopy evidenced knots in overcontraction, myofibrillary widening, subsarcolemmal accumulation of mitochondria and Z band streaming, which have been reported also in carriers. The results are discussed and compared with the data of the literature.
Adult↗
Radio- and chemotherapy of malignant gliomas. Pathological changes in the normal nervous tissue.
The pathological effects of radio- and chemotherapy on the normal nervous tissue have been studied in 42 brains with malignant gliomas. The brains have been examined by means of the complete study technique. In seven cases the picture of delayed radionecrosis has been found. Apart from this, many histological features have been related to post-operative survival, radiation dose, interval between radiation and death, chemotherapy, steroids, size and activity of the tumour. Some alterations, such as peritumoural necroses, macrophage areas, vessel wall degenerations etc. result from radiotherapy. The relations and pathogenesis are discussed.
Adult↗
Prognosis and clinical varieties of ALS disease.
210 cases of ALS disease in the period 1955-1979 are considered. Different parameters such as sex, age, duration and clinical course have been correlated with four clinical types: conventional, pseudopolyneuritic, pyramidal and bulbar. The age distribution shows a peak in the fifth decade of life. The sex ratio is 2.08:1. Considering together all the clinical types, the mean duration of the disease is 27.05 months. The bulbar variety has the poorest prognosis (19.6 months) and the pyramidal variety the best (37.59 months). Familiarity is evidenced in only 3 cases. All our data are discussed and compared with those of the literature.
Adult↗
Epidemiology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the province of Turin.
An epidemiological investigation on Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Turin and its province has been carried out for the period 1955-974. The incidence of the disease proved to be 24 X 10(-5), and the prevalence 2.15 X 10(-5). The mutation rate was 80 X 10(-6). The data are compared with the literature. Segregation analysis on many families was performed in order to find the theoretical number of carrier among Duchenne mothers. The importance of epidemiology for genetic counselling is stressed.
Child↗
[Progressive muscular dystrophy of the Duchenne type. Epidemiology and strategy for prevention].
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Female↗
Experimental brain tumors by transplacental ENU. Multifactorial study of the latency period.
Experimental cerebral tumors have been induced by transplacental ENU. The morphologic study of the brains of treated rats revealed that cellular hyperplasias appear at the 30th day of extrauterine life in the paraventricular white matter, i.e., before the already known "early neoplastic proliferations". Cytofluorimetric investigations failed to demonstrate differences between treated and control rats during the 1st month. On the contrary, adenylate cyclase activity is very high in that period. The duration of the latency period is discussed.
Adenylyl Cyclases↗
Pathology of human malignant gliomas after radiation and chemotherapy.
The pathological effects of radio- and chemotherapy have been studied in 31 malignant gliomas. The brains have been examined by means of the complete study technique. Many histological features have been related to surgery, localization, preoperative duration, postoperative survival, irradiation, and chemotherapy. No specific alterations have been found, but some positive correlations have been established: decrease of mitoses, occurrence of macrophages and vessel degeneration after radiation, increase of monstrous cells after chemotherapy.
Adult↗
Motor neuron disease following poliomyelitis. Bioptic study of five cases.
5 cases of late motor neuron degeneration following poliomyelitis are presented. CPK, CSF, EMG and spine radiology were studied. In all cases, muscle biopsy evidenced neurogenic alterations both in previously affected limbs and in newly affected ones. Mitochondrial abnormalities were found in 1 case. The findings are discussed in the light of the literature with particular regard to the pathogenesis of the disease. The case with abnormal mitochondria is stressed for the possible relationship of this pathology with systemic degenerative diseases.
Adult↗
On the nature of the so-called monstrocellular sarcoma of the brain.
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Adolescent↗
Analysis of some factors effecting survival in malignant gliomas.
Many factors, including the histological aspect, are known to effect the survival of patients with malignant gliomas. The relation between survival and diagnoses such as primary and secondary glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, etc., is not definitely clear. In 324 malignant gliomas the relationship between survival and age, sex, tumor pathology, occurrence of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrations, and size of the examined specimen was studied. Preoperative intervals of primary and secondary glioblastomas do not differ; anaplastic astrocytomas show definitely longer preoperative intervals and slightly but not significantly longer postoperative patient survival. The correlations are discussed, focusing on importance of knowing the survival times of untreated cases in order to evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in malignant gliomas.
Adult↗
Mitochondrial abnormalities of late motor neuron degeneration following poliomyelitis and other neurogenic muscular atrophies.
A case of late motor neuron degeneration following poliomyelitis with abnormal mitochondria in muscle fibers is presented with two additional cases of systemic neurogenic muscular atrophy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease). Muscle biopsy revealed a neurogenic pattern of variable severity in all cases. Subsarcolemmal zones of hyperactivity and hyperpositive intermyofibrillar collections of granular material present in a variable proportion of type I fibers were demonstrated by oxidative enzymes. Ultrastructurally they corresponded to abnormal mitochondria, with paracrystalline inclusions in one case. The finding is discussed in the light of the previous literature on mitochondrial myopathies. Mitochondrial alterations are not specific and their significance in neurogenic conditions is debated.
Adolescent↗
Cerebral tumours induced by ENU; changes of adenylate cyclase activity in the tumour latency time.
Tumours of the nervous system have been induced by transplacental ENU. Until the fourth month of life the tumoural lesions appear as mixed glial proliferations or oligodendroglial foci. From the fourth month on they develop as glial micro- and macrotumours or as isomorphic and polymorphic oligodendrogliomas. The adenylate cyclase activity studied during these two distinct phases of tumour development was markedly reduced in brain tumours, independent of their cellular origin, compared with the level in the normal brain. On the other hand, the activity of the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of cyclic AMP is significantly increased during the first period of tumour development when early neoplastic proliferations are present.
Adenylyl Cyclases↗
Central core disease: histochemical and ultrastructural study of muscle biopsies of father and daughter.
Two cases of central core disease, father and daughter, of a family with dominant autosomal inheritance, are presented, one with bilateral congenital dislocation of the hip. Muscle biopsy was performed in both cases. Oxidative enzymes evidenced only type I fibers, most of them presenting a central core and not uncommonly more than one. On electron microscopy the cores generally appeared well demarcated from the surrounding fibrils and were characterized by lack of mitochondria and abnormalities of the Z line. Transitional aspects from normal fibers to completely unstructured cores were observed, as well as from well structured and unstructured cores. These findings are discussed in the light of the previous literature and particular attention is paid to the problem of differentiation between central core and multicore disease. The pathogenesis of the muscular alteration is also discussed in relation with the possibility of their neurogenic origin. Eventually, the histochemical and ultrastructural similarities between central cores and target fibers are focused.
Biopsy↗
Cerebral tumors induced by transplacental ENU: study of the different tumoral stages, particularly of early proliferations.
Experimental cerebral tumors have been induced by transplacental ENU. A systematic diachronic study of the brains has been performed starting from the 15th day of extrauterine life. The tumoral lesions firstly appear as "early stage proliferations" or oligodendroglial foci and develop as glial micro- and macrotumors or as isomorphic and polymorphic oligodendrogliomas respectively. Neurinomas appear later than glial tumors. The duration of the different lesions is sketched out. The usefulness of the model for chemotherapy studies is discussed.
Animals↗