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Biomedical subjects

D S Kim

Publications and source records attributed to D S Kim.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Cigarette smoke extract induces endothelin-1 via protein kinase C in pulmonary artery endothelial cells.

We examined the mechanism of endothelin (ET)-1 regulation by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and the effect of platelets on CSE-induced stimulation of ET-1 gene expression in human and bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). Our data show that CSE (1%) induces ET-1 gene expression (after 1 h) and ET-1 peptide synthesis (after 4 h) in bovine PAECs. The induction of preproET-1 mRNA level was due to de novo transcription, and new protein synthesis was not required for this induction. The protein kinase C inhibitors staurosporine (10(-8) mol/l) and calphostin C (10(-7) mol/l) abolished the induction of ET-1 gene expression by CSE in bovine and human PAECs. Although a lower concentration of platelets (10(6) cells/ml in bovine PAECs; 10(7) cells/ml in human PAECs) did not significantly alter ET-1 gene expression in PAECs, incubation of platelets with CSE (1%) and PAECs produced a significant increase in preproET-1 mRNA and ET-1 peptide compared with the values in the presence of CSE (1%) alone. CSE (1%) induced platelet aggregation and increased the expression of platelet membrane glycoproteins ex vivo. Thus our data suggest that CSE stimulates ET-1 gene expression via PKC in PAECs. CSE and platelets showed a synergistic effect on ET-1 gene expression, possibly through the activation of platelets by CSE.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was reported to be associated with increased risk of lung cancer as a result of the occurrence of atypical or dysplastic epithelial changes in fibrosis which progressed to invasive malignancy. In that situation, the cancer will develop in the area of major fibrosis. To investigate the direct relationship between fibrosis and cancer development, the real concordance rate of the two lesions in the chest computed tomography (CT) was analysed and compared to the histological types of lung cancer. The subjects included 63 patients with combined lung cancer and IPF (IPF-CA), 218 patients with lone IPF, and 2,660 patients with primary lung cancer. All patients were diagnosed at Asan Medical Center during the same period. The age, percentage of smokers, and the male sex were significantly higher in IPF-CA compared with lone IPF. The odds ratio of smoking was 2.71 compared to nonsmoking IPF controls. In IPF-CA, 56% of the cancer was located in the periphery of the lung and 52% in the upper lobe. The majority of the cancers (64%) were found in the nonfibrotic area at chest CT. The most frequent cell type was squamous cell carcinoma (35%), and there was no significant difference in the cancer cell type between IPF-CA and total lung cancer population. These findings suggest that in combined lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients, the features of the lung cancer are similar to the total lung cancer population.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Nitric oxide and molsidomine in the management of pulmonary hypertension in Takayasu's arteritis.

We present three patients with pulmonary hypertension in Takayasu's arteritis who showed long-term favorable response, clinically and hemodynamically, to nitric oxide donor molsidomine. In these patients, nitric oxide inhalation was effective in reducing pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Molsidomine (single dose of 4 mg p.o.) was also effective in reducing PAP and PVR, but nifedipine was not. With molsidomine, 4 mg tid, dyspnea, exercise capacity, and hemodynamic parameters were improved. These favorable responses have lasted during the 3-month follow-up period in all patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Cerebral metabolic abnormalities in COPD patients detected by localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate changes in the cerebral metabolism of patients with COPD, using localized in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS), and to evaluate the clinical significance of cerebral metabolic abnormalities in COPD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventeen symptomatic COPD patients and 21 age-matched healthy volunteers participated in this study. All subjects underwent (1)H MRS, and neuropsychological tests (Wechsler memory scale-revised [WMS-R], color trail test, and grooved pegboard test) were performed by COPD patients. Magnetic resonance spectra were obtained from localized regions of parietal white matter (PWM) and occipital gray matter (OGM). Absolute levels of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline (Cho), and myo-inositol (mI) were calculated. RESULTS: In COPD patients, the mean (+/- SD) FEV(1) was 38 +/- 10% predicted, the PaCO(2) was 39 +/- 7 mm Hg, and the PaO(2) was 89 +/- 18 mm Hg, and these values did not exhibit statistical correlation with the levels of cerebral metabolites. NAA, Cr, and Cho levels in PWM were all significantly lower in COPD patients than in control subjects (p < 0.0125 [Bonferroni adjusted]). Neuropsychological parameters were lower in COPD patients compared with standardized values. However, they were not correlated with the levels of cerebral metabolites except for a positive correlation between the Cho level in PWM and the general memory quotient of WMS-R (r = 0.52; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that the cerebral metabolism is significantly altered in symptomatic COPD patients. The relationship between decreased Cho levels and memory dysfunction, and the clinical significance of other cerebral metabolic changes in COPD patients need to be further investigated.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Determination of human angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms in erectile dysfunction: frequency differences of ACE gene polymorphisms according to the method of analysis.

The D polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been found to be associated with various diseases, and ACE may also be involved in the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction. On the other hand, interpretation of the data on the association of DD genotype with various diseases is controversial, due to methodological and technical variations in detection of the polymorphisms. We investigated a possible association between the DD genotype and erectile dysfunction in a Korean population, and compared the frequency of ACEgenotypes using our multiplexed PCR method with those based on the conventional PCR method in a sample of erectile dysfunctional and control subjects. There was significant difference in the distribution of ACE genotypes between the erectile dysfunctional (conventional PCR) and the control subjects (multiplexed PCR) (chi2=7.395, p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the distribution of the genotypes between both groups (chi2=0.815, p>0.05) when our multiplexed PCR method was used. Therefore our results suggest that especially the conventional PCR method for ACE gene polymorphism may require careful control and may need repeated testing to verify the insertion deletion (ID) heterozygotes, and that a multiplexed PCR method can markedly increase the detection rate of the I allele in ID heterozygotes. No association was found between I/D polymorphism and erectile dysfunctional subjects in the Korean population studied.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of tuberculous and pyogenic epididymal abscesses: clinical, gray-scale sonographic, and color Doppler sonographic features.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of clinical, gray-scale sonographic, and color Doppler sonographic features for differentiating tuberculous and pyogenic epididymal abscesses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed in 10 cases of tuberculous epididymal abscess and in 13 cases of pyogenic epididymal abscess. The following clinical, gray-scale sonographic, and color Doppler sonographic features were analyzed: patient's age; duration of symptoms; scrotal tenderness; presence of sinus tract; concurrent tuberculosis in other organs; location, size, and echogenicity of the abscess; hyperechoic rim; testicular involvement; hydrocele; and blood flow in the epididymal lesion. RESULTS: Tuberculous epididymal abscess had a longer duration of symptoms (p = 0.0001) and a lower frequency of scrotal tenderness (p = 0.0048) than pyogenic epididymal abscess. The size of the abscess was larger in tuberculous epididymal abscess than in pyogenic epididymal abscess (p = 0.0002). The degree of blood flow in the peripheral portion of the abscess was lower in tuberculous epididymal abscess (p = 0.001). The patient's age, location and echogeninicity of the abscess, presence of sinus tract, hyperechoic rim, testicular involvement, and hydrocele did not differ between the tuberculous and pyogenic epididymal abscesses. CONCLUSION: Some clinical findings, gray-scale sonography, and color Doppler sonography were useful in differentiating tuberculous epididymal abscess from pyogenic epididymal abscess. The presence of long-term scrotal swelling without tenderness and a lower degree of blood flow in the peripheral portion of a large abscess are suggestive of tuberculous epididymal abscess.

Abscess↗
PubMed2001

Contrast-enhanced MR angiography and perfusion imaging of the hand.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this investigation was to develop a technique for producing high-resolution gadolinium-enhanced MR images of the hand that show three-dimensional angiographic anatomy and permit measurement of distal soft-tissue perfusion. CONCLUSION: High-resolution MR angiograms of the hand, as well as qualitative perfusion information, can be produced using a rapid sequential gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional gradient-echo technique.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗
PubMed2001

Clinical features of traumatic corneal endothelial rings.

We report the clinical features and the course of traumatic corneal endothelial rings by trauma. Fourteen eyes (of fourteen patients) with traumatic endothelial rings (twelve cases of BB shot injury), were enrolled in this study. With median follow-up interval of 50 weeks, initial and final best corrected visual acuity, presence of combined injuries such as gross hyphema, and time of disappearance of traumatic endothelial rings were recorded. And specular microscopic examination was performed. The duration of existence of traumatic endothelial rings was mean 4.6 days. On the specular microscopic examination, the count of corneal endothelial cells in the injured eye decreased by mean 16.8% (ranged from 1 to 56%) than that in the opposite unjnjured eye. The duration of existence of traumatic endothelial rings was 3.5 days in the group without combined angle recession and was 6.1 days in the group with combined angle recession. We suggest that the possibility of traumatic corneal endothelial rings and resultant endothelial cell loss and their clinical potential should be always kept in mind in ocular trauma, particularly BB shot injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

A case of retroperitoneal lipoleiomyoma.

We report a case of lipoleiomyoma which arose in retroperitoneum and presented with progressively distended abdomen in a 56-yr-old woman. The tumor was well encapsulated and consisted of two components, benign smooth muscle cells and mature adipose tissue without any atypia. It is likely to be mistaken as extrarenal angiomyolipoma, well-differentiated liposarcoma and leiomyoma with fatty change. We review the histologic characteristics of previously reported myolipoma and describe essential points of differential diagnosis.

Angiomyolipoma↗
PubMed2001

Effect of thyroid hormone on the alcohol dehydrogenase activities in rat tissues.

The effects of thyroid hormone on hepatic and gastric alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activities (nM of NADH/min/mg of cytosolic protein) have been investigated in male Sprague Dawley rats treated with thyroxine (1 mg/kg, po) for 14 days. Whereas hepatic ADH activity in thyroxine-treated rats decreased by 61.3% of control rats (26.4 vs 43.2, p<0.001), gastric ADH activity increased by 262.9% of control rats (4.9 vs 1.9, p<0.001). As for the activities of the lung and kidney, thyroxine treatment did not produce any statistically significant changes. These data suggest that thyrotoxicosis causes a decrease of hepatic alcohol metabolism, and that the increase of gastric ADH activity in thyrotoxic rats can partly restore the first-pass metabolism of ethanol.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed2001

Total occlusion of left main coronary artery by dilated main pulmonary artery in a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension.

A 34-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of recently aggravated right heart failure without angina for 5 months. When she was 25 years old, patch repair with Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was performed for the secondum type of atrial septal defect (ASD) with moderate pulmonary hypertension. The chest PA, echocardiography and cardiac catheterization at current admission revealed Eisenmenger syndrome without intracardiac shunt. Chest CT scan with contrast revealed markedly dilated pulmonary trunk, both pulmonary arteries and concave disfigurement of the left side of the ascending aorta suggesting extrinsic compression, as well as total occlusion of the ostium of the left main coronary artery that was retrogradly filled with collateral circulation from the right coronary artery. The coronary angiography showed normal right coronary artery and the collaterals that come out from the conus branch to the mid-left anterior descending artery (LAD) and that from distal right coronary artery to the left circumflex artery (LCX) and to the distal LAD, respectively. On aortography, the left main coronary artery was not visualized with no stump, suggestive of total occlusion of the ostium of the left main coronary artery. From our experience, it is possible to say that the occlusion of the ostium of the left main coronary can be induced by the dilated pulmonary artery trunk due to ASD with pulmonary hypertension and that, if the ASD closure was too late, the narrowing or obstruction of the left coronary artery could not be resolved even after operation owing to irreversible pulmonary hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Sarcoidosis in Korea: report of the Second Nationwide Survey.

BACKGROUND: In Korea, sarcoidosis is a very rare disease but the first nationwide survey performed in 1992 by the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases revealed 113 biopsy-proven cases. To investigate whether sarcoidosis is continuously increasing in Korea and verify the clinical pattern, the second nationwide survey was performed. METHOD: The questionnaires were sent to hospitals of larger than 80-bed size for collection of biopsy-proven sarcoidosis patients newly diagnosed between July 1992 and June 1999. RESULT: A total of 309 biopsy-proven cases was recruited from 58 hospitals. The incidence has gradually increased from 14 cases in 1993 (0.027/100,000) to 59 cases in 1998 (0.125/100,000). The peak age was in the thirties (33%) and females were predominant (64.6%). Not a single case was detected among 190,029 mass chest X-ray films taken in the national tuberculosis surveys from 1980 to 1995. The most common symptom was respiratory (42%) and the most frequently involved organ was the lung (87%), followed by skin (31%). Tuberculin skin anergy was found in 82.2%. Hypercalcemia was found in 9.7% and hypercalciuria in 22.5%. FVC and FEV1 were reduced in about a quarter of the patients and reduced DLCO was found in 37%. CONCLUSION: Sarcoidosis is still very rare in Korea even though it is increasing slowly and clinical manifestation was similar to the western pattern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The prognosis of respiratory failure in patients with tuberculous destroyed lung.

SETTING: The medical intensive care unit of a tertiary referral hospital. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognosis of patients whose lungs are damaged by previous and/or present tuberculosis infection and who have subsequently been presented with acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. DESIGN: A consecutive series of 38 patient cases with retrospective data analysis. RESULTS: Pulmonary function test results for tests performed within the previous year were made available in 21 of the 38 cases (55%). These showed a mean (+/- SD) forced vital capacity (FVC) of 1.52 +/- 0.46 L (41.0 +/- 14.5% predicted), a forced expiratory volume/second (FEV1) of 0.77 +/- 0.18 L (29.3 +/- 13.6% predicted), and an FEV1/FVC ratio of 55.1 +/- 16.2%. The acid-fast bacilli (AFB) positive group had a significantly higher mortality and more severe lung destruction when compared with the AFB-negative group. Patients with positive AFB were significantly more hypocapnic than those with negative AFB (6.4 +/- 2.7 vs. 9.3 +/- 3.9 kPa, P = 0.020). In multivariate analysis, the level of PaCO2 on admission was identified as the only significant prognostic index (OR 0.76, 95%CI 0.60-0.96). CONCLUSION: Patients with positive AFB smears or cultures may have higher mortality rates than those with negative AFB in the tuberculosis destroyed lung patients with acute respiratory failure. A higher PaCO2 measurement could indicate a better survival rate in this group of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Proteome analysis of light-induced proteins in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: identification of proteins separated by 2D-PAGE using N-terminal sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS.

The cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is an ideal model organism for the proteome study of light-induced gene expression because the whole genomic sequence has been determined. The soluble proteins extracted from light- and dark-cultured cells were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Light-induced protein spots electroblotted on a polyvinyldiene difluoride membrane were analyzed by N-terminal Edman sequence determination and followed by CyanoBase. The tryptic digests of some proteins were also confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and MS-Fit search. Interestingly, eight proteins were related to photosynthesis and respiration (RbcS/L, CbbA, Gap2, AtpB, CpcB, PsbO, and PsbU). Four proteins (SodB, DnaK, GroEL2, and Tig) were involved in cellular processes and the functions of another two proteins (rehydrin and membrane protein) were unknown. The proteome analysis by N-terminal Edman sequencing and MALDI-TOF enabled us to characterize one-shot protein profiles expressed under different physiological conditions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 on expression of mRNAs encoding c-Fos, neuropeptides and glutamic acid decarboxylase in cultured spinal neurons.

There is growing evidence suggesting that neurotrophins have modulating effects on the pain signaling system at spinal levels. In order to determine whether neurotransmitter expression is modulated in response to the elevation of neurotrophins, the changes in c-fos, neuropeptide and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) mRNAs expression was evaluated after BDNF or NT-3 was applied to cultured spinal neurons. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that BDNF induced a significant increase in the expression of preprodynorphin (pDYN), preproenkephalin (pENK), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and GAD mRNAs. In contrast, the pENK, not the pDYN, NPY and GAD, mRNA levels increased after the treatment of NT-3. Both BDNF and NT-3 produced a rapid increase in c-fos mRNA. These results suggest that BDNF and NT-3 have differential neuronal effects on the synthesis of spinal cord neurotransmitters that are involved in the modulation of nociceptive information.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Coincidence of ipsilateral ocular dominance peaks with orientation pinwheel centers in cat visual cortex.

Geometrical relationships among multiple cortical maps, such as those between ocular dominance and orientation maps, are a prominent feature of the brain's functional architecture. It is also well known that there is a strong bias of cortical responses toward the contralateral eye during early postnatal development. We wondered therefore whether and how such an imbalance of cortical responsiveness in a developing animal might influence the mutual geometrical relationships between orientation and ocular dominance maps in adult animals. The results of our study indicate the existence of a strong tendency for the peaks of the ipsilateral eye domains to coincide with the location of point singularities (pinwheel centers) in orientation maps. No such relationship was found for the peaks of contralateral eye domains. Computational studies reproduced similar asymmetry in the coincidence under the contralateral eye bias of inputs. Our study raised the idea that the pinwheel centers play an important role for retaining the weaker ipsilateral eye inputs during normal development.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Capsaicin effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rat dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord.

The effects of capsaicin systemically administered in adult rats, with the major focus on the expression of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and its mRNA in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord, has been investigated by means of immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions. The percentage of BDNF-immunoreactive neurons in the L5 DRG was found to increase significantly 1 day after capsaicin injection. Subsequently, it decreased slowly returning to near normal levels 1 week later. Four weeks post-injection, a significant reduction to below normal levels was observed. The temporal pattern of BDNF mRNA expression in the DRG was similar to BDNF-immunoreactivity. In the spinal cord, 1 and 3 days post-injection, no changes in the expression of the BDNF-immunoreactive axonal fibers was noted. However, the expression had decreased significantly after 1 and 4 weeks. The mechanism by which capsaicin induces changes in expression of BDNF in DRG neurons and the functional significance of the rapid increase in BDNF levels in the DRG is discussed briefly.

Animals↗