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Biomedical subjects

D S Robinson

Publications and source records attributed to D S Robinson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Breast cancer: management of the opposite breast.

Women who have or had cancer in one breast are at especially high risk for developing cancer in the contralateral breast. Other risk factors for second primary breast tumors include age, the use of radiation in treating the index cancer, and pathological characteristics of the original cancer. Management approaches range from close clinical and mammographic surveillance only to immediate prophylactic contralateral mastectomy. Routine and selective biopsy of the opposite breast at the time of treatment of the initial cancer have their proponents. The authors discuss these methods and the effect of a second cancer on overall prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

A modified ultra high temperature treatment for reducing microbial lipolysis in stored milk.

Cultures of Pseudomonas P46 grown in whole milk to contain approximately 2 X 10(7) or 1 X 10(8) viable cells ml-1 before ultra high temperature (UHT) treatment (140 degrees C for 5 s) demonstrated near linear increases in the concentration of short-chain free fatty acids (FFA) during storage at 20 degrees C. However with 5 X 10(6) cells ml-1 before UHT heat treatment there was no detectable increase in these FFA levels over a 6-month storage period. A novel heat treatment (140 degrees C for 5 s followed by 60 degrees C for 5 min) reduced the rate of production of volatile FFA to less than 10% of the rates achieved after the normal UHT treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Splenic B cell lymphoma with "villous" lymphocytes in the peripheral blood: a disorder distinct from hairy cell leukemia.

The clinical and laboratory features of 23 patients with a characteristic form of splenic lymphoma with circulating "villous" lymphocytes (SLVL) are described and compared with those of other B cell disorders with preferential splenic involvement. SLVL affects predominantly men in their early 70's and is characterized by gross splenomegaly with little or no lymphadenopathy, presence of monoclonal gammopathy in two thirds of the cases, and infiltration of the peripheral blood by lymphocytes with a characteristic pattern of membrane irregularity. These lymphocytes are often confused with cells from hairy cell leukemia, from which they can be distinguished by a number of morphological features, by having a small cell volume, and by lack of expression of the HC2 and Tac antigens. The bone marrow is easily aspirated in the majority of cases and shows a relatively sparse infiltration. The spleen histology shows predominant white pulp involvement, although infiltration of the red pulp is seen in a small number of cases. The differential diagnosis of SLVL should also include hairy cell leukemia variant, prolymphocytic leukemia, and atypical forms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Early discharge after mastectomy. A safe way of diminishing hospital costs.

In order to assess the risks and benefits of early discharge after major breast surgery, the authors analyzed 73 consecutive private patients who underwent operations by four surgeons over a 1-year period. Patient's ages ranged from 34 to 84 years, with a mean of 56.2 years. One patient was excluded from analysis because thoracotomy with a pulmonary resection was performed during the same hospitalization. Thirty-seven patients underwent total mastectomy with complete axillary dissection, 30 underwent segmental mastectomy with complete axillary dissection, and five underwent total mastectomy alone. For each patient the chest wall and axilla were drained by means of one or two Jackson-Pratt (American Heyer Schulte Corp., Goleta, CA) closed suction drains. Prior to discharge, all patients were instructed in the proper technique of drain care and were directed to record the daily drainage. Patients were discharged when they were fully mobile, did not require injectable narcotics, and felt capable of taking care of the drains as outpatients. The length of postoperative stay ranged from 1 to 9 days (mean 2.9), with all but three patients being discharged by the fifth postoperative day. Patient acceptance of early discharge with drains was excellent. Drains were pulled on an outpatient basis, usually within 7 to 10 days after surgery. Complications were observed in twelve patients (18%), consisting of seromas (8 patients), cellulitis (2 patients), and minimal superficial skin necrosis (2 patients). All complications were managed easily on an outpatient basis. We conclude that early discharge with Jackson-Pratt drains remaining in place is safe, well tolerated by patients, and has tremendous potential for substantial cost savings.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Two new cell lines from B-prolymphocytic leukaemia: characterization by morphology, immunological markers, karyotype and Ig gene rearrangement.

Leukaemic cells from 2 patients with B-prolymphocytic leukaemia were immortalized in vitro by means of Epstein-Barr virus and phorbol-ester TPA. The resulting cell lines, named JVM-2 and JVM-3, have been growing continuously in liquid culture for more than one year. JVM-2 is characterized cytogenetically by t(11;14)(q13; q32), and JVM-3 by trisomy 12. The immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy- and light-chain genes showed the same pattern of rearrangement in both lines as in the original prolymphocytes from each case. The cells from these lines showed a spectrum of morphological and immunological features corresponding to different stages of B-cell maturation. The expression of Ig, IgM-lambda in JVM-2 and IgMD-K in JVM-3, changed from a predominantly membrane pattern in the original cells to a cytoplasmic one in the cell lines. By comparison with their original progenitors, the cells from both lines showed reduced reactivity with the monoclonal antibody (MAb) FMC7, and increased expression of the antigens recognized by the MAbs OKT10, alpha-Tac, FMC53 and Ki-I. The availability of cell lines from this rare type of lymphoid leukaemia offers a potential tool for the study of molecular events associated with the expression of Ig and other antigens by neoplastic cells.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1986

Effects of adrenaline on the turnover of lipoprotein lipase in rat adipose tissue.

The mechanisms by which adrenaline brings about a reduction in the lipoprotein lipase activity of adipose tissue in vitro were investigated. The incorporation of [3H]leucine into lipoprotein lipase was measured during 1-h pulse incubations of rat epididymal fat bodies that had been preincubated for 4 h in the presence of glucose, insulin and dexamethasone. When adrenaline was added to the incubation medium at the start of the pulse, the incorporation of [3H]leucine was markedly reduced, suggesting that the rate of the enzyme's synthesis had decreased. On the other hand, the degradation of lipoprotein lipase, as measured by the loss of 3H-labelled enzyme protein during pulse-chase incubations of the epididymal fat bodies, was found to be significantly increased by the addition of adrenaline to the incubation medium at the start of the chase period. It is concluded that adrenaline is able both to inhibit the synthesis of lipoprotein lipase and to stimulate its degradation.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1986

Regulation of the synthesis of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue by dexamethasone.

The incorporation of [3H]leucine into lipoprotein lipase during incubations of rat epididymal fat-bodies in vitro was significantly stimulated by dexamethasone, whereas total protein synthesis was unaffected. The stimulation by dexamethasone required the presence of insulin. The results suggest that dexamethasone, in the presence of insulin, may specifically induce lipoprotein lipase synthesis in adipose tissue.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

Degradation of lipoprotein lipase in rat adipose tissue.

Pulse-chase studies have shown that the lipoprotein lipase protein of rat epididymal fat bodies is apparently rapidly degraded (43% in 3 h) during incubation at 37 degrees C under conditions where little degradation of the total adipose tissue protein is taking place.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

Normal counterparts of hairy cells and B-prolymphocytes in the peripheral blood. An ultrastructural study with monoclonal antibodies and the immunogold method.

The morphological and membrane phenotypic characteristics of normal peripheral blood B-lymphocytes were studied at ultrastructural level by means of the immunogold method with the following McAb: anti-HLA-Dr (OKIa and FMC4), FMC7, OKT10, and alpha HC1 and alpha HC2, reactive with HCL cells. Five morphological subsets of B-lymphocytes were identified: (i) 40% had a high nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, well condensed chromatin and small pale granules localised in one area of the cytoplasm, these cells expressed HLA-Dr and did not react with any of the other McAb; (ii) 40% had a prominent nucleolus, variable amount of chromatin condensation and localised granules, these cells were HLA-Dr positive and some of them expressed FMC7 as do the cells of B-PLL; (iii) 10% had a villous outline and variable numbers of polyribosomes scattered throughout the cytoplasm, some of these cells resembled morphologically HCL cells and were HLA-Dr +, FMC7 +, alpha HC1 +, alpha HC2 + and OKT10 +/-. The remaining two types of B-cells (10%) had the morphology of antibody secreting cells with parallel arrays of endoplasmic reticulum and some displayed electron dense granules in the Golgi zone. These cells were: (iv) lymphoplasmacytoid, the more common type, which were HLA-Dr +/-, FMC7-, alpha HC1-, alpha HC2 + and OKT10 +/-, and (v) plasma cells which were positive only with OKT10. The similarities in morphology and membrane markers between two of the subsets defined in this study and the cells of B-PLL and HCL suggest that they may represent normal counterparts of these B-cell malignancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The effect of insulin on the synthesis of lipoprotein lipase in rat adipose tissue.

A novel method is described for measuring the incorporation of radiolabelled amino acids into rat adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in vitro. Following the incubation of epididymal fat-bodies in the presence of [3H]leucine, the radiolabelled enzyme was isolated from extracts of the delipidated tissue, in a single step, by affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose, SDS-PAGE of such purified enzyme preparations revealed the presence of a single radiolabelled polypeptide of molecular weight 56 000, corresponding to LPL. In the presence of insulin, the rates of incorporation into LPL and into total tissue protein were increased respectively by 2.3 fold and 1.7 fold, compared to controls. It is concluded that part of the increase in incorporation into LPL is due to the general stimulus of protein synthesis in the tissue by insulin. Additionally insulin may either specifically increase the rate of synthesis or decrease the rate of degradation of the enzyme.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

Amitriptyline and hydroxylated metabolite plasma levels in depressed outpatients.

As part of a double-blind clinical trial comparing phenelzine and amitriptyline in outpatients with predominantly major depressive disorder, plasma tricyclic antidepressant drug concentrations were measured in 83 amitriptyline-treated patients. In 29 of these patients, hydroxymetabolites were also assayed. Patients were treated for 6 weeks at a fixed dose of 150 mg/day of amitriptyline after the first 5 days. Therapeutic outcome was assessed with a structured depression interview schedule, the Symptom Checklist-90, a side effects checklist, and a global improvement scale. Steady state plasma levels of 10-hydroxynortriptyline were in the same range as amitriptyline or nortriptyline concentrations. Clinical response did not relate significantly to plasma levels of either the parent drug, its metabolites, or the sum of all four pharmacologically active substances. Minimum threshold tricyclic antidepressant levels for therapeutic effect were not found. Assay of its active hydroxymetabolites does not appear to improve the clinical utility of routine amitriptyline level monitoring in patients with major depression in an outpatient setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Primary plasma cell leukaemia: immunological and ultrastructural studies in 6 cases.

The clinical and laboratory studies of 6 patients with primary plasma cell leukaemia are described. The leukaemic cells had a variable morphology, ranging from lymphoplasmacytic and mature plasma cells to poorly differentiated blasts. The neoplastic plasma cells had a characteristic phenotype: they were positive for CyIg and the McAb OKT10 and Ri-3, and did not express the B-cell antigens Ia, B1 and B4. Ultrastructural studies confirmed the plasma cell nature of the leukaemic cells and showed the presence of a meshwork of cytoplasmic fibrils in 50 to 90% of the neoplastic cells from all cases. The distinct ultrastructural and immunological features of PCL described in this study will help the diagnosis and further characterisation of this disease entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Intracytoplasmic inclusions in B prolymphocytic leukaemia: ultrastructural, cytochemical, and immunological studies.

The intracytoplasmic inclusions seen in most cells from a patient with B prolymphocytic leukaemia were analysed using both light and electron microscopy. They consisted of a dense homogeneous structure and were surrounded by a membrane, which had no continuity with the Golgi cisternae or the endoplasmic reticulum; some inclusions had a clear association with small lysosomal granules. Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase studies using light microscopy failed to elucidate completely the nature of the inclusions, but immunocytochemical reactions performed using electron microscopy suggested an immunoglobulin nature. All inclusions were negative for acid phosphatase and periodic acid Schiff. The nature of the inclusions described in the prolymphocytes of this patient were compared with those previously recorded in B prolymphocytic leukaemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Response to phenelzine among depressed patients with features of hysteroid dysphoria.

A 21-item questionnaire eliciting features of hysteroid dysphoria was administered to 51 depressed outpatients. Of the 47 patients who completed a 6-week double-blind study comparing the efficacy of amitriptyline and phenelzine, 14 had questionnaire scores greater than or equal to 13 (high score) and 33 had scores less than 13 (low score). Nine of nine high-score patients responded to phenelzine; only three of five high-score patients responded to amitriptyline. Low-score patients responded equally well to either drug (79% improved). These findings suggest that some depressed patients have features of hysteroid dysphoria and that these patients respond preferentially to phenelzine.

Adult↗