Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Salmon.
A total of 386 and 393 members of a Breton community, in France, the Bigoudens, have been tested for polymorphisms of C3 and haptoglobin (Hp) plus Transferrin (Tf) respectively. An interesting observation was a gap between the observed and expected phenotype C3 frequencies. The Hp and Tf gene frequencies were not found to be closer to the other Celtic peoples than to the French and English populations.
A case of acute aortic valve Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis is reported in a 48 year old fisherman with no history of initial erysipelar and requiring emergency aortic valve replacement 48 hours after starting antibiotic therapy with Ampicillin and Gentamicin. The outcome was favourable. In the light of 32 of the 40 previously published cases, the authors discuss the difficulty in identifying the causal organism, the main epidemiological features, the occupational association of these infections, the incidence of primary infections, the involvement of the aortic valve and the more serious nature of the disease compared to non-D streptococcal endocarditis, despite high sensitivity to Penicillin G.
We have observed many patients treated with levothyroxine sodium who have elevated serum thyroxine (T4) levels but appear clinically euthyroid. Such patients generally have normal serum triiodothyronine (T3) values. A retrospective review at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, comparing the correlation of T3 and T4 values in levothyroxine-treated patients with that in patients not so treated was carried out from 1977 to 1979. Mean free thyroxine index (FTI) value in 104 levothyroxine-treated patients was 4.70 +/- 0.2 and mean T3 value was 177 +/- 9 ng/dL. In a group of 50 hyperthyroid patients, mean FTI value was 7.26. +/- 0.5, with a mean T3 value of 389 +/- 26 ng/dL. In 71 euthyroid patients, mean FTI value was 2.36 +/- 0.1, with a T3 value of 137 +/- 3 ng/dL. Computed ratios of T3 to FTI and T3 to T4 were significantly lower in the group treated with levothyroxine than in either the hyperthyroid or euthyroid nontreated groups. Levothyroxine-treated patients with high T4 levels but normal T3 levels were clinically euthyroid. Patients not treated with levothyroxine with similarly elevated T4 levels had elevated T3 levels and were clinically hyperthyroid. It is concluded that lower relative T3 levels in levothyroxine-treated patients may explain why these patients appear clinically euthyroid despite elevated T4 values. Serum T3 determination is the procedure of choice for evaluation of levothyroxine-treated individuals. Furthermore, an elevated FTI value in such an individual does not, in itself, dictate need to reduce dosage.
A group AB mother (Mrs P.D.) gave birth to a group O female baby (C.D.). Extensive study of the blood group genetic markers in both the parents and the child, carried out on several occasions, showed nothing unusual outside the ABO system. Mrs P.D. then, gave birth to a second female baby who was also group O. Mrs P.D. had normal amounts of A, B, H and Lewis antigens in her saliva. The H, A and B agglutinability of her red cells was in the range of normal A2B group. This A2B blood group was characterized by very low A gene-specified glycosyltransferase activity in serum. Moreover this activity was undetectable in red blood cell membranes. These results are discussed in the light of various hypotheses in order to explain this unusual transmission of ABO blood group.
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HLA typing of 100 blood samples was carried out in an unrelated Tunisian population, chosen according to its aptitude in giving blood and therefore, in undergoing a complete medical examination. The results obtained show a strong similarity with those already recorded by H. Betuel and coworkers. Two haplotypes are in linkage disequilibrium; which are found in the Turks and the Sardinians.
Advances in biological identification of an individual based on blood markers polymorphism make available the attribution of paternity of a given child to an alleged father. Using Bayes' formula on these data requires previous calculation of conditional probabilities of the child's phenotype under either hypothesis of true paternity and non-paternity of the man. However, exact formulation of those is obtained only by introducing into the both parents-child link. The necessity of the successive use of Bayes' formula in each step for exact calculation of parental genotype weights is proved. The resulting process allows computer identification of possible genotypes and exact computer processing.
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A sample of 192 male propositi with at least one ULI either missing or reduced has been compared with 197 male controls in terms of the morphology of the other teeth. Every class of propositi exhibits modifications in the following characters: Significant differences between propositi and controls were found for molar cusp number and groove pattern, particularly in the lower first molar and in propositi with reduced ULI. Significant differences between propositi and controls were also found with respect to caniniform pattern of the lower first premolar. The Carabelli's cusp is rarer in propositi. A hypothesis to account for these observations is proposed.
Serum from 408 subjects drawn at random from a population of 29,985 was tested by quantitative electrophoresis and, when a narrow band was detected, by immunoelectrophoresis. Six cases of monoclonal gammapathy (MG) were found, including four with IgMK and two with IgGK. The incidence of MG (1.47%) was not particularly high, but the proportion of IgM (66.67%) was abnormally elevated. This peculiarity does not seem due to the advanced age of the subjects tested (58 +/- 13 years) but might be the result of too much inbreeding until recent years.
There does not seem to be any noticeable difference between the various Bantu groups tests. One can note a higher frequency of the O gene in the High Ogooué (0,77) than in the Ogooué Lolo (0,73). The Powi group shows very few MSU or NSU alleles but because of the small number, no firm conclusions can be drawn. The collection of these Bantu populations is characterised by a high frequency of O, u, and Ro. The tested Pygmies match up with these characteristics and only differ from the Bantus by a very high frequency of u (0,33), especially of the MU haplotype, and by an increased frequency of Ro. The small number does not enable these differences to be considered as statistically valid. It should be noted that the Bawandji group is similar to the Pygmy group as regards ABO and Rhesus, i.e. a marked B and Ro frequency.
The proportion of exclusion for a given mother-child pair is the proportion of males excluded from the paternity of this child of a known mother and may be calculated given both the child's and mother's phenotypes and the population gene frequencies. Its expected value in the population is equal to the probability of exclusion, which expresses a laboratory's capability to exclude from paternity nonbiological fathers.In a sample of 171 families examined for 20 genetic systems at the National Blood Group Reference Laboratory, 25 exclusions of putative fathers were detected. The ranking by efficiency of the systems used in these exclusions fits the "expectation of their efficiency," and the average proportion of males excluded by the child's and mother's phenotypes is not different from the expected proportion. Additionally, the repetition of exclusions in an incompatible putative father-mother-child trio is not dependent on the overall proportion of males excluded by the mother and the child, but rather on some high values of the proportion of excluded men in some specific systems.Here, formulas and some factors modifying these parameters as well as a more efficient sequence of examinations to exclude paternity than has previously been used are given. Using this sequence, laboratories which carry out several analyses per day can work by levels of five examinations at a time, done in a particular order, to obtain a rather rapid exclusion of certain families.
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