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Biomedical subjects

D S Sarkisov

Publications and source records attributed to D S Sarkisov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Ten-year activities of the Faculty for Training of Scientific and Pedagogical Personnel, I.M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy].

With the assistance and direct participation of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, the I. M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy has developed and introduced an unique elitist educational system to train of scientific and pedagogical staff at the pre- and postdiploma training stages on the basis of their close relationships and continuity, within whose framework a specially designed faculty has been successfully operating for 10 years. The basic principle that ensures its effective activity and solution of many didactic problems is the individualization and differentiation of an educational process by using a great diversity of reserves and organizational forms. The created system is unique in Russian and foreign practice. It improves the quality of scientific and pedagogical staff training, promotes more effective creation of staff reserves for the departments of higher educational establishments and research institutes of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1999

[Surgical sepsis-definition of the notion. Problems of terminology].

The problems of terminology are discussed, as well as classification and definition of sepsis. Comparative analysis of traditional for our country and up-to-date foreign classifications is carried out. The criteria for diagnosis of sepsis are discussed. On the basis of 20-year experience in examination and treatment of patients with sepsis, the authors set forth their own stand, suggesting two varieties of sepsis for consideration: common complication of surgical infection, a rare disease.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Polyploidy in cardiac myocytes of normal and hypertrophic human hearts; range of values.

Two-wavelength scanning DNA cytophotometry was used for DNA and protein estimation in human ventricular myocytes. In many hypertrophic hearts weighing more than 500 g the DNA content assessed by ploidy of myocytes, was within the range of normal adult variation (4-10c, where c is the haploid DNA content). A correlation was found between the protein content of myocytes and the weight of the hypertrophic ventricle. In congenital heart disease, the excessive polyploidy (up to 15-20c) developed through the normal route of myocyte polyploidization in childhood. Excessive polyploidization was revealed only in overloaded hypertrophied ventricles. A correlation was identified between the ploidy level, the ventricular weight and age of the child. Excessive polyploidy was also detected in adults with congenital or acquired in childhood diseases. There was no correlation between the myocyte ploidy and age. We propose that childhood polyploidy excess persists in these adults. The ranges of polyploidy are compared with the recent data on genome: protein ratio in cardiac myocytes and the interrelationships allow us to discuss the significance of childhood heart polyploidy as a reserve utilised under pathological conditions in adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Staged tissue expansion in the surgery of suppurative wounds].

To close extensive infected wounds and to replace long bone defects, along with other methods a method of graded tissue strain (GTS) has been developed and introduced into practice (246 patients). The method differs from all others in that it requires no transfer of elaborate flaps while replacing soft tissue defects; and no graft or foreign body is introduced externally into the wound in replacing long bone defect. Soft tissue defect is gradually replaced by wound-adjacent intrinsic tissues, the wound is closed by related skin and bone defect is filled by an osseous regenerate which is formed during graded transposition of the osteotomized fragment. At the same time good blood supply and tissue innervation retain, which contributes to their resistance to purulent infection. The analysis of the findings has led to the conclusion that GTS is an indispensible contribution to the development of plastic purulent surgery allowing the anatomic and functional integrity of the diseased segment to be restored.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

[Basic trends in general human pathology and principles of its teaching in higher medical education].

The paper considers the current trends in the development of biological and medical sciences: their subject, tasks, methods, and place of General Human Pathology among other subjects, its value for the clinical discipline. It defines and analyzes the most topical and disputable directions of General Human Pathology, primarily including those which form the bases for the pathology theory. Arguments are advanced for the necessity of introducing the subject General Pathology of Man into the curriculum of higher medical educational establishments at various faculties. Consideration is given to the specific features of this subject teaching at the faculty training researchers and research pedagogical personnel, at the Pharmaceutical and Higher Nurse Training Faculties of the I. M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy. A proposal is given to consider and to discuss the most important problems of General Pathology and its teaching, which are listed in the paper.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1994

[Morphologic and functional aspects in the treatment of patients with intestinal fistulas].

Combination of severe purulent processes (peritonitis, phlegmons, and extensive wounds of the abdominal wall), eventration, and complete high unformed intestinal fistulas leads to rapid hemostasis disorders and emaciation. In nonoperative treatment lethality reaches 70%. Complete bilateral disconnection of the fistula bearing intestinal loop is the operation of choice in such situations. In this case the length of the disconnected intestinal segments may be two thirds of the length of the jejunum and the greater part of the colon. The results of morphofunctional study of an intestinal segment disconnected for a long period are analysed. The tactics of active surgical treatment is illustrated by clinical cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

DNA and protein relations in cardiomyocytes. Growth reserve in cardiac muscle.

Two-wavelength scanning cytophotometry was performed for the measurement of DNA (Feulgen reaction) and total protein content (naphthol yellow S staining) in the same cardiac myocyte. A lack of proportionality between the DNA content (i.e, cell ploidy) and protein content has been detected in ventricles of normal weight in the human heart. While the ploidy classes contained ratios of 2:4:8:16:32, the ratio of the protein content was about 2:3:5:8:17. In hypertrophic left or right ventricles, the latter ratio composed a series of doubling. Owing to this additional growth, weight of muscle tissue may be increased from 30% to twice, depending on the myocyte ploidy of a given myocardium which varies from 4 to 10c on average under normal circumstances and to 30c in some cases of hypertrophy (where c is the haploid DNA content, and, accordingly, a haploid chromosome set). Thus, one of the mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy has been revealed which comprises the first step of the growth and often the process per se. Polyploidization of cardiac myocytes and their postmitotic growth enhance the heart weight in normal circumstances and creates a growth reserve for hypertrophy under conditions of pathology in future.

Adult↗