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Biomedical subjects

D Schiff

Publications and source records attributed to D Schiff.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Renal clearance of digoxin in premature neonates.

The renal clearances of digoxin and creatinine were determined in seven premature neonates (mean gestational age = 29.9 wk, range = 26 to 36 wk) at a postnatal age of 1 to 9 days (mean = 4.1 days). The corrected renal digoxin clearance (mean, 10.4 ml/min/1.73 m2; range, 2.5 to 36.7) was highly dependent on gestational age and body weight, r being 0.95 and 0.96, respectively (exponential curve). The linear slope of corrected renal digoxin clearance vs. creatinine clearance plot approached unity (r = 0.99), indicating that digoxin and creatinine were handled similarly by the kidney in these premature neonates (i.e. glomerular filtration with some degree of tubular secretion). Our finding of slower renal digoxin clearance helps to explain the higher serum levels and longer half-life of this drug in premature neonates.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1980

The Meckel syndrome in the Hutterites.

At least three cases of the Meckel syndrome have been identified in the Hutterites. Two of these were sibs and were studied during life; the other, a close relative, was diagnosed retrospectively by a review of hospital records. All parents were consanguineous. The phenotype ranged in severity from the association of occipital meningocele, cystic kidneys, postaxial polydactyly, and microphthalmia to a milder expression consisting of cystic kidneys, ocular defects apparent only on funduscopic examination, and a brain abnormality demonstrated by computer tomography. Survival ranged from 5 to 13 months. In one patient, the renal lesion was manifested as a tubular rather than a glomerular defect, and was probably not the primary cause of death.

Canada↗
PubMed1980

Clinical relevance of the plasma reserve albumin binding capacity for bilirubin (RABC) and "free" bilirubin concentration.

An analysis of 55 plasma samples from 46 jaundiced newborn infants showed that endogenous "free" bilirubin levels bear no significant correlation to reserve albumin binding capacities for bilirubin as determined by both the Sephadex G-25 gel filtration and the enzymatic peroxidation technique (r = 0.14, p less than 0.05). This contrasts with the significant correlation between the "free" bilirubin concentrations and the bilirubin/albumin molar ratios in the same plasma samples (r = 0.75, p less than 0.001). The results of this study suggest that if "free" bilirubin is the "driving force" in the pathogenesis of bilirubin encephalopathy then the use of the reserve albumin binding capacity for bilirubin as the only guide in predicting the risk of kernicterus may not be adequate.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1980

Angiotensin and drinking rates in the euryhaline killifish.

Drinking rates were measured in the euryhaline fish Fundulus heteroclitus in the presence and absence of angiotensin II or its competitive inhibitor P-113 and converting enzyme inhibitor (SQ20881). Angiotensin stimulated drinking in Fundalus adapted to salt- or freshwater. More significant, P-113 decreased drinking rates in saltwater-adapted fish and to ones acutely exposed to saltwater. SQ20881 was also effective in inhibiting drinking. These data are interpreted to support the hypothesis that endogenously produced angiotensin is a physiological stimulus for drinking in fish.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1979

Plasma carnitine levels during intravenous feeding of the neonate.

The premature infant has a limited capacity for fatty acid oxidation. This study shows that solutions commonly used for intravenous feedings in the newborn infant contain no carnitine. Infants maintained on this solution have significantly lower total, free, and acylcarnitine levels as compared to when they are fed orally with expressed human milk or a proprietary formula, which is known to contain carnitine. The exogenous supply of carnitine to the premature infant may have a significant influence on the ability to stimulate optimal fatty acid oxidation.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

Lipid metabolism in the neonate. III. The ketogenic effect of Intralipid infusion in the neonate.

The ketogenic potential of Intralipid was studied in two groups of infants: 12 were SGA and 15 AGA; all were clinically stable and less than 48 hours of age. During four-hour Intralipid tolerance tests, the SGA infants achieved significantly higher plasma TG and FFA levels. Both groups of infants significantly increased the concentration of ketone bodies; however, there was no difference in the levels achieved. In view of the slower clearance rate of TG and the higher levels of FFA in SGA infants, it is speculated that in addition to a possible defective lipoprotein lipase system and a decrease in number and size of the adipose cells, beta-oxidation of FFA to ketones may be occurring at a slower rate. The generation of high levels of ketones during Intralipid infusion period in both groups of infants indicates that SGA infants can handle ketone bodies as readily as AGA infants.

Dietary Fats↗
PubMed1977

Partial trisomy 12p due to t(12;21)pat translocation.

Partial trisomy (interchromosomal duplication) of the short arm of chromosome No. 12 was observed in an infant girl with psychomotor retardation, prominent forehead, ptosis of the right eyelid, esotropia/exotropia, flat nose, hypotonia and other anomalies. A comparison of her features with those in five reported cases with a similar chromosomal imbalance shows certain features common to all, but the material is too limited for definitive characterization of a trisomy 12p syndrome.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1976

Bilirubin quantitation with lipemic plasma.

1. In the presence of lipemia, the estimation of BR by diazo method is variable and hence unreliable. 2. The estimation of BR in lipemic plasma by the use of the A-O bilirubinometer yielded BR levels which were consistently lower than theoretical values. 3. By regression analysis of the percent error in BR estimation, (using the A-O bilirubinometer) and TG Concentrations, a straight line is obtained. Based upon this line, a correction factor for plasma BR concentration in the range of 5-25 mg/dl can be obtained if the degree of lipemia is known.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1976

Variance in albumin loading in exchange transfusions.

To assess the rationale of albumin priming prior to exchange transfusions, 42 hyperbilirubinemic infants who required exchange transfusions were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group I consisted of 15 infants who were given intravenously 1 gm/kg of salt-poor human serum albumin one hour before the exchanges. Group II, which consisted of 27 infants, received simple exchanges. No statistical differences were found in variations in reserve albumin-binding capacity, bilirubin, albumin, or red cell bilirubin at pre and one-hour post albumin infusion in the primed infants. The amount of bilirubin removed per kilogram is directly correlated to plasma bilirubin concentration (r=0.87). No significant difference in efficiency on bilirubin removal was seen between the two groups. Beneficial effects of albumin therapy was apparent only in those infants with low RABC as determined by the sephadex gel filtration technique.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1976

Gentamicin and albumin-bilirubin binding. An in vivo study.

Ten newborn infants were given gentamicin intramuscularly. Over a postinjection interval of 12 hours, no significant change occurred in the total binding capacity of serum albumin for bilirubin or in concentrations of serum bilirubin levels. There was no correlation between concentrations of serum gentamicin and the total binding capacity or serum bilirubin. This study provides in vivo data that supports recent in vitro experiments showing that gentamicin does not alter bilirubin-albumin binding.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1976

Insulin responses during catch-up growth of infants who were small for gestational age.

Growth characteristics of 15 full-term infants, selected because of weights more than 2 SD below the mean for gestational age, are described. The response to an intravenous injection of glucose was utilized to measure the insulin response of the infants at 6 months. Infants small for gestational age grow at a faster rate than appropriate-for-age infants during the first six months of life. There was a positive correlation between the growth velocity of the period and insulin release and a negative correlation between growth velocity and birth length. There was no correlation between these variables and increases in weight during the same period. Growth velocity during catch-up growth is related to the degree of preceding retardation but insulin may play a permissive role.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1976

Lipid metabolism in the neonate. I. The effects of Intralipid infusion on plasma triglyceride and free fatty acid concentrations in the neonate.

To determine the ability of the neonate to metabolize Intralipid, it was infused in a dose of 1 gm/kg of body weight over a 4-hour period to 27 infants in the first 48 hours of life. Differences in the metabolism of this lipid were related to gestational age and to weight for gestational age. Premature AGA infants of less than 33 week's gestation hydrolyzed the triglyceride to FFA more slowly than did AGA infants whose gestation was greater than 33 weeks. The SGA infants achieved very high plasma levels of triglycerides and free fatty acids during the infusion and cleared the lipid very slowly in the postinfusion period. This suggested impaired hydrolysis of the triglyceride and deficient uptake and/or utilization at a cellular level of the resulting free fatty acids in SGA infants.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1976

Lipid metabolism in the neonate. II. The effect of Intralipid on bilirubin binding in vitro and in vivo.

The relationship between Intralipid fat emulsion and the binding of bilirubin to protein and cells was studied in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro system, Intralipid had no beneficial effect in augmenting billirubin binding in adult whole blood. The unmetabolized Intralipid had no adverse effect on bilirubin binding in vitro. Twenty-seven neonates were infused with Intralipid (1 gm/kg) over a 4-hour period; the SGA infants achieved very high plasma concentrations of free fatty acids. When the molar ratio of free fatty acids to albumin in plasma was greater than six, the free fatty acids displaced bilirubin from albumin, resulting in the generation of free bilirubin. It is suggested that the molar ratios of free fatty acids to albumin in plasma be followed in any infant who is receiving Intralipid and that the dose of Intralipid be adjusted to maintain this ratio below six.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1975

Neonatal pneumopericardium.

SUMMARY: Pneumopericardium developed in three newborn infants, including a set of twins, with respiratory distress syndrome. The rarity of this condition and its occurrence in two newborns suggest an anatomic predisposition, especially in premature infants requiring assisted ventilation. Two of the infants died; one had undergone pericardiocentesis. From a review of the literature and from our cases we conclude that conservative therapy appears warranted in cases of isolated pneumopericardium although the number of cases reported is too small to provide a definite answer.

Diseases in Twins↗