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D Salmon

Publications and source records attributed to D Salmon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Number of deaths among HIV-infected adults in France in 2000, three-source capture-recapture estimation.

We estimated the number of deaths in France for the year 2000 in HIV-infected adults using three sources. The sources were (1) the 'Mortalité 2000' survey (M2000): 964 deaths were documented by 185 hospital wards involved in HIV management; (2) 1288 death certificates with a mention of HIV infection (INSERM-CepiDc) and (3) the French hospital database on HIV infection (FHDH) identified 654 deaths. The capture-recapture method was used with log-linear modelling. Overall 1559 deaths were observed. Estimation of the number of deaths in France was 1699 (95% CI 1671-1727). The completeness of M2000, CepiDc and FHDH were 55%, 76% and 38% respectively. Diversification of diseases and of causes of death in HIV-infected adults may explain: (1) the diversification of physicians involved in their management and incomplete coverage of M2000 and FHDH, and (2) why HIV infection was not mentioned in all death certificates.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Health related quality of life and lipodystrophy syndrome among HIV-infected patients].

AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this work is to show to what extent a psychosocial evaluation can lead bring to comprehension of the subjectivity of Quality of Life (QoL) among HIV-infected patients. Evaluation of QoL makes it possible to understand the link between the therapeutic effectiveness and the subjective evaluation of the treatment, but also to estimate more precisely how people live and take their treatment in the context of HIV infection. METHOD: This work confronts the variation of QoL with the variation of several social and psychosocial parameters identified as of the components of the system, which is the subjective evaluation, and more precisely to a specific side effect of Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapies (HAART): lipodystrophy syndrome that consists in body fat redistribution. This side effect could consist in an accumulation of body fat, or a loss of body fat or a combination of both symptoms. The analysis was made on the data from APROCO-COPILOTE cohort composed of HIV-infected patients initiating HAART. RESULTS: Among a sample of 706 patients follow-up for three years and with available QoL data, we identified the variations of QoL according to the variation of this specific side effect and according to gender. Results show that lipodystrophy syndrome has a determinant impact on QoL different among male and female patients. Adjusted on clinical and socio-demographic characteristics, impaired women's QoL is associated with accumulation of body fat and impaired men's QoL is associated with loss of body fat. CONCLUSION: These results underline the role of body image on subjective evaluation of QoL. The analysis of empirical data made it possible to highlight the social implication of the evaluation of QoL from the role of the social support, patient-provider relationship and the social context.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Weight related differences in the pharmacokinetics of abacavir in HIV-infected patients.

AIM: To study the possible influence of patient characteristics on abacavir pharmacokinetics. METHODS: A population pharmacokinetic model for abacavir was developed using data from 188 adult patients by the use of a nonlinear mixed effects modelling method performed with NONMEM. RESULTS: Abacavir pharmacokinetics was well described by a two-compartment open model with linear absorption and elimination. Typical population estimates for the absorption rate constant (Ka), the apparent central distribution volume (Vc/F), the apparent peripheral distribution volume (Vp/F), the apparent intercompartmental clearance (Q/F) and the apparent plasma clearance (CL/F) were 1.8 h(-1), 75 l, 23.6 l, 10 l h(-1) and 47.5 l h(-1), respectively. Apparent plasma clearance was positively related to bodyweight. Individual Bayesian estimates of CL/F were used to calculate abacavir AUC. The latter decreased from 10.7 +/- 5.0 to 5.7 +/- 1.6 mgh l(-1) when bodyweight increased from 36 to 102 kg. This drop in abacavir exposure could lead to suboptimal treatment for the heaviest patients, as antiviral efficacy of abacavir is known to be related to its AUC. A 400 mg abacavir dose would be necessary to achieve adequate exposure to abacavir in patients weighing more than 60 kg. CONCLUSIONS: The apparent plasma clearance of abacavir was positively related to bodyweight. The efficacy of the current recommended abacavir dosage for patients with high bodyweight should be evaluated in further studies.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence and healthcare burden of illegal drug use among emergency department patients.

OBJECTIVES: Illegal drug use is common in emergency department (ED) patients, but previous prevalence studies have relied upon approaches that may underestimate the true extent of the problem. The aim of this study was to examine illegal drug use in a typical adult ED. METHODS: We employed an independent researcher to prospectively and anonymously interview patients attending an inner city adult ED throughout all 168 hours of a typical week. Additional information collected from the treating clinician indicated whether each presentation was directly or indirectly related to illegal drug use. RESULTS: We found that 6.9% of all patient attendances were directly or indirectly related to illegal drug use, and hospital admission was required in nearly half of these. The majority of drug related problems were acute injuries, overdose, and the medical complications of drug use. CONCLUSIONS: This suggests that the emergency healthcare burden related to illegal drug use is substantial, and higher than previously reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Causes and characteristics of death among HIV-1 infected patients with immunovirologic response to antiretroviral treatment].

INTRODUCTION: To analyse the causes of death among HIV-infected adults in France in the year 2000. METHODS: Based on data from a national survey, our study describes and analyses the causes and characteristics of patients with immunological and virological response (CD4>200/mm3, ARN-HIV<500 copies/mL), who died during antiretroviral treatment. RESULTS: Among a total of 964 deaths registered, data on 864 cases were available for analysis. One hundred forty-nine patients (17%)were immunovirological responders. The underlying causes of death were non AIDS-defining malignancies for 36 (24%), mainly due to lung cancer (16 cases), hepatocarcinoma (7) and ano-rectal carcinoma (3), AIDS for 22 (15%), mainly due to Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (10 cases) and uterine cancer (3), cardiovascular diseases for 22 (15%), post hepatitis C hepatic failure for 16 (11%), suicide for 16 (11%), and bacterial infections for 14(9%). When comparing characteristics of death in the 149 responders versus the 715 other patients, the responders were significantly more frequently: co-infected by HCV+ (45 vs. 33%), injected drug addicts (40 vs. 27%),alcoholics (38 vs. 28 %), and dyslipidemics (19 vs. 11%). In 2000,around 20% of registered deaths of HIV patients in France had occurred among good immunovirological responders. CONCLUSION: To further reduce mortality among such efficiently treated patients, attention must be focused on treatable conditions such as hepatitis C, dyslipidemia and on the prevention of malignancies such as lung cancer and cervical or ano-rectal carcinoma.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2004

[Causes of death among HIV infected adults in French Guyana and the French West Indies in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)].

OBJECTIVE: The survey "Mortality 2000" had for aim to describe the distribution of causes of death in HIV-infected adults in France. METHOD: Hospital wards involved in the management of HIV infection prospectively reported deaths occurring in 2000. The causes of death were documented using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: In French Guyana and the French West Indies the five referent wards reported 81 deaths. The main underlying causes of death were AIDS-related (67%), non-AIDS and non-hepatitis related cancer (9%), cardiovascular disease (7%), bacterial infections (5%), and end stage liver disease (4%). Among AIDS-related deaths, the more frequent diseases were histoplasmosis and toxoplasmosis in Guyana and atypical mycobacterial infection, tuberculosis, and cytomegalovirus disease in the West Indies. Median age was 43 years, transmission of HIV infection was heterosexual in 79%; 56% lived in poor socio-economic conditions, and 30% were born abroad. One out of five had been recently diagnosed with HIV infection and one out of three had never received antiretroviral treatment. CONCLUSION: In 2000, two in three death cases in HIV-infected adults were AIDS-related in French Guyana and the French West Indies. Improved strategies for screening HIV infection before the occurrence of AIDS are still needed taking into consideration poor socio-economic and migrant conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Abeta1-42 promotes cholinergic sprouting in patients with AD and Lewy body variant of AD.

BACKGROUND: The neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in the Lewy body variant of AD (LBV) patients is characterized by cholinergic dysfunction and deposition of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) 1-40 and 1-42; however, the differential effects of Abeta species on the cholinergic system are not completely clear. OBJECTIVE: To better understand the relationship between levels of Abeta1-40 and 1-42 on cholinergic deficits in AD and LBV patients. METHODS: Levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and ChAT immunoreactivity in the plaques in the frontal cortex of patients with AD and LBV were correlated with Abeta1-42 and 1-40 levels determined by ELISA and with neuropathologic and neurologic markers. RESULTS: Although the overall levels of ChAT activity were reduced in AD and LBV cases, there was a direct correlation with Abeta1-42 levels. Furthermore, patients with high Abeta1-42 levels had more abundant cholinergic dystrophic neurites in the plaques than cases with lower Abeta1-42. CONCLUSION: Abeta1-42 may also trigger cholinergic dysfunction by promoting aberrant neuritic sprouting.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Performance on the dementia rating scale in Parkinson's disease with dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies: comparison with progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND: The relation between dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To compare the cognitive profiles of patients with DLB and PDD, and compare those with the performance of patients with a subcortical dementia (progressive supranuclear palsy) and a cortical dementia (Alzheimer's disease). DESIGN: Survey of cognitive features. SETTING: General community in Rogaland county, Norway, and a university dementia and movement disorder research centre in the USA. PATIENTS: 60 patients with DLB, 35 with PDD, 49 with progressive supranuclear palsy, and 29 with Alzheimer's disease, diagnosed by either standardised clinical procedures and criteria (all PDD and Alzheimer cases and 76% of cases of progressive supranuclear palsy), or necropsy (all DLB cases and 24% of cases of progressive supranuclear palsy). Level of dementia severity was matched using the total score on the dementia rating scale adjusted for age and education. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dementia rating scale subscores corrected for age. RESULTS: No significant differences between the dementia rating scale subscores in the PDD and DLB groups were found in the severely demented patients; in patients with mild to moderate dementia the conceptualisation subscore was higher in PDD than in DLB (p = 0.03). Compared with Alzheimer's disease, PDD and DLB had higher memory subscores (p < 0.001) but lower initiation and perseveration (p = 0.008 and p=0.021) and construction subscores (p = 0.009 and p = 0.001). DLB patients had a lower conceptualisation subscore (p = 0.004). Compared with progressive supranuclear palsy, PDD and DLB patients had lower memory subscores (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The cognitive profiles of patients with DLB and PDD were similar, but they differed from those of patients with Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. The cognitive pattern in DLB and PDD probably reflects the superimposition of subcortical deficits upon deficits typically associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Recommendations about the prevention and management of tuberculosis in patients taking infliximab.

An unusually large number of cases of tuberculosis, often with miliary or dissemination, has been reported in patients taking infliximab for rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease. Recommendations have been issued in France regarding the definition of high-risk patients, the screening methods to be used in these patients, and possible prophylactic treatments. The present update is also intended to help physicians manage tuberculosis occurring before or during infliximab therapy.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2002

Semen alterations in HIV-1 infected men.

BACKGROUND: Couples in whom the man is infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increasingly request assisted reproductive technology (ART) to allow safe procreation. Semen quality is critical in such situations. METHODS: Semen characteristics were evaluated in 189 HIV-infected men requesting ART. At the time of semen analysis all men were healthy and 177 were receiving anti-retroviral therapy. Comparisons were made with HIV-seronegative men, partners of women requiring IVF because of tubal infertility, after matching for age and sexual abstinence delay. RESULTS: The most significant semen alterations found in the HIV-infected men were reduced percentages of rapidly progressive sperm [median (range), 10% (0-30%) compared with 15% (5-30%) in the controls, P < 0.001], and increased concentrations of non-spermatic cells [3 x 10(6)/ml (0.2-16 x 10(6)/ml) compared with 1.1 x 10(6)/ml (0.1-14 x 10(6)/ml) in the controls, P < 0.001]. HIV-infected men also showed lower ejaculate volumes [2.8 ml (0.6-9.3 ml) compared with 3.6 ml (1.1-11 ml), P < 0.05] and total sperm counts [262.5 x 10(6) (0-1003 x 10(6)) compared with 310.5 x 10(6) (48.3-1679 x 10(6)), P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: Semen evaluation in a large population of HIV-infected men requesting ART evidenced several alterations. Some of these anomalies might be related to anti-retroviral treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Cholinergic deficits in the brains of patients with parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam.

Patients with parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC) of Guam showed moderate loss of choline acetyl transferase activity in the midfrontal and inferior parietal cortex, and severe loss in the superior temporal cortex. This deficit was similar to that seen in Alzheimer's disease and less severe than Lewy body disease. Thus, cholinergic deficits in the neocortex might contribute to some of the cognitive alterations in PDC of Guam.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2001

Failure to maintain long-term adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy: the role of lipodystrophy.

In a sample of 277 patients included in the French APROCO cohort study who were initially adherent at follow-up visit 4 months after initiation of a protease inhibitor-containing regimen, 76.4% self-reported at least one lipodystrophy-related symptom and 30.0% failed to maintain adherence behaviour 20 months after enrolment. After multiple adjustment for other related factors, such as younger age, alcohol consumption and poor housing conditions, the number of self-reported lipodystrophy symptoms was independently associated with adherence failure.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A DnaJ-like protein homologous to the yeast co-chaperone Sis1 (TcJ6p) is involved in initiation of translation in Trypanosoma cruzi.

In eukaryotes, proteins homologous to the bacterial DnaJ protein are involved in regulation of the Hsp70 molecular chaperones, which are implicated in a variety of protein biogenesis pathways. We report herewith the molecular characterization of a T. cruzi DnaJ gene, termed TcJ6, encoding a protein that displays high sequence homology with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sis1 co-chaperone required for the initiation of translation. TcJ6 protein was expressed as a polypeptide of 36.5 kDa at a constant level during parasite differentiation and was associated to the cytoplasmic fraction. We showed that overexpression of TcJ6 complemented a temperature-sensitive yeast sis1 mutant. In addition, sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis of polysomes from T. cruzi and a yeast mutant overexpressing TcJ6p showed that the trypanosomal co-chaperone was closely associated with ribosomal subunits, 80 S monosomes and the smaller polysomes, as observed for Sis1p. Furthermore, in T. cruzi TcJ6p was also found to be preferentially concentrated around the nucleus, giving a speckled staining pattern. This suggests that TcJ6p is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. Taken together, these data suggest that the trypanosomal DnaJ is involved in initiation of translation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗